Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Baja Kaleponi Sur ka Sierra de San Francisco, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kiʻi ana o ke ana. E ʻike iā lākou!
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Baja Kaleponi Sur aia ka Sierra de Kapalakiko, kahua kahi o kekahi o nā nukelea o kiʻi pena nui kēlā ma kēia wahi.
ʻO kēia kahi, me ka maʻalahi o ka maʻalahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hauʻoli a nā ʻano mural like ʻole ana aia nō i ke kūlana maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoihoi o ke kipa ʻana i kahi wahi kaʻawale ʻaʻole wale ia ma ka moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hanohano o ka wā kahiko, akā i ka hoʻomoe ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kahi panalāʻau e ʻike ʻia ka nani a me ka nani o ka ʻāina.
ʻO San Francisco de la Sierra he 37 km mai ke ala nui helu ʻekahi ma Baja Kaleponi a 80 km mai ke kaona ʻo San Ignacio. Ma laila ʻoe e ʻike ai i ka mea i wehe aʻe nei Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kūloko o San Ignacio a me ka National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), kahi i ʻae ʻia ai nā ʻae kūpono e kipa aku ai iā Sierra de San Francisco a hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau e kiʻi i ke alakaʻi a me nā holoholona e pono ai e kipa i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hale hōʻikeʻike, kahi i loaʻa ai iaʻu ka hapa nui o ka ʻike no kēia hōʻike, ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi hana i mālama ʻia no kekahi mau makahiki, ma nā mural ana o ke ana a me ke ola o kā lākou mau luna hoʻokō. Hōʻike ia i nā kiʻi like ʻole o nā kiʻi pena a me kahi, a hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou loa e pili ana i nā papahana archaeological e hana ʻia nei i kēia lā. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu-dimensional, i ka pālākiō, o kekahi o nā mural i nā kuahiwi, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike i ke kiʻi maoli o nā kiʻi pena i ke ola o kā lākou mea kākau. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kipa aku i kēia hale hōʻikeʻike e hoʻomaopopo pono ai i ka wahi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka huakaʻi.
Ke haʻalele nei iā San Ignacio me ka ʻae kūpono, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i kāu kaʻa ponoʻī no ka mea ʻaʻohe halihali lehulehu i Kapalakiko, a ʻo ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kahi pilikino hiki ke uku ʻia. ʻAʻole ala ke alanui i Kapalakiko a paʻa pinepine i nā kūlana paʻakikī ma hope o ka ua, no laila he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hoʻohana i kahi kaʻa kūpono no kēia ʻano ʻāina.
ʻO ka hoʻololi mālie mai ka pāpū a ka sierra he nani ia. I ka wā piʻi e hiki ke ʻike ke awāwa nui o ka Vizcaíno e moe ana a hiki i nā pā paʻakai nui, e pili ana i ka Moana Pākīpika. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi aʻe, mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kahakaha polū ʻo ia ke Kai o Cortez.
ʻO ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Kapalakiko ka wahi hope loa e kūʻai i nā meaʻai, akā he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hana i kēia ma San Ignacio no nā kumu kumu kūʻai a me nā hui. Pono ia e lawe mai i ka wai ʻōmole ʻoiai he mea makaʻu ʻole ke inu i ka wai e kahe ana i loko o nā kahawai.
Aia ma Kapalakiko, kau ʻia ma luna o kahi hoki, hoʻomaka ka piʻi mālie a me ka iho ʻana o nā kahawai i ka puʻuwai o nā kuahiwi kahi e waiho ai nā kiʻi pena. ʻO kēia pūʻulu pae mauna kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i ʻike ʻia ʻo Central Desert. Hoʻololi mau ke ala, hoʻololi i waena o nā pāpū, nā papu, nā awawa a me nā awawa. ʻO nā mea kanu, i hana nui ʻia e nā ʻano cacti he nui loa, e loli i kahi ala hoihoi loa ke hiki aku kekahi i ka lalo o nā awawa kahi kahi mea ʻokoʻa loa e ʻoluʻolu i ka wai o nā kahawai intermittent. Ma aneʻi, pili liʻiliʻi nā lāʻau pāma i ka lā nui a hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kumulāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau e lawe pono ana i ka wai liʻiliʻi e ola nei.
