He ʻāina ʻo Mekiko me ka waiwai maoli a paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ke manaʻoʻiʻo; ʻO kahi laʻana, he kanalima mau minuke wale nō ma ke ala e hele aku ai mai ke aniau me ka hau mau, i nā kahawai, me nā mea kanu lau nahele.
ʻO kēia ʻano maikaʻi o nā aniau, nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu e noho ana i ko mākou ʻāina ma muli o nā kumu ʻelua: ʻo ka mea mua, no ka mea aia ko mākou ʻāina i kahi wahi hoʻololi ma waena o nā wahi wela a me nā wao akua o ka honua. ʻO ka lua, he ʻāina kūpilikiʻi loa ʻo Mekiko, no laila ʻo kēlā me kēia kiʻekiʻe, kēlā me kēia awāwa, mauna a i ʻole ke awāwa e hōʻike i nā kūlana microclimatic kū hoʻokahi, kahi e paipai ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano kaiaolaola, mai nā ululāʻau tropical i nā wao akua a me nā papu a me nā ululāʻau hanohano. konifili; Hāʻawi kēia mau mea āpau, me ke kanalua ʻole, e hoʻokumu i ka mea nui o ko mākou lāhui nani.
He ʻāina ʻo Mekiko me ka waiwai maoli a paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ke manaʻoʻiʻo; ʻO kahi laʻana, he kanalima mau minuke wale nō ma ke ala e hele aku ai mai kahi aniau me ka hau mau, i nā tropika, me nā mea kanu lau nahele. ʻO kēia ʻano maikaʻi o nā aniau, nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu e noho ana i ko mākou ʻāina ma muli o nā kumu ʻelua: ʻo ka mea mua, no ka mea aia ko mākou ʻāina i kahi wahi hoʻololi ma waena o nā wahi wela a me nā wao akua o ka honua. ʻO ka lua, he ʻāina kūpilikiʻi loa ʻo Mekiko, no laila kēlā me kēia kiʻekiʻe, kēlā me kēia awāwa, mauna a i ʻole ke awāwa e hōʻike i nā kūlana microclimatic kūikawā, kahi e paipai ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano kaiaolaola, mai nā ululāʻau tropical i nā wao nahele a me nā papu a me nā ululāʻau hanohano. konifili; Hāʻawi kēia mau mea āpau, me ke kanalua ʻole, e hoʻokumu i ka mea nui o ko mākou lāhui nani.
Ululaau ua
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka nahele ulu lāʻau, ka ululāʻau mauʻu a i ʻole ulu ulu mau loa, ʻo ia ka kaiaolaola honua me ka biodiversity ʻoi loa ma ka honua, ʻoiai ma hoʻokahi kilomika kilomika hiki ke loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona ma mua o nā home o nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa.
Mahalo i nā kūlana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana ma luna o 22 ° C e kū nei ma ka awelika o ka ululāʻau, a ma kahi kiʻekiʻe e piʻi ana ma waena o ka ʻilikai a me 1,200 m, kahi nui kupaianaha a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu, nā meaʻai no ka nui o nā holoholona, fungi, bacteria a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ke ola e noho nei i kahi ulu lāʻau.
ʻO ka hele ʻana i ka ululāʻau kahi ʻano ʻē. ʻO kahi hele wāwae ma waena o ka nahele ulu e mālama i nā mea kahaha he nui no mākou, a ʻae iā mākou, no ka laʻana, e mahalo i nā kumulāʻau o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe he haneli, e hāʻawi ana i ka manaʻo e hoʻopā i ka lani; i nā manawa āpau lohe ʻia nā walaʻau, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻūlū a me ke mele o nā manu he mau tausani e noho ana i nā kalaunu. Hāʻawi like kēia mau mea āpau iā mākou i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka manaʻo e hoʻopuni ʻia mākou e ke ola.
Kahi: Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla a me San Luis Potosí.
Wao nahele Deciduous
ʻIʻike ʻia hoʻi ma kahi ulu lāʻau deciduous tropical, ʻo ka waoakua haʻahaʻa kahi kaiaolaola me nā meaola nui. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia mai ka ʻilikai a i ka 1,900 m o ke kiʻekiʻe, a hui pinepine ʻia me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ululāʻau kiʻekiʻe, keu hoʻi i nā awawa. He ʻano mehana kona i loko o ka makahiki, a ʻo ke kau maloʻo e kū ʻole i nā lāʻau i kahi kiʻekiʻe a nalowale ka lau, no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai. ʻIke ʻia mai kahi mamao aku, ʻoluʻolu kēia kaiaolaola iā mākou me kona kani melemele, ʻōlena a me nā ʻulaʻula, a me nā greens a me nā aka e like me nā ʻano lāʻau e noho ana i loko. Ke liʻiliʻi ka ʻano o nā kumulāʻau a me nā laha me nā kākalaioa, ua kapa ʻia ia he nahele ʻoʻoi.
