Nīnauele me Enrique Canales Santos, mea pena kiʻi Mekiko i hānau ʻia ma Monterrey, Nuevo León ma ʻOkakopa 27, 1936 a make ma Iune 19, 2007.
Mai ka manawa hea ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kou pilina me ka diabolō a me ka pena ʻana?
Ua hānau ʻia wau i loko o kekahi o ka hale ocher mauʻu ashlar hale ma waenakonu o Monterrey, i kēia manawa ʻo Macroplaza hou. ʻIke wau i ka diabolō mehana, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki iaʻu e ʻai i nā kihi o nā paia lehu e like me ka ʻono o ka lepo e like me ka honua momona hou. Ua noʻonoʻo mau wau i kahi kokoke iā mākou lawe mākou i kahi ʻānela kahu e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana me kahi daimonio hoʻowalewale. Ua hoʻolilo ka diabolō iā ia e wili i nā paia me ka crayon me ka ʻole o ke mele a kumu ʻole paha, a hiki i ke aliʻi nui ʻo "Cejas", koʻu makuakāne, he kāne ʻeleʻele brown, uhi i nā lehu me nā mosaic o nā kala arabesque.
Hoʻopiha nuiʻia kāu mau pena kiʻi me nā mea, no ke aha ia?
Noho mau wau kokoke i ka honua a hoihoi wau i ka nui o nā kala a me nā ʻano like ʻole: e ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā nati ma Bustamante ma ka honua poni ʻeleʻele a me nā anacuhuitas ma Agualeguas ma nā ʻalemona ʻoka; ke hele i ka muliwai ʻo Santa Catarina me kāna mau pōhaku polū polū palena ʻole; e ʻimi nei i nā pahu o ka quartz e like me ka tī i ka Bishopric. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i nā mea nani i nā waihoʻoluʻu i hāʻule i loko o ka Mitras, ua pepena ʻo ia i ʻelima mau kālā ma nā ʻano tausani o nā ʻaoʻao. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea āpau me nā lima a me nā maka.
Akā no hea mai ka meaola i kāu mau mele?
Lawe mai kēlā me kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi i kāna ʻano a me nā waihoʻoluʻu: ladybugs i nā geranium, nā moʻo ma La Huasteca, nā caramels ma ka pā o ka pā, ka centipede ʻāpana uliuli me kona mau wāwae melemele, ka ilo ilo me nā gula ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōlinolino. ʻO kēlā me kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi noʻonoʻo wau i ke ʻano o kona mau ʻānela a me ke ʻano o kona mau daimonio. ʻO nā ʻeheu o nā nalo me he mea lā iaʻu nā ʻeheu o nā ʻānela a i ʻole nā daimonio liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kala o ke koko hou e kahe ana ma luna o ke koko maloʻo ʻeleʻele kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kala ʻokanika.
ʻO kekahi ma kou ʻohana he mea pena a mea pena kiʻi paha?
ʻAʻole wau ʻike. ʻAʻole pono wau e ukali i ka wāwae o kekahi. Manaʻo wau ua hoʻāʻo wau i ka hoʻowalewale mua o ke kūʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia kanaka e pili ana i ka makahiki he ʻumikūmālua, i ka wā i haʻi mai ai ʻo Pāpā iaʻu ʻaʻole i hele mai nā Canal mai kahi ʻē. ʻAʻole mākou he India piha a ʻaʻole Sepania, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i koʻu ʻohana he keʻokeʻo kekahi a he pouli kekahi. Ua haʻi mai ʻo Pāpā iaʻu ua kupu mai nā Canal mai ka wao akua ʻo Agualeguas a ʻaʻohe o mākou pili i kekahi mea a i ʻole kekahi. Pono mākou e nānā no kā mākou hana ponoʻī. Ua aʻo mai ʻo Pāpā iaʻu, a aʻo ʻoe e hoʻohana iā ʻoe a i ʻole e hoʻohana lākou iā ʻoe. ʻAʻohe ala ʻē aʻe, a hoʻolohe paha mākou i kā mākou ʻānela ponoʻī a hoʻolohe paha mākou i kā mākou daimonio ponoʻī.
Āhea ʻoe i hoʻomaka ai i ke kahakiʻi ʻana a i ʻole ke pena ʻana?
