ʻOiai ʻo ka mea e hoʻopuni ʻia nei i kēia manawa e nā ala nui a hou o kēia manawa, hoʻomau ka wahi o Santa María i ka mālama ʻana i nā kihi he nui e haʻi mai iā mākou e pili ana i kona aliʻi Porfirian i hala.
ʻO ka hale Liberty o nā hale, nā māla a me nā alanui ākea i huki ʻia i kahi kihi o ke kaiāulu ʻo Santa María la Rivera, ma Mekiko City, kekahi o nā mea e ʻae pono iā mākou e nānā i ka hoʻolālā o ka wā Porfirian hope loa
Kuhi ʻia kēia wahi aristocratic e ka Instituto Técnico Industrial, Insurgentes Norte, Río Consulado a me Rivera de San Cosme avenues, nā ala wikiwiki a me nā manawa hou e kūlike ʻole me ka manaʻo o ka holomua i loaʻa i ka manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo Santa María. .
A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ma ke alanui ʻo Jaime Torres Bodet, ma ka helu 176, e kū nei kahi hale ʻo Art Nouveau nona nā puka aniani alakaʻi e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina i hōʻike i ke kaila Farani maʻemaʻe. ʻO ia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Geology Institute o ka UNAM. Hoʻohanohano kāna façade i nā hana quarry hoihoi, nona nā mea e hōʻike ai i ka pūpū a me nā moʻo kolo, a me nā amona hoʻi ma lalo o nā hoaka ʻekolu ma ka puka komo. I loko o ke keʻena moe, kahi alapiʻi nani ʻelua-ramp nani - kāhiko ʻia me nā pua a me nā lau acanthus i kāhiko ʻia e ʻike ʻia ma nā papahele marble mahalo i ka mālamalama i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka dome nui ma kona kaupaku.
Aia ke ola o kēia pā i ke Komisina Geological o Mekiko, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Mei 26, 1886 a me nā makahiki ma hope i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he Institute, i manaʻo he mea pono e hana i kahi keʻena nui e ʻike i ka hale o kēia lālā a kauoha i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka hale.
ʻO ka papahana ka mea i mālama ʻia e ka mea hulihonua ʻo José Guadalupe Aguilera a me ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo Carlos Herrera López. ʻO ka mua i hoʻolālā i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua a me nā lumi hōʻike mau loa a ʻo ka lua i mālama i ka hana ponoʻī.
No laila, i ka makahiki 1900 ua kau ʻia ka pōhaku mua o ka hale a i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa 1906 ua hoʻokumu ʻia me ka mana. Ma Nowemapa 16, 1929, ua lilo ia i ʻāpana o ka National University ke hoʻolaha ʻia kona mana kūʻokoʻa a ma 1956, i ka neʻe ʻana o ka Institute of Geology i ke Kulanui Kulanui, ua waiho wale ia ma ke ʻano he hale hōʻikeʻike. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kēia mea hoʻopili hou e ka mea kākau ʻo Herrera lāua ʻo Antonio del Castillo.
Kūkulu kēia hale i nā hoʻoilina ʻepekema holoʻokoʻa o nā noiʻi mua ma kēia kahua: nā hōʻiliʻili o nā minelala a me nā mōʻalihaku, nā mea hōʻikeʻike o ka holoholona a me nā pua o nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, a me kahi kiʻi o nā canvases a ka mea ʻike ʻāina ʻo José María Velasco. ʻEhā mau pena i haku ʻia o nā mea kūlohelohe e, e like me nā kiʻi i loko o kahi kuʻikahi biology, e hōʻike ana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kai a me ke ola ʻona mai kona kumu a hiki i ke ʻano o ke kanaka.
Ma kēia ala, ua hoʻokele ʻo Velasco i ke ʻano o ka ʻepekema a me ke akeakamai o Positivism ma o kāna hana noʻeau a kūlohelohe hoʻi, e hōʻuluʻulu nei i kāna hana i ka manaʻo nui o ka "holomua" o ka 19 kenekulia.
Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka lumi nui o ka hale hōʻikeʻike i ka paleontology. Kūkulu nā hale ma kahi o 2 000 vertebrates a me nā invertebrates a hōʻike i ke alo o ka iwi nui o ka ʻelepani a me nā iwi iwi ʻē aʻe o nā māmela i nalo mua. I kekahi o nā waihona lāʻau, mai ka wā Porfirian mai nō ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona mineral e hōʻike ana i nā wā ʻokoʻa i ka moʻolelo evolution of the planet. ʻO ia ka hoʻomanaʻo pōhaku o ko mākou ʻāina.
Ma nā puka o ka lumi noho a ma nā kia pani puka, kālai ʻia ka hōʻailona o ka Institute. I kēia wahi, hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā mea alakaʻi i ke kumuhana o ka mining a ma ke kua o ka puka aniani aniani nani e hōʻike ana i ka mine paʻakai Wieliczka, ma Polani.
ʻO ka lumi no ka petrology mai nā aniani like ʻole o ka quartz a me kahi hōʻiliʻili mai ka pou hema, a i nā mea e hōʻike ai i ke kumukānāwai o nā luaipele ʻo Mekiko. Eia hou, aia kekahi mau pōhaku igneous, sedimentary a me metamorphic, a me nā pōhaku i hoʻonani ʻia no ka hana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻonaninani.
