Ma Mekiko, hana ʻia ke kuahiwi mai ka wā ma mua o ka manawa Hispanic, i ka pilina mua o Chalco-Amecameca aia ka hōʻike o ka piʻi i Popocatepetl i ka makahiki 3-ʻohe (1289).
Hoʻomaka ka mauna mauna a piʻi mauna paha i 1492, i ka manawa i piʻi ai ʻo Antoine De Ville i ka piʻi mua o Mont Aiguille. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lā i manaʻo ʻia ma ke kahua hoʻomaka o nā haʻuki mauna kiʻekiʻe ʻo ʻAukake 8, 1786, i ka wā i hōʻea ai ʻo Jacques Balmat, i ka piko o Mont Blanc, ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻEulopa, me Dr. Paccard. Ma ke kenekulia 20, i ka hopena o 1920 a i ka mua o ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻonohonoho nā kuahiwi i nā Alps ʻEulopa e lanakila i nā paia anuanu nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā makahiki 1960 ka makahiki gula o ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka paia, a ua lilo ke awāwa ʻo Yosemite o Kaleponi i meka no ka haʻuki. Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā palena a me nā ʻōnaehana heleuma hou a me nā pono hana i hiki ke hele i mua a mamao loa.
ʻO ka leʻaleʻa o ka piʻi i nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe i kapa ʻia ka mauna no ka mea ua ala i ka Alpino. ʻO ke ʻano he kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma luna kahi hiki ʻole ke ola kanu mau a hiki ke makaʻu i ke ola holoholona (pili kēia i ka latitude o ka mauna) a me ka mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, uhi ʻia nā mauna o ka hau a me ka hau. Ma ke ʻano laulaha, haʻahaʻa loa ke kaomi honua, kahi e kumu ai ka maʻi mauna a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i ka mea unaccclimated. Kiʻekiʻena ʻo Ultraviolet radiation a pono pono e uhi i ka ʻili me ka pale o ka lā e pale i ke ahi i nā kekelē ʻokoʻa.
ʻO Mountaineering ma Mekiko
Ma Mekiko, hana ʻia ka mauna mai ka wā ma mua o ka manawa Hispanic, i ka pilina mua o Chalco-Amecameca aia ka hōʻike o ka piʻi i Popocatepetl i ka makahiki 3-cane (1289). Ua hoʻomaka ka piʻi pōhaku i nā makahiki 1940 a 1950. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia e nā hui ʻekolu; hoʻokahi ma Mexico City, kekahi ma Pachuca a ʻo kekahi ma Monterrey. Ua hoʻomaka kēia i ka pālākiō empirically. ʻO kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui o kēia au ʻo Santos Castro, ka mea i piʻi i nā ala he nui ma El Chico National Park, ma Las Ventanas, Los Frailes a me ka Circo del Crestón. Ma Iztaccíhuatl ua wehe ʻo ia i ke ala Sentinel, nona ka nui 280 m. I nā makahiki 1970, ua hōʻike aku ka poʻe Mekiko ʻo Sergio Fish a me Germán Wing i ke kime a me ka manaʻo o ka piʻi piʻi i Yosemite.
ʻO kekahi o nā loina o kēia haʻuki ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo canyoning, kahi huaʻōlelo i kiʻi ʻia mai ka canyoning English, ʻo ia hoʻi: e ukali i ke kahawai holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ke kahawai. Ma Popocatépetl, ua hana ʻia ia mai nā lā mua o ka mauna (i ka makahiki 3-cane 1289) ma ka Cañada de Nexpayantla. I kēia manawa ua hana ʻia ma kahi o nā wahi āpau, mai Baja Kaleponi a i Yucatán. ʻO ka paia a ke ana paha kahi āu e pono ai e iho i kēlā ala. Eia kahi moʻohelu o kekahi mau wahi i mākaukau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mauna ma Mekiko.
ʻO Iztaccíhuatl: Ke kihi o ka mālam
Hoʻomaka ka piʻi ma Llano Grande, e hele ana i ke awāwa ʻo Teyotl, e hele ana i ka hema, ma ke kumu o ka paia ka puʻuhonua o ka inoa like. Uhi ʻia kēia ʻāpana e ke kaʻa. A laila, ma ka wāwae, e hele ana i ka hikina, pono ʻoe e holomua ma ke kahawai pōhaku koʻikoʻi loa, e pili ana me nā lauoho hikina o ke poʻo o Iztaccíhuatl a me ke kumu o Teyotl. Ke hōʻea ʻoe i ka puʻu i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia mau helu ʻekolu, pono ʻoe e hele i ka hema, e hele wāwae ana ma waena o nā wahi pōhaku o La Cabellera Oriente, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻaoʻao Puebla. Ma hope o kēia ala, hele mua mākou i ka ʻāʻī, diagonally i luna ma kahi auwai i uhi ʻia e ka hau, kahi e alakaʻi pololei ai i ka puʻu i hana ʻia e ke poʻo a me ka pali mai ka umauma. Ke hiki i ka Cuello, hoʻomau mākou i ka hema ma ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Arista de la Luz e pili ana me ka piko, ʻo ia ka Pecho del Iztaccíhuatl. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o kēia ala aʻoi aku hoʻi o ke pololei ma mua o ke ala maʻamau a La Joya paha, akā pono ka mālama a me ka ʻike nui aʻe o ka piʻi ʻana i nā ʻenehana.