I ka makahiki ʻumikūmākolu aʻu i lawe ai i kaʻu mau papa pena kiʻi mua i loko o kahi home ponoʻī a hana i kahi poʻo lio semi-kope nani mai kekahi mea pena ʻEulopa. Makemake nā kānaka āpau iā ia. Ua makaʻu wau i ke aloha ʻana o kekahi mau ʻanakē oʻu i ka lio i ʻōlelo ʻia; ʻAʻole wau i makemake e lilo i kaikamahine-ʻoluʻolu. Pono wau e hoʻopuni i nā pena "nani" āpau no iwakālua mau makahiki a ʻimi i kuʻu kūʻokoʻa.
A me kāu ʻenehana a me nā aʻo kauka?
Ua hauʻoli wau i ka ʻenekini mīkini me he mea kūkulu, akamai, kikoʻī, pono. Nā kiʻi kiʻi neʻe maoli. Ua hoʻonāukiuki koke ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā ʻoihana iaʻu, nui ka maʻalea i koi ʻia na ʻoe; ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka nīnau ʻana iā ʻoe, a ke makemake ʻoe e ʻōlelo i ka naʻauau huhū lākou a haʻalele iā ʻoe i Babia. ʻO ka maʻalea loa e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe i holoholona: coyote, ʻiole, moa, aeto, pōpoki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pōpoki. ʻO kaʻu Ph.D. i ka hana hou i ke Kulanui o Houston i lawe i koʻu makemake e ʻimi i ka hoʻoulu; Ua lawe aku hoʻi i koʻu makaʻu i nā daimonio wahaheʻe a kū wau i ka pule ʻana i nā ʻānela wahaheʻe. Ua hoihoi au i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, no ka mea, loaʻa iā lākou nā mea ʻawahia a me nā waiwai. I kēia manawa, hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻia, me ka makaʻu ʻole, mahi wale wau i nā daimonio a me nā ʻānela ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, mai koʻu hale paʻa, mai koʻu hale pule, mai koʻu ʻāina.
Ua noho ʻoe ma waho o ka ʻāina?
Aneane ʻelua mau makahiki ma Brazil; ua ala aʻe kuʻu ʻānela a me kuʻu daimonio mai ka moeuhane lōʻihi ʻo Mekiko i Brazil. ʻO nā huakaʻi i ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻonui ai iā ʻoe no Mekiko ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ikaika, koi lākou iā ʻoe e haʻalele iā ʻoe iho, akā hoʻololi ʻo Brazil i ka mea Mekiko nāu, no ka mea, hōʻoia kēia iā ʻoe i kāu waiwai kanaka a lawe pū i ka dogmatic a me ka matachin a mākou e loaʻa nei. na Mekiko. Ma Brazil, ʻo Alfonso Reyes hoʻi i lawe ʻia aku mai ka Aztec āna i lawaiʻa ai ma Mexico City. I Rio ʻoe he naita e pili ana i nā ʻono a me nā pilau. ʻO nā ʻānela a me nā daimonio ʻo Brazil i hoʻonāukiuki i waena o lākou iho i kekahi manawa, lawe mai i nā kala o nā kula samba, a ʻōlelo i nā puka aniani ʻē aʻe i ke ola.
ʻIke paha ʻoe i ka holomua i ka pena ʻana?
Ma mua o ka neʻeʻana i mua, manaʻo wau e hōʻuluʻulu ʻoe iā ʻoe iho me ka hohonu. I koʻu ʻaʻa ʻana e mālama i kahi diary o kaʻu huakaʻi kiʻi, ua manaʻo wau ua kōkua nā huaʻōlelo e wehewehe i ka ʻike elusive o kaʻu pena. ʻO nā pena kūwaho maikaʻi āpau ka hopena o kahi hakakā kūloko maikaʻi. He kala, ʻano, a me nā kinona ko kēlā me kēia ʻili. Hōʻike kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao i waho i nā ikaika o ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻino e neʻe ana i loko. He pahee ka diabolō, pakele ʻo ia iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka kaua; i kekahi manawa ua haunaele ka diabolō, kekahi manawa ʻeleu ke kauoha, kekahi manawa akahele maikaʻi ʻole. I ka pena ʻana, hōʻike ka ʻānela i ka wiwo ʻole, ka hana hou, ka wiwo ʻole e hopu i ko mākou ʻuhane i kēia mea. I ka pena ʻana ʻaʻole ʻoe e holomua, uhi ʻoe.