Ma hope o ʻelima mau hola o ka hele wāwae hiki ʻoe i ka San Gregorio Ranch kahi e noho ai ʻohana ʻoluʻolu a maikaʻi. I ko lākou noho lōʻihi ʻana ma laila, ua hoʻomohala lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohawai wai paʻakikī kahi i hana ai lākou i nā mea kanu maikaʻi e hāʻawi i kahi hale ʻoluʻolu i nā maka luhi mai ka ʻāina wao akua mau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka wai e holo ana ma nā kahawai like ʻole a honi i ka honua pulu. Ke hele wāwae nei ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻalani, ʻoma, peach, manga, pomeraite a me nā lāʻau fiku. Aia pū kekahi me nā ʻanoʻano a me nā legume.
ʻO ka hele hou aku i ke kuahiwi a i koʻu ʻike ʻana i nā mural, ua hoʻāʻo wau e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ke ola o kēlā poʻe kamaʻāina pohihihi, ka mea i waiho i kahi kaha pau ʻole i kā lākou ʻike o ka honua. Ma kekahi ʻano, ua wehewehe mai ka nani o kēia wahi a me kona ʻano kupaianaha iaʻu, me ko lākou hāmau, ka mahalo a me ka launa pū ʻana o ka poʻe kamaʻāina kahiko me ko lākou kaiapuni a ua ʻike lākou me ka hana nui i kā lākou kiʻi pena kupaianaha.
KA MANAWA
ʻO kēia ʻāina noho ʻia e ka poʻe o ka ʻōlelo Cochimí, no ka ʻohana Yumana. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i nā pā i hana ʻia e 20 a 50 mau ʻohana a hui pū lākou ma waena o 50 a 200 lālā. Hana nā wahine a me nā keiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻai a me nā kāne i ka nui loa i ka hopu holoholona. Noho ke alakaʻi o ka hui i kahi ʻelemakule, ka cacique, ʻoiai he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka wahine i ka ʻohana a me ka hoʻonohonoho male. Aia kekahi shaman a guama paha nāna e kuhikuhi i nā hana a me nā kaʻina o ka ʻohana. ʻO ka pinepine ke aliʻi a me ka shaman ka mea like. I nā wā nui o ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā wahi noho o kahi ʻāina e hoʻohana pono ai i nā kumu waiwai kakaikahi, a ke nui kēia mau mea a hoʻonui ʻia nā waihona wai, ʻākoakoa nā ʻohana e hoʻomohala i nā hana ola. nā hana a me nā hana.
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka sierra me kahi nohona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka nui o nā wahi ʻāina i hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi wahi kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano nui o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, i ʻae i ka noho ʻana o nā hui nomadic mai ka ʻākau i waiho ʻia ma laila. a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā mikionali Jesuit, ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 17. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia mau pūʻulu no ka hopu holoholona, ʻohiʻohi ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana, a pono e neʻe ma waena o nā wahi kaiāulu like ʻole e like me ka pōʻaiapili o ka makahiki, e ʻimi no ka meaʻai, nā mea maka a me ka wai. No laila, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūpono no ko lākou ola ʻana i koi ʻia i kahi ʻike hohonu o ke kaiapuni e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i nā kau i makemake nui ʻia e noho i kekahi wahi.
NA PALAPALA HUA
Ma o nā anamanaʻo like ʻole o nā mea i loaʻa, me ka pigment i loko o nā kiʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia ua noho ʻia ia wahi no nā makahiki he 10,000 a ua hoʻomaka ka maʻamau o ka pena ʻana ma luna o ka pōhaku i 4,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei a hoʻomau ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 1650, ke pau ia. i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā mikionali Sepania. He mea hoihoi loa ia ʻaʻole i kāohi ʻia ke kaila o ka pena i nā loli nui i kahi manawa lōʻihi.
Ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa Hōʻike kēia mau pena ana i nā kiʻi like ʻole o nā holoholona terrestrial a me nā kai, a me nā kiʻi kanaka. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole, nā nui, nā waihoʻoluʻu, a me kā lākou hui ʻana. ʻO nā holoholona ʻāina, i hōʻike ʻia i nā kūlana paʻa a neʻe hoʻi, e komo pū me nā nāhesa, nā bea, nā manu, nā pumas, nā dia a me nā hipa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o ke ola kai e like me ke koholā, nā kuhukukū, nā kukuna manta, nā liona kai a me nā iʻa. Ke hoʻokumu nā holoholona i ka moho waena o kahi mural, he kekona nā kiʻi kanaka a ʻike sporadically ma hope.
Ke kikowaena o nā kiʻi a ke kanaka moe lākou i kahi kūlana kū i mua a alo i mua, me nā wāwae e kuhikuhi ana i lalo a i waho, hoʻolōʻihi nā lima i luna a helehelena ke poʻo.
ʻO ka nā kiʻi wahine ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ka mea he "umauma" lākou ma lalo o nā ʻāpana lima. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻonani ʻia kekahi o lākou i ka mea a ka Iesaio mua i ʻike ai ma ke ʻano he ʻano plume i hoʻohana ʻia e nā aliʻi a me nā shamans o nā hui. Hōʻike ka superposition o nā kiʻi i ka hana ʻana o nā mural i kēlā me kēia manawa.
KA HOOPAU ANA I KA PAINI RUPESTRES
Hiki paha i ka hōʻuluʻulu kau (kahi i kū i ka wā ua, ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ke kau mua, a ʻo ia ka manawa i alakaʻi ʻia ai nā hana a me nā hana a ke kaiāulu), ʻo ia ka manawa maopopo a kūpono hoʻi no ka hana o nā kiʻi, i hoʻokani i ke kuleana nui i ke ola o ka hui, a nāna i hānai i kona pilina, ka hana hou a me ke kaulike. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou pilina pili loa me ke kūlohelohe, he mea nō paha ia ʻo ka papa pōhaku i mea no lākou e hōʻike ai i ko lākou ʻike i ka honua a lākou i noho ai.
ʻO ka pālākiō a me ka pālākiō lehulehu o nā mural, a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā hale pohaku kahi e pena ʻia ai kekahi o lākou, e kamaʻilio mai iā mākou no ka laulima a me ka hana like ʻana o ka ʻohana e hoʻokō i nā hana like ʻole, mai ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā pigment a me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka scaffolding, a hiki i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā kiʻi pena. Maliʻa paha ua hana ʻia kēia mau hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a me ka nānā ʻana o ka shaman, e like me ka hihia ma waena o nā hui ʻimi ʻāhiu holoholona ma United States.
ʻO ka nui o nā kiʻi ana o kēia ana o kēia mokuʻāina ʻo Baja Kaleponi Sur hanana me kahi pae o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī i loaʻa ma waena o nā kaiāulu hahai holoholona. No kēia kumu, i ka ʻike ʻia o nā hoʻoilina moʻomeheu nui i loaʻa ma aneʻi, i Kēkēmapa 1993, ua hoʻolaha ʻo UNESCO i ka Sierra de San Francisco he World Heritage Site.
Inā hele ʻoe i SAN IGNACIO
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele ma laila mai ensenada a i ʻole Loreto. Hana ʻia nā ala ʻelua e ke ala nui helu 1 (transpeninsular) A: kekahi ma ka hema a ʻo kekahi ma ka ʻākau. ʻO ka manawa mai Ensenada ma kahi o 10 mau hola a mai Loreto iki iki.
Ma San Ignacio aia ka hale hōʻikeʻike a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi e ʻai ai, akā ʻaʻohe hale hoʻokipa, no laila hoʻomanaʻo mākou iā ʻoe e mākaukau maikaʻi.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia ia ma kēia pūnaewele kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā ala e hoʻonohonoho ai i kāu huakaʻi.
Inā hōʻea ʻoe i La Paz, i ka ʻatikala aia kahi memo o ka mea e huli e hoʻonohonoho i ka huakaʻi.
