Hānau ʻia ma Pátzcuaro i ka makahiki 1908, me ka huki ʻana he 92 mau makahiki, he mea pena kiʻi, mea kahakaha a me nā mea kālai kiʻi, ʻo Alfredo Zalce kekahi o nā mea hōʻike hope loa o ke Kula Mekiko ʻo Mekiko.
Hānau ʻia ma Pátzcuaro i ka makahiki 1908, me ka huki ʻana he 92 mau makahiki, he mea pena kiʻi, mea kahakaha a me nā mea kālai kiʻi, ʻo Alfredo Zalce kekahi o nā mea hōʻike hope loa o ke Kula Mekiko ʻo Mekiko.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he haumāna ma ka Academia de San Carlos ma Mekiko, a i ka makahiki he iwakālua i loaʻa iā ia kona ʻike mua ma Seville. Nui ka hana a Zalce i nā kiʻi o nā hanana o kēlā me kēia lā, o ka miscegenation, a me nā hakakā demokratika o ka poʻe Mexico. Ua wehewehe ʻo Luis Cardoza y Aragón e like me kēia: "Ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o kā Zalce hana, ʻike mākou i kona maikaʻi, kāna hoʻoponopono ʻana a me kāna kūlike ʻole", kahi kūlike ʻole e pili ana i kāna kūpaʻa pili paʻa.
Ma ke ʻano he mea ʻimi kaʻawale kaʻawale, me ka hoihoi o ka ʻepekema, ua hoʻokokoke ʻo Zalce i ka pena me nā hoʻomanaʻo o kona wā ʻōpio, i lilo i ke kaona ʻo Tacubaya, ma ka lihi o ke kūlanakauhale i ka 1920.
“He mea paʻi kiʻi koʻu mau mākua. Mai koʻu wā kamaliʻi ua hana wau i ke paʻi kiʻi. Ua make ʻōpio koʻu makuakāne, a ma ka ʻumikūmāhā makahiki ua lilo wau i poʻo no ka ʻohana. Ke aʻo nei koʻu kaikunāne i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole ʻo ia makemake iaʻu e hoʻopaʻa i ka pena no ka mea pōloli nā mea pena. No laila he mea pono wau e hana ma ke ʻano he mea paʻi kiʻi. I ka pau ʻana o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua hana au i kuʻikahi me koʻu makuahine a haʻi aku iā ia: "E paʻi ʻoe i nā kiʻi a e aʻo ana wau ma ke kula." Pono wau e hele wāwae mai koʻu hale a i ke kula, ʻehā manawa i ka lā. He hola o ka hele wāwae. Ua hānau ʻia au ma Pátzcuaro, akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Revolution ua nui nā ʻohana i puʻuhonua ma Mexico City. A laila noho wau ma Tacubaya, kahi kūlanakauhale nani i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kapitala, ʻo kēia kahi kaiāulu weliweli a no laila ʻaʻole wau makemake e hele hou i Mekiko. ʻO nā mea nani a pau i hōʻino ʻia ”.
Ma 1950 Zalce hoʻoneʻe i kāna hale hana i Morelia, ke kūlanakauhale kahi āna e noho nei a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO kahi mea hana nui, ʻimi ʻo ia e hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana āpau i kāna hana palekiko: kaha kiʻi, pena wai, lithography, ke kahakaha ʻana i nā pale, ka lāʻau, ka linoleum, a me ka aila a me ka pena fresco.
“ʻO Diego Rivera kaʻu kumu ma San Carlos no hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kekahi mau haʻiʻōlelo i kōkua nui iaʻu. Ua hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi kona mana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pena mural ma Mekiko, me kahi ʻano pilikanaka hohonu loa ".
ʻOiai ua wehewehe ʻo ia e noho mau ka pena mural ma Mekiko, aia ia i ka 1920, i ke aupuni o Álvaro Obregón, i ka wā i hoʻi mai ai ʻo Rivera mai ʻEulopa e ʻōlelo "e like me ka makemake o ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻāina, makemake nā mea pena kiʻi i nā paia e wehewehe i ka kipi." .
Ua hala ka manawa a ʻoiai e hoʻomau ʻo Zalce i ka pena ʻana, haʻalele ʻole kona mau lima i ke kiʻekiʻe; Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia e pena aku i ka huʻi a me ka hanohano ʻoiai ʻo kona wā ʻelemakule a me nā maʻi i loʻohia iā ia: "e like me kāu e noʻonoʻo ai, ua piha kaʻu mau mea huki i nā lāʻau e hiki ai iaʻu ke hāʻawi aku ma o ke kūʻai hale kaʻa," wahi āna me ka minoʻaka .
Hoʻomaopopo loa ke kanakolukū kāne i ke kāne, ka mea pena kiʻi. Ua komo ikaika ʻo Zalce i nā hakakā kaiapili o kēlā manawa: he lālā hoʻokumu ʻo ia o ka League of Revolutionary Writers and Artists i 1933. E like me ka 1937 ʻo ia kekahi o ka hanauna mua o nā mea pena kiʻi ma ka Taller de la Gráfica Popular, nāna i hāpai ka hana hou ʻana o nā kiʻi Mekiko a me ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻokolokolo. I ka makahiki 1944 ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i polopeka pena ma ka National School of pena "La Esmeralda", a ma 1948 ka National Institute of Fine Arts i hoʻonohonoho i kahi nānā nui o kāna hana, a ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi i nā hale hōʻikeʻike nui o ʻEulopa, United. ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻAmelika Hema a me ka Caribbean, a he ʻāpana ia o nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino nui.
I ka makahiki 1995, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hoʻokahakaha hoʻohanohano ma ka Museum of Contemporary Art of Morelia, nona ka inoa, a ma ka Museum of the People of Guanajuato a ma ka National Room of the Museum of the Palace of Fine Arts ma Mexico City. Mai ka mural a i ka batik, mai ke kālai ʻana a me ka lithography i ka aila, mai ke keramika i ke kiʻi a me ka duco a i ka tapestry, i waena o nā hana ʻē aʻe, he mosaic nui kēia hōʻikeʻike o ka hana nui a me ka hana nui a ka haku Alfredo Zalce. Na ke Akua e mālama iā ia no nā makahiki hou aku!
Puna: Aeroméxico Kōkua Nūhou 17 Michoacán / Fall 2000
