I ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, i ka panalāʻau i noho ʻia e ka Lepupalika ʻo Mekiko i kēia manawa, a me ka wā kahiko i hoʻi mai i 30 tausani mau makahiki i kona wā prehistoric, nā hui kanaka like ʻole me nā kekelē ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻopili kaiapili-politika a me ka hoʻomohala moʻomeheu i noho a hiki i ka manawa o pili me ka moʻomeheu Sepania.
Ma waenakonu o lākou he waena waena, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻa pono, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Oasisamerica. ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana i ka mua he "moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe" nona ka manaʻo nui, ma ke kahua ma mua koke o ka Naʻi Aupuni, ʻo ia ka Triple Alliance, a ʻo ia ka Empire o Moctezuma. ʻO ka hui, nā hui Arido-ʻAmelika - ʻoiai ke kumu o kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o nā neʻe ʻana, i ka wā lōʻihi, e hiki ai i nā Mesoamerican ke hoʻokō - noho me ke kēkelē haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala moʻomeheu a me nā pae haʻahaʻa i nā ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho. hopohopo sociopolitical. Ua kūleʻa nā Oasisamericans ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻo lākou ka mea waena. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, i ka manawa o ka launa pū ʻana, he mosaic multethnic a me nā moʻomeheu lehulehu ka honua ʻōiwi me nā ʻokoʻa i kaha ʻia ma waena o kāna mau ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka Mesoamerican super-area aia kahi substrate moʻomeheu maʻamau. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano i hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o kā lākou mau hui kaiaulu - me ka loaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o caIendaries, kahi ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho mokuʻāina a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale - ka hana ʻana i nā moʻolelo pictographic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā ʻano haipule-caIendáricos. , kālaiʻāina-pūʻali koa, divinatory, tributary, moʻokūʻauhau, cadastral a me cartographic, a ma ke ʻano nui (i kekahi mau hihia) i hōʻike i ka ʻike mōʻaukala ikaika.
Wahi a Alfonso Caso, hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kēia moʻomeheu i nā kenekulia 7 a i ʻole 8 o ko mākou au, a e like me kā Luis Reyes pili ʻia i nā kiʻi pena o nā ana, nā hale pālolo a me nā kiʻi paʻi paia ma kahi o ʻelua tausani mau makahiki. I ko Kirchhoff manaʻo, hāʻawi ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka ʻike iā mākou i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻohui i nā ʻikepili archaeological me [nā] kiʻi a i ʻole nā kumu i kākau ʻia.
ʻO nā moʻolelo Pictographic, kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe Mesoamerican i ka ʻāina ʻAmelika i kēia manawa, i hoʻomau ʻia i loko o ka wā kolone, ma ke ʻano he mea e ʻae ai i nā kuleana kahiko, nā hoʻopiʻi ma nā ʻāina a i ʻole nā palena, ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā kūʻauhau, a ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻomanaʻo. o nā lawelawe i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Crown e nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi a me ko lākou mau aliʻi.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, e like me kā Luis Reyes i kuhikuhi ai, ke kū nei nā hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ka wā o ke kolone e hōʻike ana i nā aʻa ikaika a me ka ikaika o ka ʻōnaehana kākau India, i loli a hoʻololi ʻia akā hoʻomau i ka wā kolone. Hōʻike ia i ka ʻae a me ka ʻike kolona o ka ʻike moʻomeheu o nā Indians.
Ma ke ʻano he hoʻoilina mōʻaukala moʻolelo, lilo kēia mau hōʻike i alahaka, no ka mea pili ia mea iā mākou me nā mea hana o nā koina archaeological i kēia manawa (ʻo kēia mau pono hana a i ʻole hoʻokau i nā wahi monumental) a i mua, me nā hui ʻōiwi o kēia wā. Ma nā ʻōlelo a Paul Kirchhoff, ʻae iā mākou e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaʻina mōʻaukala Mesoamerican (i ke ʻano ākea), e hoʻāʻo i kāna hana hou ʻana mai kona kumu a hiki i kēia manawa. No kēia mea, pono e hoʻohui i kā lākou hana i nā kānaka hulikoehana, nā mōʻaukala a me nā anthropologists. ʻoiai he mea nui ia e hoʻohui i kēlā, mai 1521, no kona ʻike piha, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka poʻe Paniolo, a ma hope, e like me ko lākou manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia ai i loko o ke kaiāulu kolone, ʻo ʻApelika a me ko ʻAsia.