I ka nahele haʻahaʻa hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano zoological nui i hoʻololi ʻia i ka nele o ka ua i loko o nā mahina ʻehā a ʻeono paha o ka wai haʻahaʻa; Pēlā mākou e ʻike ai i nā ʻano manu like ʻole, nā māmala, nā mea kolo, nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians, me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ke ʻano o nā kaiaolaola āpau, pono e hoʻomanawanui iki a me kahi ʻano o ka nānā ʻana e hiki ai ke mahalo i ko lākou ʻano a me nā kala. .
Kahi: Yucatán, Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán, Morelos, State of Mexico, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Durango, Chihuahua, Sonora, Zacatecas, Baja California Sur a me Tamaulipas.
ʻŪhā Xerophilous
ʻO ka scruber xerophilous ka kaiaolaola i nui loa i ko mākou Repubalika, no ka mea ma muli o nā kūlana o ka ua haʻahaʻa e kū ana ma ka hapa nui o kā mākou panalāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻākau, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kaiaolaola i nā wahi nui. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he wao akua. ʻO ka xerophilous scrub kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi, i haku ʻia i nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kau maloʻo, e like me ka cacti, agaves a me nā laʻalāʻau liʻiliʻi me nā kākalaioa, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi ʻano kūikawā. I loko nō o kēia lahilahi, loaʻa iā ia ka nui o nā ʻano holoholona, e like me nā nahesa, nā iguanas, nā ʻeleka, nā arachnids, nā moʻo huelo ʻawa, nā manu, a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole e hiki ke noho i nā wahi me ka wai ʻole.
Aia nā ʻano scrub like ʻole, e like me nā mea kanu nui, e like me ka scrub rosetofilo, i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā magueys o nā kinona a me nā nui, a i ʻole ka scrub kahi e nui ai ka cacti, me nā mea nui, e lele haʻaheo nei i ka lani.
Wahi: Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Sonora, Baja California Sur a me Baja Kaleponi.
Mauʻu
Ma Mekiko ʻike ʻia nā ʻāina mauʻu ʻo zacatales. Hoʻolālā lākou ma waena o 1100 a me 2 500 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai a ulu i nā pālahalaha ʻaneʻane ʻokoʻa (me ka ʻokoʻa o nā zacatales e kū nei ma nā pali o nā kuahiwi nui), nona nā mea kanu ulu nui o nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana mauʻu. , ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mauʻu, lawelawe i nā meaʻai no ka nui o nā mea kanu o nā mea ulu, e like me nā mea kolo, nā hares a me nā meheu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he rula, noho nā ʻāina mauʻu i nā wahi me ka ua liʻiliʻi a i ʻole me ke kau maloʻo loa, i ka manawa like me ke aniau anuanu. No ka mea hiki i nā mauʻu mauʻu ke loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, e like me nā laʻalāʻau, kuhi hewa pinepine ʻia lākou no nā laʻalāʻau.
Kahi: Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Durango a me Chihuahua.
ʻO Bosques de EncinoMexico kahi ʻāina waiwai nui i nā wahi ulu lāʻau, a ʻo ka ulu lāʻau ʻoka kahi hapa nui o nā mea i kū i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO kēia kaiaolaola, i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ʻoka a i ʻole nā ʻoka, he kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe, me nā lāʻau mai 3 a i ʻole 4 m kiʻekiʻe a i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o 20 m. Hoʻomanaʻo ka ulu lāʻau ʻoka Mekiko i nā ululāʻau nui o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoiai e lilo ana kēia mau lāʻau i nā lau i nā manawa maikaʻi ʻole, e pena ana i ka ʻāina me nā ʻano kala like ʻole o nā "lūlū", ʻoiai ka lilo o nā lau i kā mākou ʻāina. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻoka e hoʻomohala ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 1,500 a me 2,800 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai, me kahi aniau e hōʻike ana i nā ua a nui a liʻiliʻi paha akā me kahi kau maloʻo, ʻaʻole ia e pale i nā laʻalāʻau, nā limu, nā laikini a me ka noho pū ʻana i ka nahele. me nā mea kanu epiphytic e like me ka mauʻu a me nā orchids. Nui loa ka holoholona, me ka helu nui o nā māmela, nā manu a me nā mea kolo; Eia kekahi, i loko o kēia ʻano ulu lāʻau he nui nā kahawai a me nā loko liʻiliʻi i hāpai i kahi helu maikaʻi o nā wahi hoʻokipa o ka nani kū hoʻokahi.
Kahi: loaʻa ia ma loko o ka Repubalika, koe wale nō ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Yucatán, Quintana Roo a me Campeche.
