Ua hoʻomaka kēia moʻolelo ma mua o 20 mau makahiki i hala. Ma waena o 1978 a me 1979, ua kākau ʻo Harry Möller, ka mea hoʻokumu o Mekiko ʻike ʻole ʻia, mai kahi helikopter i ka panalāʻau o nā Quebradas o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Durango, kekahi o nā wahi kūpikipiki loa o ka Sierra Madre Occidental.
Ua hoʻoholo kahi hui o nā mea ʻimi e lilo i ke ala o kēia ʻike a ʻo kēia ka mea i ukali ... Nui nā mea i pīhoihoi iā Möller; nani, nani, hohonu, akā ma luna o nā mea pohihihi a pau i loko. Loaʻa iā ia he 50 mau wahi archaeological o nā ana ʻano me nā hale, aia i nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei me ka helikopa, hiki ʻole iā ia ke kiʻi i kekahi o kēia mau wahi, āna i pili ai i ka moʻomeheu xixime (i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makasina Mekiko ʻike ʻole ʻia, nā helu 46 a me 47).
ʻO kēia kahi a Möller i hōʻike mai ai iaʻu i nā kiʻi o nā pūnaewele i hiki iaʻu ke hoʻopaʻa haʻawina iā lākou a hoʻoholo i nā ʻano o ke komo. I ka manawa aʻu i manaʻo ai i nā ala nui loa, ua hoʻoholo mākou e hoʻonohonoho i kahi huakaʻi e hoʻāʻo, e hoʻomaka me ka Barranca de Bacís, kahi i hoʻopīhoihoi nui iā Möller, akā he 10 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o kā mākou loaʻa kālā kūpono.
Nā makahiki i hala aku nei…
Ua noi ʻo Carlos Rangel a me kahi kikowaena i kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo Mekiko i kahi hoʻāʻo hou e komo i Bacís, a e ʻimi i nā wahi o ka Cerro de la Campana. I Kēkēmapa, ua hana ʻo Carlos, a me ka hui ʻimi noiʻi UNAM, i kahi komo mua, i mea e ʻimi ai i ka ʻāina. Ua kokoke loa ʻo ia a hana i kekahi mau ana hoihoi o nā ana me nā hale, akā ʻo ia nā pūnaewele mua, ka mea hiki ke kiʻi ʻia, a ua hōʻike lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hao wale.
Hoʻomaka o ka huakaʻi nui
Ua hoʻomaka wau e mākaʻikaʻi ma ka Sierra Tarahumara, ma Chihuahua, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi archaeological e like me nā ana me nā hale. I loko o ʻelima mau makahiki ua loaʻa wau ma mua o 100, kekahi mea kupaianaha loa, nāna i hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou i ka ʻike archaeological o ka moʻomeheu Paquimé (Mekiko Mekiko ʻike ʻole ʻia 222 a me 274). Lawe kēia mau mākaʻikaʻi iā mākou i ka hema, a ʻike mākou he hoʻomau mau nā pūnaewele Durango o nā Tarahumara, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mai ka moʻomeheu like, akā hoʻokahi me nā hiʻohiʻona like.
I ka ʻāpana o ka ʻākau komohana komohana o Mekiko a me ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi ʻāpana moʻomeheu i kapa ʻia ʻo Oasisamérica (AD 1000) i ulu. Ua maopopo iā ia nā mokuʻāina ʻo Sonora a me Chihuahua i kēia manawa, ma Mekiko; a me ʻAlikona, Koloraka, New Mexico, Texas a me Utah ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma muli o nā ʻike i loaʻa iā mākou, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka wahi Quebradas de Durango i kēia papa inoa ma ke ʻano he palena hema. Ma Chihuahua ua launa au me Walther Bishop, kahi kāne no Durango kahi pailaka mokulele māmā ma ka Sierra Madre a ua haʻiʻo ia iaʻu ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā pūnaewele ana me nā hale, akā hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i ka mea ma Piaxtla.
Lele kiaʻi
ʻO ka lele ʻana ma luna o ke awāwa i hōʻoia i ka noho ʻana o ka hapalua o nā kakini o nā wahi archaeological. ʻAʻole hiki ke komo. Ua kaumaha mākou i nā hanana. He 1,200 mika mika o ka pōhaku maʻemaʻe, a ma waenakonu o lākou nā lumi o kahi moʻomeheu poina. A laila hele mākou ma nā ala lepo o nā kuahiwi, e ʻimi ana i nā komo i ka Quebrada de Piaxtla. ʻO ke ala e hele ai i Tayoltita ka puka komo a ʻo ke kaiāulu semi-haʻalele ʻo Miravalles ko mākou kahua ʻimi. Loaʻa mākou i kahi ala i waiho iā mākou kokoke i ka lihi o ke awāwa, i mua o nā ana me nā hale. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka paʻakikī o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou.
