Ma nā kenekulia IV-XI o ko mākou au, ua ulu nui kekahi mau noho ma ka Sierra Gorda ma Queretaro.
ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo Ranas lāua ʻo Toluquilla nā wahi i ʻike nui ʻia i ke au kahiko; I loko o ia mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā kahua o nā hoʻokumu moʻomeheu, nā hale noho a me nā pā kinipōpō, i hui pū ʻia me nā kualono o nā puʻu. Hoʻopili nā mines Cinnabar i nā pali kokoke; Ua mahalo nui ʻia kēia mineral (mercury sulfide) no kona kala vermilion ʻōniʻoniʻo, e like me ke koko ola. ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kuahiwi e nā poʻe noho kūmau i kūlike me ka hiolo ʻana o nā wahi mahiʻai ma ka hapa nui o Mesoamerica ʻAkau. Ma hope, ua noho ʻia ka ʻāina e ka poʻe nomad o Jonaces, hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, a na ka poʻe semi-sedentary Pames, nona ka moʻomeheu e like ai me ka nohona Mesoamerican: ka mahi ʻana i ka palaoa, kahi kaiāulu stratified a me nā heiau i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomana ʻana i ko lākou mau akua. .
Ma hope o ka Naʻi Aupuni, hele mai kekahi mau Sepania i ka Sierra Gorda i ʻume ʻia e nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā mahi mahiʻai, holoholona a me nā mining. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia komo ʻana o ka moʻomeheu Hispanic Hou i koi ʻia e hoʻohui i nā serranos ʻōiwi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana socioeconomic a me politika, kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka poʻe pule Augustinian, Dominican a me Franciscan. ʻO nā mikiona mua, i nā kenekulia 16 a me 17, ʻaʻole maikaʻi. Ma kahi o 1700, ʻike mau ʻia ke sierra ma ke ʻano he "stain of gentleness and barbarism", i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lehulehu Sepania New incipient.
Ua loli kēia hanana i ka hōʻea ʻana i ka Sierra Gorda o Lutanela a me Kāpena General José de Escandón, ma ke alakaʻi o ka regiment o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Querétaro. E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1735, ua hana kēia koa i kahi papa o nā hoʻouka kaua e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā kuahiwi. I ka makahiki 1743, ua paipai aku ʻo Escandón i ke aupuni viceregal i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā mikionali. Ua ʻae ʻia kāna papahana e nā luna a i ka makahiki 1744 i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā kikowaena mikionali ma Jalpan, Landa, Tilaco, Tancoyol a me Concá, ma lalo o ka mana o nā Franciscans o ke koleke ʻo San Fernando Propaganda Fide, ma ke kapikala o New Spain. ʻO nā Pame i hōʻole e noho i nā mikiona ua pio i lalo e nā koa o Escandón. I kēlā me kēia mikiona i kūkulu ʻia kahi hale pule lāʻau rustic me ka hale mauʻu, kahi hale lole i hana ʻia i nā mea like a me nā hale no nā ʻōiwi. I ka makahiki 1744 he 1,445 ka poʻe ʻōiwi ma Jalpan; ua loaʻa nā mikiona ʻē aʻe ma waena o 450 a me 650 mau kānaka pākahi.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui koa ma Jalpan, ma lalo o ke kauoha a kahi kāpena. I kēlā me kēia mikiona aia he mau koa e alakaʻi i nā frigle, e mālama i ke kauoha a hopu i nā ʻōiwi e hoʻāʻo nei e pakele. I ka makahiki 1748, ua hoʻopau ka pūʻali koa o Escandón i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā Jonaces i ke kaua o ka puʻu o Media Luna. Me kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia kaona mauna. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hāʻawi ʻo Femando VI, ke Aliʻi o Sepania iā Escandón i ka inoa o ka Helu o ka Sierra Gorda.
Ma ka 1750, ua makemake nā kūlana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻeuanelio o ka ʻāina. Ua hōʻea mai kahi hui o nā mikionali mai ke Kulanui o San Fernando, ma lalo o ke kauoha a ka Majorcan Brother Junípero Serra, ka mea e lilo i ʻeiwa mau makahiki i waena o ka Pames Serrano ma ke ʻano he pelekikena o nā mikionali ʻelima Fernandine. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Serra i kāna hana ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Pame, a ua unuhi ʻo ia i nā huaʻōlelo kumu o ka hoʻomana Karistiano. Pēlā i hele aʻe i ka pale linguistic, ua aʻo ʻia ka hoʻomana o ke keʻa i nā kamaʻāina.