ʻO ka nahele ʻo Coniferous E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, i loko o kēia kaiaolaola nā kumulāʻau e hoʻohua hou ma o nā cones a i ʻole nā "cones" ka mea nui, e like me nā pine, kedera, oyameles a me nā junipers; ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nā pine i ko mākou ʻāina, ʻoiai kokoke i 40% o ka honua āpau o kēia mau lāʻau manawaleʻa e noho nei. No kona hoʻomohala ʻana i ke aniau kūpono e pono ai, me nā ua i kahi kau i ho'ākāka ʻia, i ke kauwela, ʻo ia ke kumu e hui pū ka nahele pine me ka ulu lāʻau ʻoka, ʻoiai noho ʻelua i nā ʻano like, ʻoiai ka mua. hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā anuanu anuanu.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā lāʻau pine i ka ulu ʻana o kahi ulu ulu nui no ka mea he lepo acidic kā lākou lau, akā he ululāʻau o kēia ʻano kahi home o kahi nui o nā holoholona lōhi, e komo pū me nā mea ʻona e like me nā lāpaki a me nā rodents, nā manu, nā mea kolo a me nā ʻano laulā o nā invertebrates. Me ke kanalua ʻole, ʻo ka ululāʻau paina, a ma ka laulā ka ululāʻau coniferous, kekahi o nā kaiaolaola ʻoi loa i ko mākou ʻāina ma muli o ka hanohano o kāna mau lāʻau, ka momona o kāna holoholona a me ka ʻaʻala o ka ea i hanu ʻia ma laila.
Kahi: loaʻa ia ma loko o ka Repubalika, koe wale nō ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Yucatán, Quintana Roo a me Campeche.
ʻO ka nahele ʻo Mesophilic Mountain paha kēia o nā kaiaola ʻoi loa o ka ʻāina. Ma muli o ka nui o kona mau ʻoka a me nā kumulāʻau momona - kahi e piʻi ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 m-, a me nā kūlana o ka maʻamau mau a me ka ua nui i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, a me kona aniau aniau, uhi mau ʻia ka nahele mesophilic me ke ola: lichens, ʻO nā moʻo, nā mea kanu, nā kumulāʻau a me kahi helu kupaianaha o nā bromeliads, orchids a me nā ferns, mai nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā ferns kumu lāʻau nui o 10 a 12 m i ke kiʻekiʻe. A ʻo kāna holoholona, i loko o kēia ulu lāʻau hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā ʻano holoholona āpau: nā manu multicolored, mammal (hares, foxes, squirrels), nā mea kolo, a ʻaneʻane ʻo ke koena zoological ka nui. ʻO kēia nui a me nā ʻano o ke ola e hoʻolilo i ka nahele mesophilic mauna i wahi kupua ma ka honua.
Kahi: Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo a me San Luis Potosí.
Mangroves ʻO Mangroves kahi ʻano o ke kaiaolaola i lalo o ka wai e ulu nui ma nā kapakai o nā kai kūʻono, ma nā kahawai malu, a ma nā nuku o nā kahawai. ʻO ka mangrove kahi lāʻau ulu e ulu ana i nā wai pāpaʻu, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma 2 a 20 m paha. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hana ka mangrove i nā ulu lāʻau maoli e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o ka lana ʻana ma luna o ka wai, ʻoiai ua paʻa paʻa ko lākou aʻa i ka lepo. ʻO nā mangrove ka puʻuhonua o nā ʻano holoholona he lehulehu, mai nā ʻenuhe liʻiliʻi a me nā mollusks a i nā manu nani, kahi e hoʻolilo ai i ka mangrove i ke kaiaolaola kupaianaha a kahaha hoʻi, kokoke i kahi paradaiso honua.
Kahi: loaʻa lākou ma nā kahakai a pau o ka Repubalika, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mau.
Nā ʻākoʻakoʻa
Kaulana nā pali no kā lākou meaola ʻano kupaianaha; ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo lākou ke kaiaolaola kai me ka nui a me nā ʻano o nā meaola ola. ʻO ka pali kahi papa wai hohonu i hoʻokumu ʻia, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka calcium carbonate i lawe ʻia e miliona o nā holoholona microscopic, nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, a ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi ai i kahi pale i nā limu hiki ʻole ke helu, ʻo ka loulou mua i ka kaulaʻai e kākoʻo ana i nui o nā mea ola. ʻO ka luʻu ʻana i loko o ka ʻākoʻakoʻa kahi ʻike pio ʻole, no ka mea ua hoʻopuni ʻia ʻoe e nā iʻa miliona, e like me nā koena āpau o ka nui a me nā ʻano o ke ola e kala ana i kēia kaiaola maikaʻi.
Kahi: Loaʻa lākou i nā moku kahakai āpau, koe ʻo Baja Kaleponi, Sinaloa a me Sonora, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like ka lākou kaʻana.