Mākaukau nā mea āpau!
No laila hoʻonohonoho mākou i kahi huakaʻi i ke ʻano e mākaʻikaʻi i ka Quebrada de Piaxtla. ʻO ka hui pū ʻo Manuel Casanova lāua ʻo Javier Vargas, mai ka UNAM Mountaineering and Exploration Organization, ʻo Denisse Carpinteiro, he haumāna archeology ma ka enah, ʻo Walther Bishop Jr., ʻo José Luis González, ʻo Miguel Ángel Flores Díaz, ʻo José Carrillo Parra a ʻoiaʻiʻo nō. , ʻO Walther me aʻu. Ua hui pū mai ʻo Dan Koeppel lāua ʻo Steve Casimiro iā mākou. Ua loaʻa iā mākou ke kākoʻo mai ke Aupuni o Durango a me ka hoʻokumu Vida para el Bosque.
Hoʻomaka ia āpau me kahi lele reconnaissance. Ma 15 mau minuke ua hōʻea mākou i Mesa del Tambor, ka ʻālia o ka Quebrada de Piaxtla. He kūlana kiʻekiʻe a lohe ʻole ʻia o ka ʻāina. Hele mākou i ka paia a hoʻomaka e ʻike i nā ana me nā hale. Ua hoʻāʻo wau e ʻike i nā ala e hoʻopili ai i nā hale, akā ʻaʻole naʻe. Ua ʻike mākou i kekahi mau pūnaewele o nā kiʻi pena o ke ana i hana ʻia i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia. Ua hoʻi mākou i Tayoltita a hoʻomaka i nā limahana e hoʻoili huakaʻi i kahi awāwa liʻiliʻi i mua o ka paia pōhaku.
I ke kiʻekiʻe
I ka manawa ma ka ʻāina, ma ka Mesa del Tambor, hoʻomaka mākou i kā mākou iho i lalo. Ma hope o ʻeono mau hola ua hōʻea mākou i ke kahawai ʻo San Luis, ua kokoke loa i ka lalo o ke awāwa. ʻO kēia kā mākou kahua hoʻomoana.
I kekahi lā aʻe ua ʻimi kahi hui liʻiliʻi e nānā ana i ke komo ʻana i nā ana me nā hale. Ma ka hola 6:00 hoʻi lākou. Ua hōʻea lākou i ka lalo o ke kahawai, a hiki i ke kahawai ʻo Santa Rita, hele a hōʻea i ka mua o nā ana. Piʻi lākou i kahi pā, e ukali ana i kahi piʻi kiʻekiʻe. Mai laila, alakaʻi ʻia e kahi papa weliweli, kipa lākou i ka pūnaewele mua, ʻoiai i mālama maikaʻi ʻia, ua hōʻike mua ʻia nā hōʻailona o ke kū hou ʻana. Ma ka laulaha, ua maikaʻi ke kūlana o ka adobe a me nā hale pōhaku. Mai kahi hoʻomoana, me nā aniani kilohi, hiki ʻole ke hele. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e hoʻāʻo i ka lā aʻe.
ʻAoʻao kūpale
I ka hoʻāʻo hou hoʻohui mākou iā Walther, Dan a me I. Hoʻomākaukau mākou no ʻekolu mau lā, ʻike mākou ʻaʻole mākou e loaʻa wai. Ma kahi pali me kahi pali ma waena o 45º a me 50º ua hōʻea mākou i ka ʻāina kiʻekiʻe i hōʻea ʻia e nā mea ʻimi i ka lā ma mua. ʻIke mākou i nā terraces i hana ʻia e nā kamaʻāina kahiko no kā lākou mea kanu. Ua hōʻea mākou i ka palena liʻiliʻi a mākou mau alakaʻi i manaʻo ai ʻo ke ala e hiki ai i nā ana ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ua hōʻike ka pae a me nā ʻanuʻu weliweli, me ka lepo ākea, mau lālau, nā mea kanu ʻoi a me kahi pali o lalo o 45º, ua helu mākou e hiki ai iā ia ke hele. Ma hope koke ua hele mākou i kahi ana. Kau mākou iā Cave No. 2. ʻAʻohe ona hale, akā aia he mau sherds a me kahi papahele makaʻu loa. Ma hope koke iho o ke kū ʻana o 7 a 8 mau mika paha mākou i lele ai i lalo a laila kahi piʻi paʻakikī loa a mākou e pale aku ai me ke kaula uila a piʻi mālie. ʻAʻohe lumi no nā hewa, nā hewa a hāʻule mākou i mau haneli mau mika, ʻoi aku ma mua o 500.
