Hāʻawi ʻo Tamaulipas i nā mea pūʻiwa no nā mea aloha i ka holoholo a me ke kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho kūlohelohe i ka ʻaʻā a i ʻole ka ululāʻau, nāhele wela a i ʻole nā pāholo pāhihi he alahele kupaianaha e alakaʻi i nā kahawai mālie, nā wai aniani moʻo, nā hale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā ana a me nā cenote pohihihi. ʻO Cenotes ma Tamaulipas? ʻOiai paha e pīhoihoi kēia i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe heluhelu, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka penikala Yucatan; ʻIke pū kekahi iā lākou i kahi ʻāpana ʻāina liʻiliʻi ma Tamaulipas kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ai lākou he "loko wai".
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mayad'zonot (cenote), ʻo ia hoʻi "puka i ka honua" a kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi luawai kūlohelohe e hoʻomaka ʻia ana mai nā lepo calcareous permeable i maʻalahi i ka leaching (kahi hana i ukali ʻia e ka wai e hoʻonā i nā minelala a me nā pōhaku). I kēia hihia, he pōhaku kēpau ia, ʻo ia ke kumu o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lua lalo nui; I nā cenotes, nāwaliwali a hina nā kaupaku o kēia mau ana i hoʻopiha ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ke aniani ākea o ka wai ma waena o nā paia pōhaku.
Aia kekahi mau cenote wale nō ma Tamaulipas, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o ka mokuʻāina, ma ke kaona o Aldama, ma kahi o 12 km komohana o ka noho kulanakauhale; Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia, ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ka hohonu, ua ʻoi aku lākou i ka poʻe Yucatecans.
KEKAHI MEA HIKI MUA
I loko o ka Hōʻike e pili ana i ke kolone o Nuevo Santander a me Nuevo Reino de León (1795), ʻo Félix María Calleja, he mea ʻike pūʻali koa kaulana a wīwī o New Spain i nā makahiki o ke kipi, i ʻōlelo ʻia: "ma ke komohana ʻākau o ka Villa de las Presas del Rey i kēia lā ʻo Aldama) aia kekahi ana nui e hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā skylights maoli; a 200 mau varas mai kahi aku o kēia ana, kahi lua hohonu kahi e lana ai kahi mokupuni o ka mauʻu i nā manawa āpau, a nona ka lalo i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai luna ".
I ka 1873 ka ʻenekini ʻo Alejandro Prieto, ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ke kiaʻāina o Tamaulipas, i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kāna Mōʻaukala, kālaihonua a me nā helu helu o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Tamaulipas kahi ʻatikala i kākau ʻia e kona makuakāne, ʻo Ramón Prieto, i kapa ʻia "Nā wai wela o La Azufrosa", kahi e wehewehe kikoʻī nei ʻo ia. ka loko wai ʻo Zacatón, a ʻekolu mau mea i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa ʻo Baños de los Baños, nā Murcielagos a me nā loko Alameda; hana ʻo ia i kekahi kuhi e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau sinkhole hanohano, a me nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka maikaʻi, nā pono hoʻōla a me nā kumu sulfurous o kāna mau wai wela. Pili pū kekahi i ke ola ʻana o kahi ʻeli honua a hale hōʻikeʻike paha, ka loko wai o Los Cuarteles, a hiki i kahi ana kaulana liʻiliʻi.
KA POZA Del ZACATÓN
Ua hauʻoli me ka manaʻo o ka ʻimi ʻana i kēia mau hana kūlohelohe kupaianaha, haʻalele mākou iā Ciudad Mante i ke kaona ʻo Aldama; ʻElua mau hola ma hope ua hiki mākou i ke kaiāulu ʻo El Nacimiento ejidal, kahi hoʻomaka o ka huakaʻi ma waena o nā cenotes. Ua hāʻawi ʻoluʻolu ʻo Rafael Castillo González e hele pū me mākou ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. Ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka hānau ʻana o ka muliwai", ʻike mākou i kahi noho maluhia a nani hoʻi, e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lāʻau pāma, kūpono no kahi lā leʻaleʻa; ʻo ka muliwai Barberena (a i ʻole Blanco, e like me ka ʻike o nā kamaʻāina), ua hānau ʻia mai kahi mau mea ulu mānoanoa o nā kumulāʻau nunui a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike me ka maka maka ʻole i ke kiko kiko kahi e puka ai ka pūnāwai.