Hoʻohui ka papahana hoʻopuka codic Mesoamerican i nā hana a nā poʻe he nui a me nā ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea hope loa ʻo ka National Institute of Anthropology and History, ke Kulanui ʻo Benemérita o Puebla, ke kikowaena no ka noiʻi a me nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma ka Social Anthropology a me ka General Archive o ka Nation.
Me ka pau ʻana o kēia papahana, ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o kahi facsimile, ua hiki ke hoʻopakele ʻia nā hōʻike pictographic ʻōiwi kolone e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka Tlatelolco Codex, me kahi noiʻi hoʻolauna a ke kumu ʻo Perla Valle, e wehewehe nei i ke kūlana kaiapili, politika a me nā ʻano haipule a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻāpana ʻōiwi i loko o ke kaiāulu kolone nui i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho kahiko. ʻo Columbian, ma ke ʻano politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.
ʻO ka Palapala ʻāina ʻo Coatlichan, i kālailai ʻia e ke kumu ʻo Luz María Mohar, ma muli o kona ʻano palakiko, ʻoiai me kekahi mau ʻano ʻEulopa, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he laʻana no ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ke kaila ʻōiwi a me kona hopohopo e kiʻi kiʻi i nā wahi o ka noho ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. sociopolitical a me ke kaiapuni e hoʻopuni iā lākou.
ʻO ka Yanhuitlán Codex, i aʻo ʻia e ke kumu ʻo María Teresa Sepúlveda lāua ʻo Herrera, (i paʻi pū ʻia no ka manawa mua, nā ʻāpana ʻelua i ʻike ʻia o ia mea), pili pū me nā hanana mōʻaukala a me nā hanana i kū mai ma Yanhuitlán a me kekahi mau kauhale kokoke, i ka nā manawa kolone mua ma waena o 1532 a me 1556.
ʻO ka Cozcatzín Codex, me kahi loiloi mua e ke kumu ʻo Ana Rita Valero, kahi laʻana hoʻokahi o ke ʻano kumumanaʻo o nā kolone kope, he moʻolelo, moʻokūʻauhau, hoʻokele waiwai a me nā astronomical-astrological ʻike. ʻO ia kahi kumuwaiwai Tenochca maʻamau e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e ka wehewehe kikoʻī o ke "kaua kīwila" ma waena o ka Mexico: Tenochcas a me Tlatelolcas, me kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole no ka hope.
ʻO ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Cuauhtinchan helu 4, i kālailai ʻia e ke kumu ʻo Keiko Yoneda, ʻo ia paha ka hōʻike kiʻi kaha kiʻi nui loa o ʻEulopa o ia wahi, kahi wahi kūpono e pili ana i ka waiwai o nā hōʻike pictographic kolone a me nā palapala. ʻO kāna kumu nui e kuhikuhi i nā palena ma waena o Cuauhtinchan a me nā manors pre-Hispanic kahiko e pili ana, a me Ia, a laila e puka mai ana, ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Puebla de los Ángeles. ʻO ka materialization o ka papahana Mesoamerican codices edition, pono ia e koi iā ia, e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana pū ʻana o waena o nā hui a me ka pono no ka hana interdisciplinary, no ka hoʻopakele pono ʻana i kēlā palapala kākau, pictographic a me ka hoʻomanaʻo pepa, kumu no ka kūkulu hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o nā lāhui ʻōiwi e komo ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kaiāulu kolone, nona nā mamo e hana nei i nā ʻāpana nui o kēia Mekiko, ʻo ka mea pōmaikaʻi, e like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ka lāhui a me ka moʻomeheu.
Puna: Mekiko i ka Manawa Helu 8 ʻAukake-Kepakemapa 1995