He aha ke alakaʻi o kāu pena?
ʻO ke alakaʻi ka manaʻo kūloko o ka ʻike ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kekahi ʻāpana o nā mea kūwaho. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i nā kiʻi holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka hiki ʻole iaʻu ke ʻike i ka poʻe holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ia nā mea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ikaika loa e hopu i koʻu manaʻo. No laila, loaʻa koke iaʻu nā ʻāpana pena aʻu a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i piha i nā uaua o koʻu ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Kūpono anei ke pena ʻana?
Pena ʻoe me nā mea āpau; me kou kumu, me kou naʻau a me kou kino. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pena ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopaʻapaʻa a noʻonoʻo pono paha; i ka mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaka ana e pena i kahi ʻano maʻamau. No kēia mea pono ʻoe i kahi maluhia i loko, kahi kūlike kumu. pono ʻoe i kahi, hamū a i ʻole nā leo kani, nā pono, ka manawa a me ke ʻano.
Maikaʻi loa kāu pena ʻana? Manaolana paha ʻoe?
ʻAʻole loa wau e pena me ka vibe maikaʻi ʻole; Mālama pono wau i kaʻu optimism lahilahi a inā ʻaʻole wau e lawe, inā ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻoluʻolu me aʻu iho a me ke ola, ʻaʻole maikaʻi wau e pena i kēlā ʻauinalā, e hele wāwae i ke kuahiwi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale paha i nā palapū, hoʻoponopono i nā pepa, a hala nā vibe maikaʻi ʻole. Makemake wau e hōʻike i koʻu hoihoi, ke akua o loko a mākou e lawe ai i loko, ka mea nona kaʻu mau ʻānela a me koʻu mau daimonio. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hīmeni ʻana ma mua o ka uē, ma ka liʻiliʻi noʻu, manaʻo wau he mea nui aʻe ia no ka mea pono mākou e paipai pū kekahi i kekahi.
Pena ʻoe e ola a i ʻole ʻoe e noho i ka pena?
ʻO ke ola, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lōʻihi, lōʻihi loa, piha i nā mea pohihihi; ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka art a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻi ma mua o nā ʻāina.
ʻLelo lākou he Mekiko loa kāu pena, ʻoiaʻiʻo?
ʻO wau no Mekiko e ka piko a hauʻoli nui wau a ʻaʻole pono wau e hoʻāʻo e lilo i hoʻokahi - ʻoi aku ka nui o Mekiko ke hana ʻoe i nā mea e hana ai iā ʻoe, ke hana ʻoe i kāu mea a hoʻolei ʻoe iā ʻoe iho me ka hilinaʻi piha e unuhi iā ʻoe iho i kāu mau hana.
He aha kou pilina me nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike?
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1981, ua kākoʻo mai ʻo Arte Actual Mexicano de Monterrey iaʻu, a laila ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Monterrey, Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Tamayo, Nā Mea Hana Hou, Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Chapultepec, Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo José Luis Cuevas; ʻO Quetzalli Gallery ma Oaxaca, ʻo Marco de Monterrey a ʻo ka hale hōʻikeʻike Amparo ma Puebla, kahi i loaʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o kaʻu mau hana. Ua hōʻike au ma Palisa, Bogotá a ma nā kūlanakauhale likeʻole.Ua maikaʻi a maikaʻi paha nā loiloi; Aia wau i waenakonu o ka hakakā Akā ʻo kaʻu hopohopo wale nō kaʻu pena kiʻi hou.
ʻO wai ʻoe, ʻo wai ʻoe?
ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ʻo wai wau, a ʻo wai hoʻi wau, akā ʻike wau i kaʻu mea e hana nei, no laila he mea pena kiʻi wau, he mea hana pōhaku, ulana au i ka pālolo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe wau i ke kīʻaha, manaʻo wau i nā keikikāne piha ke kala. Eia kekahi, ke luhi wau i ke kū ʻana, makemake au e noho a kākau e pili ana i ka pena ʻana, nā ʻenehana a me nā pilikia politika. Akā ʻo ka mea aʻu e makemake nui ai ʻo nā wahine me ka lauoho huluhulu iki.
