Ua hoʻomaka ia a pau i kēlā lā i Iulai 1546 i ko lākou hōʻea ʻana i nā keʻena o ka mea lanakila ʻo Cristóbal de Oñate.
ʻO kahi India Tlaxcala kahiko, mai ka mea hoʻokipa o Nuño de Guzmán, me kāna calzoneras i hana ʻia e ka de ba bazilla, kona lākeke slang a me kāna "houndstooth" huarach, a me kahi Zacatecan India e kau wale ana i kahi ʻili poʻo o squirrel, e hoʻolaʻa i nā kuʻina o kona lauoho lauoho a lōʻihi, a me kahi paʻa o nā mea hele ʻiliʻili coyote maka e uhi ana i kona mau wāwae mai nā kuli a hiki i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae e pale aku iā lākou mai nā kākalaioa momi a me nā niho nāhesa. , me ka hōʻike ʻia o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kona kino wīwī a wīwī hoʻi, ma ke aloha o ke anuanu āpau a me nā maka a pau, koe wale no kahi ʻāʻī o ke kua i ʻike ʻole ʻia, no ka mea, hāpai ʻo ia i kahi ʻūlū lōʻihi ma kona poʻohiwi. piha i nā pua o ka lōʻihi laha ʻole e lawelawe me ke kakaka kokoke ʻekolu iari ke kiʻekiʻe i hāpai ai ʻo ia i kona lima hema, e hilinaʻi ana iā ia me he kekeʻe lā, a i kona lima ʻākau kahi envelope āna i wehe aʻe ai ma ka pākaukau ʻo Oñate, e hōʻike ana i mua o nā maka o ka lanakila istador kekahi mau laʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kālā sulfide a i ʻole carbonate.
Ma mua o ka mākaʻikaʻi, ua hoʻomālamalama nā maka o ka mea naʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e lilo i kiaʻāina no ke Aupuni New Galicia a me ka mea waiwai a koʻikoʻi hoʻi o nā mea noho ʻehā o ka noho mua o Zacatecas, kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai lākou. me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole ʻO Kāpena Don Juan de Tolosa, ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Barba longa" a me kāna hoaloha aloha ʻo Diego de Ibarra, ke kāne o ke kaikamahine a ka ʻelele mua o Mekiko, ma ka hui o kekahi franciscan Francis i kapa ʻia ʻo Jerónimo de Mendoza, a kaulana pū kekahi me kāna ʻāʻopaʻopa aposetole a no ke kaikaina o ka hope.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā pōhaku o ka ʻōlohelohe India, ke "hoʻomaʻamaʻa", e like me nā mōʻaukala o kēia wā, i "hapalua pōhaku a me ka hapalua kālā", kahi mea i hiki i kekahi mea minia ke hoʻolei, i kēlā mau makahiki a hiki i kēia lā, i ka makaʻu loa. huakaʻi, a, ʻoiai, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Barba longa, Ibarra a me Fray Jerónimo e hele i ka ʻākau a huakaʻi i nā mile he ʻekolu haneli, i helu maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Guadalajara mai Nochistlán me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Zacatecas ma hope.
Ua hōʻea lākou i ka wawae o ka puʻu Buía, ma waenakonu o nā kuahiwi i uhi ʻia me nā pine, nā ʻoka a me nā ʻoka, e like me ka mea hele wāwae ʻo Bishop De la Mota y Escobar, ua hoʻoinu ʻia e nā wai pinepine e hele mai e hu i ke kahawai ma lalo. mai ke awāwa (i kapa ʻia ʻo Arroyo de la Plata) a ma laila lākou i hoʻomoana ai me ka Indian olohelohe, kāna hoa a me kekahi mau koa liʻiliʻi a me nā hoa aloha ʻInia e hoʻomaka i ka ʻimi e loaʻa ana ka nui o ke kālā i nā kenekulia ʻehā e like me ka paradigmatic « cerro colorado »o Potosí, Bolivia.
ʻAʻole kahi noho, ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i kauhale, kahi a ʻaʻole pū kahi "maoli" a i ʻole kahi hoʻomoana no ka mea ua loaʻa nā maina a me nā mea e kū koke ana ma kahi mamao ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau kilomita, mai ka mea i kēia manawa ke kaona ʻo Pánuco a hiki i Cerro del Padre.
Ua ulu ka hoihoi e like me ke ahi ahi, a i ka hopena o 1547 kau ʻo Ibarra i ka pōhaku mua o kahi paʻa e pale aku iā ia iho i nā Indians, ʻoiai lākou i loaʻa mua iā lākou me ka maluhia, ma hope koke iho o ko lākou hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻopilikia iā lākou, me ka hoʻōho nui ʻana i ka pō āpau.
ʻOiai ʻo Tolosa e hoʻomau ana i ka ʻākau i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā aa kālā, akā me nā aupuni kaʻao o ka ʻAmona, nā kūlanakauhale ʻehiku o Cíbola, ʻo El Dorado a i ʻole ka punawai o nā ʻōpio mau, ua noho wikiwiki ʻia kahi e kahi E noi i nā mea hoʻolaha e makemake nui i nā uaua kālā a me nā huakaʻi.