I loko o ka lumi i mālama ʻia no ka mineralogy, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano laʻana like ʻole mai nā wahi like ʻole o ko mākou teritori a me nā ʻāina ʻē, hāʻawi ʻia e like me ke k modelkohu i noi ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻo H. Strunz, ka mea i noho aliʻi ma 1938 i kahi kauoha e like me ke kumu. kemika a me ka aniani o kāna mau kumu. ʻO nā pōhaku o ka nani laha ʻole e like me opal, ruby, talc, okenite a me spurrite i loaʻa ma aneʻi.
ʻO ka romantika a me ka holomua o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa i waiho i kahi hōʻike hou o kona ala i ka nohona aupuni ma ke kolone ʻo Santa María. Ma ka helu 10 Enrique González Martínez alanui, ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Chopo i kēia lā ka pūnaewele o nā huli hou i ka māla moʻomeheu. ʻO ke ʻano metallic e hana nei i ia o ke kaila jungend-style hou i lawe ʻia, a lawe ʻia mai Kelemania a ʻākoakoa ʻia i ka makahiki 1902 e nā ʻenekini ʻo Luis Bacmeister, Aurelio Ruelas a me Hugo Dorner, akā ma muli o nā pilikia like ʻole ʻaʻole ia a hiki i ka 1910, me ka hōʻikeʻike o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana Kepani. , i ka wā i noho mua ʻia ai.
I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo El Chopo i Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Mōʻaukala Kūlohelohe a noho pēlā a hiki i ka makahiki 1929, i ka manawa i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai kāna waihona a me ka hōʻiliʻili zoological i kahi wahi ma kahakai o Lake Chapultepec.
Ma hope o kēia, komo ka hale i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa loiloi lōʻihi a hāʻule i ka hoʻopoina no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
Aia a hiki i ka 1973 hoʻoholo ka UNAM e hoʻihoʻi iā ia a hoʻomaka i kāna pae ma ke ʻano he kikowaena moʻomeheu. Hana nā hana hou i ʻehiku mau makahiki a ma loko o lākou e wehe ʻia nā wahi ākea no nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hulahula, hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, mele, hana ʻili a me nā wahi like ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia, he mezzanine nui a he ʻekolu mau hale hōʻikeʻike no ka hale no nā anaina kuikawa.
Mai ia manawa, ua noho mau ka Chopo i meaola ola i loko o kahi e noho like ai nā kūlohelohe o nā hanauna like ʻole. He hālāwai kūkā ia e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he thermometer ma ke ʻano o ka noʻeau. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, wehe kēia hale hōʻikeʻike i nā puka i nā hōʻikeʻike mai nā hui a i nā hui haole, no laila ke hoʻolaha nei i ka kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā mea hana kiʻi, kiʻi, hoʻonohonoho, kiʻi kiʻi, a me nā mea like ʻole, a me ka lehulehu.
Loaʻa iā El Chopo kahi hōʻuluʻulu paʻa o nā mea pena ea, i hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā mea kākau e like me Francisco Corzas, Pablo Amor, Nicholas Sperakis, Adolfo Patiño, Yolanda Meza a me Artemio Sepúlveda.
Akā inā ʻo ka Chopo Museum ka puʻuwai moʻomeheu o ke kolone, ʻo kāna Alameda ka ola kaiāulu. A aia i loko o kēia Alameda kahi i kū ai ka Moorish Pavilion kaulana i kēia manawa, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka New Orleans International Exposition i hōʻoia ʻia mai Kēkēmapa 16, 1884 a Mei 1885.
Ma hope iho, ua komo kēia Pavilion i ka hōʻike honua ma Palisa, a i kona hoʻi ʻana mai aia ia ma Alameda Central a aia he mau huki no ka Lottery National.
I ka 1908, ua hoʻomaka ka hana e hoʻoneʻe i ka Moorish Pavilion i Santa María la Rivera mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Hemicycle iā Juárez e kūkulu i kahi i noho ai. ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ke kiosk no nā lā nui o ka makahiki 1910.
Ma loko o nā makahiki 1930 a me 1940, ua hōʻike kēia Pavilion i ka ʻike kūlanakauhale mua o ka poʻe neʻe mai ka panalāʻau i ke awāwa ʻo Mekiko. Ma kēia mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻo José Vaconselos: "ʻO ke kiosk, kahi no nā ʻahamele, nā recital, nā harangues a me nā haunaele aia ma waenakonu o nā pā o 100 mau kūlanakauhale kūpono ma Latin America."
I kēia lā, ua hoʻihoʻi wale ʻia ka Pavilion i ʻelua mau manawa, i ka 1962 a me ka 1978, a i nā manawa ʻelua ua hana hou ʻia ia mai kona mau pōhaku a me nā kahua paʻa i ka ʻaeto ma kona dome, a me nā kala e uhi iā ia.
Ma nā hopena pule, lilo kēia wahi i kahua kahua moʻokalaleo ke hele mai nā mea kākau ʻōpio e hana i nā heluhelu lehulehu. Hoʻolohe nā mea hoʻolohe i kā lākou hana, noʻonoʻo i nā mele a kūkākūkā i ka wā e noho ana nā kāne ma nā noho a pāʻani nā keiki. A ʻaʻole kēia i loli mai ka manawa o Vasconcelos, ka mea i ʻōlelo: “Pēlā, ulu ke kūlanakauhale; ʻAʻohe hui hou a holoholo paha, akā ʻākoakoa mau ke kaona holoʻokoʻa i ka square ma nā lā leʻaleʻa a me nā lā mutiny, a haʻalele ke kalepa mai ka square a mai laila ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ke kūlanakauhale i loaʻa i kona impulse ".