Hele mākou a puni ka palena o ka uea barbed a hoʻomaka mākou e piʻi i kahi pali akā kahi pali pōkole a hiki mākou i luna o kahi pāpū e mālama ai i nā lāʻau, nā ululāʻau a me nā kuahiwi, ʻano like o ka nahele lau nahele haʻahaʻa o ka ʻāina; Hahai mākou i kā mākou alakaʻi no 100 m iki a hiki i ka hopena, a aneane me ka ʻike ʻole, hiki mākou i ka lihi o ka loko wai Zacatón kupaianaha. Ua pūʻiwa mākou i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi mea kupaianaha kūlohelohe, a ʻo ka haunaele hauʻoli wale nō o kahi ʻāpana o ka quila - nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka genus Aratinga - i hoʻohuli i ka hāmau o ka wahi.
ʻO ke kiʻowai ʻo Zacatón kahi ʻano maʻamau o cenotes: kahi ākea ākea nui 116 m ke anawaena, me nā paia kū i hoʻopā i ka papa o ka wai ma kahi o 20 m ma lalo o ka pae o nā ʻāina a puni; ka vault i uhi hoʻokahi iā ia a hāʻule loa a hana i kahi paukū kūlohelohe kokoke. ʻO kona wai mālie, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele loa, hāʻawi i ke ʻano o ka stagnant; Eia nō naʻe, 10 m ma lalo o laila he ʻoka maoli 180 m ka lōʻihi e hoʻopili ana i ka loko wai me ke kumu o ka muliwai, a ma laila e kahe ai nā kahawai o lalo. Kāhea ʻia ia no ka mea ma ka ʻili o ka wai kahi mokupuni lana e lana ana mai kekahi kahakai a kahi ʻē aʻe, no ka makani paha a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka wai.
Ma ʻApelila 6, 1994, ʻo Sheck Exley, ka luʻu lua maikaʻi loa o ka honua (ua kau ʻo ia i nā kaha hohonu ʻelua: 238 m i ka makahiki 1988 a me 265 m i ka makahiki 1989) ua luʻu i loko o ka wai o ka Zacatón, me kāna hoapili ʻo Jim Bowden, e hoʻāʻo. e haki ana i ka hohonu o ka 1,000-kapuai (305-m) no ka manawa mua - eia naʻe ua hiki mai kekahi pilikia a make ʻo ia i 276 mika. ʻO ka loko wai ʻo Zacatón, ka lua hohonu loa i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia lā, me he mea lā ʻo ia ka "hohonu hohonu" a nā mea ʻimi ana āpau e makemake ai e ʻimi. ʻO kēia ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki i ko Sheck Exley makemake nui. Akā kaumaha ke make ʻana o nā ana ʻelua o ka honua i make i ka hohonu hohonu o ka honua.
OLELO GREEN
ʻO ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ko Zacatón, ʻaʻohe ona ʻano o ka cenote maʻamau; ʻaʻole hāʻule nā paia e hoʻopuni iā ia a uhi ʻia e nā mea kanu nui a hiki wale iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pāmaʻu ʻole o Sabal mexicana. Ua hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manaʻo o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi loko pohihihi, nalowale i ka hohonu o kahi ululāʻau exotic a ʻūlū hoʻi. Ua iho mākou i kekahi mau mika i lalo o kahi pali kūpikipiki loa i ka "kahakai" wale nō o ka pōhaku limestone paʻa e kū nei ma ke anapuni o ka loko wai; uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka wai i ka waihoʻoluʻu a ʻoi aku ka maopopo ma mua o ko Zacatón.