Ma kahi manawa pōkole ma hope, ma 1583, ua lanakila ka mea lanakila Baltazar Temiño de Bañuelos, ua ʻelemakule a noho mau ma ia wahi, e hāʻawi ʻia iā King Felipe II ka inoa o ke kūlanakauhale i kēlā mau lima o nā hale, pili i nā mines he nui, no ka mea aia kekahi mau mea i hoʻāpono iā ia.
ʻO ia hoʻi, kēlā ipuhao lōʻihi a hewa hoʻi, mai nā lā mua i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻolapalapa mai ka hana ikaika, a me nā huʻa o ka uahi i hāʻawi ʻia nā "umu Castilian" e pili kokoke ana i kēlā me kēia o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi. i ka manawa like ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā hihia he nui o "vaturing vat" a puni lākou, no ka mea, he mau waha nui nā kapuahi umu ahi i nā manawa āpau, kahi o nā kumu lāʻau i lilo i lehu; no laila, i ka makahiki 1602, ka makahiki a Bishop De la Mota i kipa aku ai i ke kūlanakauhale, haʻi mai ka prelate iā mākou aia wale nō kekahi mau insole ʻili i waiho ʻia ma kahi o kekahi mau makahiki ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lau.
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻohe ona poʻo inoa, ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia ʻo "nā mines o ka Zacatecas a i ʻole nā mines o ko mākou Lede o nā Remedies o ka Zacatecas", ua ʻākoakoa a puni kāna pālū, kahi halepule adobe liʻiliʻi me hoʻokahi wale nō Kākoʻo kēia moku, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia, e ka mea lanakila ʻo Temiño de Bañuelos no ka Cabildo e hele e hoʻoponopono i ke kāʻei maikaʻi a Father Melo, mai ma mua o 1550, ua ʻākoakoa nā poʻe pule e hoʻolohe i kāna lehulehu a i ʻole hele nā hoʻolewa o nā mea i pepehi ʻia e nā Chichimecas, Zacatecas, Guachichiles, Tepeguanes a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, i ka wā i kī ʻia ai lākou i kahi hoʻohālua a nā Indians i mālama ai iā lākou ma nā ala ʻoʻoleʻa loa o ke Alanui Silver, ua wehe wale ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale Imperial o Mexico. e ka wahine male Estrada. Ua wehe ʻia kēia ala no ka lawe ʻana o nā ʻeke a ma hope ua hoʻoponopono ʻia e Bless Sebastián de Aparicio no nā kaʻa mule a me nā kaʻa bipi i huki ʻia i ka hau e "alakaʻi" ai ke kālā i nā pahu viceregal, me kahi huakaʻi liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe i lilo i lehulehu. a hana i ka hoʻi ʻana o kēlā me kēia kaʻa o nā kaʻa i hele mai me ka piha o nā miners, nā mea kālepa, nā mea hana lima a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i hele mai e hana i kahi kaiāulu heterogeneous. Mai kēia kūlanakauhale kūlohelohe, e like me ka helu i lawe ʻia e ka mea mākaʻikaʻi Royal Hernán Martínez de la Marcha, ka luna kānāwai ma Compostela a me Guadalajara, nā mea e pili ana nā kānāwai mua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hana ma waena o nā mea miners, ua ala aʻe, a e kokoke paha e puka. , 'Amelika mau miliona miliona poʻokela. A e hele pū kekahi me nā ʻeleʻele Angolan, nā Indians kauā, a me nā Indians i makemake ʻia, pono ʻole, "Naborios" Indians, i hele mai no kahi uku a i ʻole e loaʻa i kā lākou ʻāpana o ka ahu o nā mineral waiwai nui i kēlā me kēia pule.
ʻO ka hui motley a me ka hui nui o nā kāne a i ʻole nā kāne male i haʻalele i kā lākou wahine ma Sepania a i ke kapitala, a mahalo, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo me de la Marcha, i kēlā lima i lilo koke i lehulehu, ʻaʻohe mea hou aʻe. kahi wahine me kāna kāne, kahi a mākou e manaʻo ai he nui ka poʻe, ʻoiai nā pilikia o nā ala, hele mai iā Zacatecas e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻoihana kahiko loa ma ka honua.
Kūkulu ke kūlanakauhale me nā piʻi a me nā lalo i ka kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku, a i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu ʻo La Parroquia a me nā luakini hanohano e kaena nei i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kona ʻano kaiāulu, a i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hopena o ke kenekulia a hānau ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ke kūlanakauhale ua lawe ia i ka hiʻona a mākou i ʻike ai i kēia manawa, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā hale he nui i hoʻololi i ko lākou alo i loko o ke kenekulia. ʻO ke keaka, ka mākeke ʻo González Ortega a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i kūkulu ʻia. I ke kenekulia 20, a hiki i ka Revolution, ke piʻi nei kāna hana hoʻokele a me ka holomua o kāna mau wahi o ka pōmaikaʻi pilikino. A laila hāʻule ia i loko o kahi lethargy i hoʻolilo iā ia i kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi a aia ia a hiki i 1964, i ka wā ʻo José Rodríguez Elías ke kiaʻāina, i hoʻomaka ai kona hānau hou ʻana, a hiki i kēia lā ke ʻike ʻo UNESCO i kāna waiwai a hoʻonani ʻia me ka inoa. ʻO ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o ke kanaka, ke waiho nei i ka lima o ka Zacatecans ka hoʻohiki nui e mālama pono iā ia a e ʻike ʻia e like me ka hiki.