ʻO nā ʻenehana a nā mikionali i hoʻohana ai i ka sierra, ua like ia me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e nā Franciscans i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i ka kenekulia 18. Ua hoʻihoʻi kēia mau pule i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka papahana euanelio o New Spain o ke kenekulia 16, keu hoʻi i nā hana aʻo a me nā loina; Hoʻokahi wale nō mea i loaʻa iā lākou: ua ʻae ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōiwi i ka mana nui ma luna o lākou. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hana nui ka pūʻali koa i kēia kūlana holomua o ka "lanakila ʻuhane." ʻO nā mākaʻi ka mana ma nā mikionali, akā ua hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou kāohi me ke kākoʻo o nā koa. Ua hoʻonohonoho lākou i kahi aupuni ʻōiwi i kēlā me kēia mikionali: ua koho ʻia kahi kiaʻāina, nā kiaʻāina, nā kōpena, a me nā loio. Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā hewa a me nā lawehala o ka lāhui ʻōiwi me ka hahau ʻana i lawelawe ʻia e nā loio ʻōiwi.
Ua lawa nā kumuwaiwai, mahalo i ka hoʻokele akamai o nā mākua, ka hana o nā pames a me kahi kōkua haʻahaʻa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka Lei aliʻi, ʻaʻole wale no ke ola a me ka ʻeuanelio wale nō, akā no ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelima mau hale mīkini misionari i kūkulu ʻia ma waena o 1750 a me 1770, ka mea e hoʻopūʻiwa nei i nā mea kipa i ka Sierra Gorda. Ma nā uhi, i kāhiko nui ʻia me ka puna polychrome, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kumu theological o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano. Ua hoʻolimalima ʻia nā haku haku haole e alakaʻi i nā hana o nā hale pule. Ma kēia mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Fray Francisco Palou, ka hoa noho a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo o Fray Junípero: "Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia o Fray Junípero ua ʻike ʻo ia i kāna mau keiki i nā Indians i kahi kūlana e hana nei me ka pīhoihoi nui ma mua o ka hoʻomaka, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kūkulu lākou i hale pule masonry (.. ) Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna manaʻo hoʻolaʻa i kēlā mau ʻĀnia āpau, ka poʻe i ʻae ʻoluʻolu, e hāʻawi ana e lawe i ka pōhaku, kahi kokoke, nā one āpau, hana i ka lime a kāwili, a lawelawe i nā limahana no ka poʻe kālai pōhaku (..) a i loko o ʻehiku mau makahiki i hoʻopau ʻia ai kahi hale pule (..) Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau hana (nā pames) i hiki ai i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, e like me nā mea hana pōhaku, nā mea kamanā, nā mea hana ʻeleʻele, nā mea pena kiʻi, nā mea haku mele, a pēlā aku. (...) he aha ka mea i koe mai ka synod a mai nā manawaleʻa o ka lehulehu i hoʻohana ʻia e uku i nā uku o ka poʻe makemake (...) ". Ma kēia ʻano, hōʻole ʻo Palou i nā kaʻao o kēia wā i hana ʻia kēia mau luakini e nā mikionali me ke kākoʻo wale o nā Pames.
ʻO nā hua o ka hana mahiʻai, lawe ʻia i nā ʻāina kaiāulu, mālama ʻia i loko o nā hale papaʻa, ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu a nā mākua; kaʻana i ka ration i kēlā me kēia lā i kēlā me kēia ʻohana, ma hope o ka pule a me ke aʻo ʻana. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ua loaʻa nā hōʻiliʻili nui aʻe, a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koena. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia e kūʻai i nā hui o nā bipi, nā mea mahiʻai a me nā lole e hana ai i nā lole. ʻO nā pipi nui a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i mālama ʻia i ke kaiāulu; ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻiʻo i waena o nā mea āpau. I ka manawa like, ua paipai ka poʻe pule i ka mahi ʻana i nā wahi ponoʻī a me ka hānai holoholona ʻana i waiwai pilikino. No laila, hoʻomākaukau lākou i nā pume no ka lā o ka secularization o nā mikionali, i ka wā i pau ai ke aupuni komunal. Ua aʻo nā wahine i ka hana lole a me nā lole, ka wili, ka ulana ʻana a me ka humuhumu. Ua hana lākou i moena, ʻupena, broom, ipuhao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a kā lākou kāne i kūʻai aku ai ma nā mākeke o nā kauhale kokoke.