ʻO Volcano ʻO Iztaccíhuatl a i ʻole Ka Wahine Hiamoe: ʻO ka piʻi ʻana i nā moeʻuhane
Me kona kiʻekiʻe he 5,230 m, ʻo ia ke kolu o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina a ʻo ia ka lua pele i kipa ʻia e ka hau ma Mexico. ʻO ka manaʻo o kona inoa Wahine Keʻokeʻo ma Nahuatl. Nui a hewahewa kona hele ʻana akā ʻo kekahi o nā ala maʻamau ka ala e holo i loko o ka lua pele holoʻokoʻa mai Los Pies (Amacuilécatl) a i El Pecho.
Ma ke kaona ʻo Amecameca hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi halihali e lawe iā mākou i La Joya, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3,940 m, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka piʻi. Maanei pono mākou e hele i ke ala e piʻi ai i kahi paia a laila deviates. He mea nui ʻaʻole e nalo i kēia ala e hāhai ana i nā kualono a me nā puʻu. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kumulāʻau hope loa, pono mākou e hele wāwae i kahi ala me kahi pali kiʻekiʻe, a laila ʻaʻohe mea kanu. I ka hopena o kēia, lawe ke ala iā mākou i kahi pali pōhaku e pau i ka Segundo Portillo (awa a i ʻole ke ala hele). Mai aneʻi hewahewa ke ala a ua lawa ia e hele ma waena o nā mea pakele ma ke ala e hiki ai i luna.
Ma hope iki o ka puʻuhonua ʻo República de Chile (4,600 m) pau nā wahi one. A laila e loaʻa iā mākou ʻo Luis Méndez (4,900 m), mai kēia wahi e hāpai ʻia ka piʻi ʻana ma kahi ala me kahi pali liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka pahu. ʻO ka ʻōlelo koi nui a koʻikoʻi no ka poʻe ʻike ʻole i ka mauna e piʻi i ka hui o kahi kanaka loea a hui paha. ʻO ka manawa kokoke mai La Joya e loli ana ma waena o ʻeono a ʻeiwa mau hola.
ʻO ia ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma Mekiko a ʻo kekahi hoʻi o nā palena ma waena o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Puebla a me Veracruz. He 5,700 m kona kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai hāʻawi ka INEGI iā ia i 5,610. ʻO ka mika kiʻekiʻe o kona lua pele he 450 m a he mau aniani glacier kona. ʻOiai ʻo kona inoa kumu ma Nahuatl ʻo Citlaltépetl (mai citlallin, hōkū, a me tépetl, puʻu), ʻike ʻia ʻo Pico de Orizaba a ʻaʻohe manaʻo o kekahi no ke aha mai kēia inoa.
ʻO Citlaltépetl a i ʻole Pico de Orizaba: He hōkū mau
ʻO kona inoa paha ma muli o ke kokoke loa i kēia kūlanakauhale ʻo Veracruz. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nani o kēia mauna nui mai kahi mamao loa ma muli o kona nui a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he miliona miliona mau mika kūlike o ka ʻili glacial. ʻAneʻane lākou a pau e piʻi iā ia mai ke ala ʻākau no ka mea maʻalahi. Ma ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Tlachichuca, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Puebla, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolimalima i nā lawelawe lawena i ka puʻuhonua ʻo Piedra Grande, kahi kūkulu paʻa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4,260 m me ka hiki no nā kakini he ʻumikūmālua.
Hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana i ke kakahiaka nui, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka puʻuhonua ʻo La Lengüeta, ʻo ia ka alelo o ka glacier, a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka Espolón, ka nui o nā pōhaku nui e waiho ana ma ka ʻākau o ke ala. Ma laila e hoʻomaka ai ka glacier a pono mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā rula palekana āpau o ka mauna ʻana i maʻalahi ai ka piʻi ʻana. ʻEkolu mau māwae i ke ala, no laila pono mākou e piʻi i luna a i ka hui o kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi.
Peña de Bernal: ʻO ka mea nui loa ma ʻAmelika
ʻAʻole hiki iā Bernal ke hāʻule ʻole i ka mahalo. He mau kilomita ma mua o ke hiki ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, manaʻo ʻia ka pōhaku nui e piʻi aʻe i luna o ka ʻāina nani. Kuhi ʻia kēia monolith ke kolu o nā mea nui a puni ka honua, aia ia ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Querétaro a he 2,430 mau kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻLelo ʻia ʻo ka poʻe Basque ke ʻike lākou i kēia ʻano kālaihonua i kapa ʻia ʻo Bernal, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Pōhaku a Pōhaku paha. ʻO kēia mau puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu he mau lua pele pele ia nona ka magma i paʻa i loko o ka lua pele a hū ke kone mai ka 180 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Aia kekahi mau Bernales ʻē aʻe ma Veracruz, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí a me Tamaulipas. ʻAʻole hiki ke nalowale ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka pōhaku o Peña Bernal i luna a alakaʻi iā mākou i ke kaona. Ma aneʻi e ʻike mākou i kahi heluna nui o nā lepa o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui, a me nā ala he nui no nā poʻe hoʻomaka a me nā loea alpinist.
Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia monolith ka mea nui loa ma ʻAmelika e ʻae i ka iho me ke ʻano loea, a me ka hele wāwae ma waena o ke kaona ʻo Peña de Bernal i noho ma nā pali, ʻoiai ke ʻano hoihoi o kāna hale kolone e like me ka hale pule nui, kahi hale me ka maʻalahi o ka panalāʻau a me ka mahanahana o kona mau kamaʻāina. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka hana ʻana i nā kapeta a me nā kapa moe o ka hulu hipa maʻemaʻe.