ʻO kā mākou kū hou ʻana ma kahi loko wai kūlohelohe i ʻike ʻia ʻo La Pilita, aia ma kahi kaumaha haʻahaʻa i ka ʻāina. heʻuʻuku ke anawaena o kēia loko a ʻaneʻane kokoke ka wai ma ka pae honua. Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i La Azufrosa; ʻO ia kahi wale nō kahi e ʻikea ai ke kumu keleawe o ka wai: polū milky, wela i ka hoʻopā a me ka huʻa mau ʻana o ka papa i luna. Hele ka poʻe ma laila e ʻauʻau e hoʻohana pono i nā pono hoola o ka loko maoli kū hoʻokahi.
KE KAI O NA CUARTELS
Ma mua iki o ka hiki ʻana i kēia ana ʻike mākou he helu maikaʻi o nā "lua" a i ʻole nā puka liʻiliʻi i ka honua e kamaʻilio ai me ka loko. Ke nānā nei iā lākou, mahalo mākou i ka mānoanoa o ka pōhaku limestone ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika, no laila ke hele maoli nei mākou "i ka lewa." Komo mākou i loko o ke ana ma o kāna mau puka komo a kāhāhā i ka hanana hiʻona maʻamau: kahi hale hōʻikeʻike honua nui i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā skylights kūlohelohe kahi e paʻa ai nā kumu ikaika a me nā aʻa o nā higerones (Ficus sp.) . ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau skylights he mau mika ke anawaena, akā aia kekahi e iho nui ana, no ka hiolo o ka hale, kahi ulu ulu kūikawā o nā pōhaku a me nā kumu lāʻau i ulu; ua hana ka kūlohelohe i kahi hoʻolālā surreal maikaʻi a maikaʻi e mahalo ai.
NA OLELO AL GUNAS
Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e kamaʻilio nā loko wai āpau i lalo o ka honua; Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻano i ke kala, ka aniani moakaka a me ka ʻike sulphur o kā lākou wai, no ka loaʻa paha o nā aquifers like ʻole, kēlā me kēia ʻano me ka maikaʻi o ka wai, a laila kāwili ʻia i hoʻokahi kahawai e kahe ana i kā lākou kahe pānaʻi. ma ke kumu o ka muliwai. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi ʻole e wehewehe i ka hohonu kupaianaha, i koho ʻia ma 1080 kapuaʻi (330 m), i hiki ai i ka loko wai ʻo Zacatón. ʻO ka mea wale nō a Don Ramón Prieto i hōʻike ai i ke kenekulia i hala i hiki i ka noʻonoʻo: "I loko o nā wai o La Azufrosa ʻokoʻa nā mea āpau, nā mea āpau a nui loa. ʻO nā loko wai a mākou i wehewehe ai a me ka nui o ka wai i hōʻike ʻia i ka maka o nā mea āpau, ʻano ʻē i ka walaʻau o ke kahawai e kū ana i kāna kahawai. ʻIke paha ua make a hiamoe paha, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika e pono ai e uhaʻi i ka papa o ka pōhaku i uhi iā lākou a, hilahila i ko lākou hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ua ʻōlelo lākou: e ʻike mākou i ka mālamalama, a ua hana ʻia ke kukui no lākou. "
Inā hele ʻoe i LOS CENOTES DE ALDAMA
Ke haʻalele nei mai ke kūlanakauhale a me ke awa o Tampico, Tamaulipas, e hāhai i ke alaloa aupuni no. 80 e lawe iā mākou i Ciudad Monte; 81 km ma hope, ma Manuahi Station, hele ma ke alaloa ma ke ala nui no. 180 e hele ana i Aldama a me Soto la Marina; Hele ma kahi o 26 km a ma kēia kiko (10 km ma mua o ke hiki ʻana i Aldama) huli hema ma ke ala pākea, ma kahi o 12 km ka lōʻihi, a hiki i ka ejido. Ka hānau ʻana. ʻAʻohe o nā lawelawe mākaʻikaʻi i kēia pūnaewele, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kaona kokoke o Aldama, a i ʻole ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tampico.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 258 / ʻAukake 1998