Hiki mākou i Cave No. 3, kahi e mālama ai i nā lole o ʻekolu mau lumi a me kahi hale liʻiliʻi. Hana ʻia ka kūkulu ʻana i ka adobe a me ka pōhaku. Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻāpana keramika a me kekahi mau ʻōpala kulina.
Hoʻomau mākou i ko mākou ala helehelena ma ke kaʻe a hiki i Cave No. 4. Loaʻa i ke koena ma kahi o ʻelima aʻeono paha mau pā adobe a me nā pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o ka mea ma mua. He mea kupanaha ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka poʻe ʻōiwi kahiko i ko lākou mau hale i kēia mau wahi, i mea e pono ai lākou i ka nui o ka wai a ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike e pili ana, ʻo ke kahawai kokoke loa ʻo ke kahawai ʻo Santa Rita, mau haneli mau mika i lalo i lalo, a piʻi i me he mea lā ka hana a ka wai mai kēia kahawai.
Ma hope o kekahi mau hola hiki mākou i kahi kiko kahi e huli iki ai ka paia a komo mākou i kahi ʻano sirkus (geomorphological). ʻOiai he ākea ākea ka ʻaoʻao, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi. I ka hopena o kēia mau mea he lua, No. 5. He ʻewalu paha mau pā i loaʻa iā ia. Me he mea lā ʻo ia ka mālama maikaʻi a kūkulu ʻia. Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻāpana ipu, nā ʻāpala, nā mea ʻoki a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomoana mākou ma waena o nā lāʻau pāma.
I ka lā aʻe ...
Hoʻomau mākou a hōʻea i Cave No. 6, me nā pā nui ʻelua, hoʻokahi pōʻai, a ʻelima liʻiliʻi kokoke loa e like me nā hale ʻai. Ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻāpana o kahi molcajete, metate, cobs cobs, sherds a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kākoʻo ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana iwi, kahi iwi poʻo paha, nona ka puka, me he mea lā he ʻāpana o ka lei a i ʻole kekahi amulet.
Hoʻomau mākou a hōʻea i Cave 7, ka lōʻihi loa o nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mika ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 7 hohonu. Ua lilo kekahi o nā pūnaewele archaeological hoihoi loa. Aia kekahi mau lole komo o ʻewalu a ʻeiwa paha mau pā, mālama pono ʻia kekahi. Nui nā hale ʻai. Hana ʻia nā mea āpau me ka adobe a me nā pōhaku. Ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā lumi āpau ua pālahalaha ka papahele me ka adobe, a i ka nui loa he kapuahi kēia o kēia mea. Aia kekahi mau kiʻi ana o ke ana liʻiliʻi i ka ocher a me ke keʻokeʻo, me nā hoʻolālā maʻalahi loa. I ko mākou kahaha ua loaʻa iā mākou ʻekolu mau ipu piha, kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi, a ʻelua mau kīʻaha kī, maʻalahi ko lākou ʻano, me ka ʻole o nā kāhiko a me nā kiʻi pena. Aia kekahi mau sherd, metates, pepeiao o ke kulina, nā ʻāpana o nā ipu, nā iwi ʻaoʻao a me nā iwi ʻē aʻe (ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou inā he kanaka lākou), kekahi mau koʻokoʻo lōʻihi o ka otate, hana maikaʻi loa, ʻo kekahi o lākou i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika o ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke kū ʻana o nā ipu hao ma hope o ka lāhui ʻōiwi, ʻo mākou ka mea e hiki aku ana iā lākou, no laila aia mākou i nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa maoli a kaʻawale.
Nā nīnau o 2007
Ma muli o ka mea i ʻike ʻia, manaʻoʻiʻo mākou he lawa lākou i nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai ʻo ka moʻomeheu i kūkulu i kēia mau hale o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu like o Oasisamerica, ʻoiai e hōʻoia i ka mahele, e nalo ana kekahi mau lā a me nā noi ʻē aʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia mau lole ʻo Paquimé, ʻo ia ke kumu no lākou mai kahi moʻomeheu Oasisa-ʻAmelika i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia wale nō mākou i ka hoʻomaka a nui nō nā mea e ʻimi a aʻo ai. ʻIke mua mākou i nā awawa ʻē aʻe ma Durango kahi e loaʻa ai nā vestiges a ke kali nei lākou no mākou.
Ma hope o Cave No. 7 ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau hou, no laila ua hoʻomaka mākou i kā mākou hoʻi ʻana, kahi i lawe ai iā mākou kokoke i ka lā holoʻokoʻa.
ʻOiai luhi, hauʻoli mākou i nā mea i loaʻa. Noho mākou i kekahi mau lā i ke awāwa e nānā i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, a laila hele ka helikopter iā mākou i San José e lawe hope iā mākou i Tayoltita.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 367 / Kepakemapa 2007