I kēlā me kēia lā, me nā kukuna mua o ka lā, ua kāhea nā bele i nā mākua ʻōiwi i ka hale pule e aʻo i nā pule a me nā aʻo Karistiano, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma ka Paniolo, ʻo kekahi ma Pame. A laila hele mai nā keiki, ʻelima a ʻoi makahiki, e hana like. Ua hoʻi nā keikikāne i kēlā me kēia awakea e hoʻomau i kā lākou aʻo haipule. I ka ʻauinalā hoʻi ka poʻe mākua e loaʻa ana i ka ʻākapaʻa, e like me ka launa mua, ka male ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻae ʻana i ka makahiki, a me nā mea i poina i kekahi o nā aʻo.
I kēlā me kēia Lāpule, a ma ka hanana o nā hoʻolauleʻa obligatory o ka Ekalesia, pono nā kamaʻāina āpau e hele i ka lehulehu. Ua honi kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻōiwi i ka lima o ke kahu e hoʻopaʻa inoa i ko lākou hele ʻana. Ua hoʻopaʻi nui ʻia ka poʻe e hele ʻole ana. Ke hiki ʻole i kekahi ke hele ma muli o kahi huakaʻi kalepa, pono lākou e hoʻi me kahi hōʻoia o ko lākou hele ʻana i ka lehulehu ma kekahi kaona. Ma ka auina la Sabati, ua puleia ka lei alii o Maria. Ma Concá wale nō kēia pule i mālama ʻia ai i loko o ka pule, e huli ana i kēlā me kēia pō i kahi kaiāulu a i ʻole ranchería.
Aia kekahi mau hana kūikawā e hoʻolauleʻa ai i nā lā nui Kalikiano. Aia kekahi ʻike paʻa ma luna o nā mea i mālama ʻia ma Jalpan, i ko Junípero Serra noho ʻana, mahalo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Palou.
ʻO kēlā me kēia Kalikimaka he "colloquium" a pāʻani paha i ka hānau ʻana o Iesū. Ma loko o ka Lent he pule kūikawā, nā haʻiʻōlelo, a me nā kaʻina kaʻina. Ma Corpus Christi aia kekahi huakaʻi ma waena o nā pio, me "... ʻehā mau hale pule me kā lākou mau papa no ka Haku i ka Sakrameta e kū ai". Ma ke ala like, he mau hoʻolauleʻa kūikawā no nā ʻahaʻaina ʻē aʻe i loko o ka makahiki liturgical.
Ua pau ka makahiki gula o nā mikiona mauna i ka 1770, i ka manawa a ka ʻekepihopa i kauoha ai i kā lākou lawe ʻia i nā kāhuna pule. Ua hāpai ʻia ka mahele o ka nuʻukia, i ka kenekulia 18, ma ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana i ka hoʻohui piha ʻana o ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka ʻōnaehana New Hispanic. Me ka secularization o nā mikionali, hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻāina kaiāulu a me nā waiwai pono ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pames, no ka manawa mua, ke kuleana e uku i ka hapaʻumi i ka archdiocese a me nā ʻauhau i ke kalaunu. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua haʻalele kahi hapa maikaʻi o ka Pames i nā mikionali, e hoʻi ana i kā lākou mau noho kahiko ma nā kuahiwi. Ua hāʻule nā mikiona semi-haʻalele i kahi kūlana o ka emi. ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā mikionali mai Colegio de San Fernando he ʻelima mau makahiki wale nō. Ma ke ʻano he hōʻike no kēia kahua o ka naʻi aupuni o Sierra Gorda, aia nā ensemble lahui nui e hoʻohiwahiwa nei a e hoʻāla i ka hoihoi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka hana o nā kiʻi o ke kino o Fray. ʻO Junípero Serra.
Puna: Mekiko i ka Manawa Helu 24 Mei-Iune 1998
