ʻO Graeme Stewart, kahi mea kākau nūpepa Sekotia e noho ana ma Mekiko City, e nīnau e pili ana i ka hoihoi o ka hale hōʻikeʻike o kāna ʻāina hoʻokipa.
Ua hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia, o nā ʻāina āpau ma Latin America, ʻo Mekiko ka mea hoihoi loa i kāna moʻomeheu a me kāna moʻomeheu ponoʻī, a e hōʻoia ai, e nānā wale i nā laina lōʻihi e komo i nā hale hōʻikeʻike kiʻi like ʻole a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike. ʻO nā lālani he mau kaukani e ʻike i nā hōʻike hou loa; hoʻomanaʻo nā hiʻohiʻona i nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma nā hale hōʻikeʻike kiʻi nui a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike ma Madrid, Paris, Ladana a me Florence.
Akā aia he ʻokoʻa nui: i nā kikowaena nui o nā mea noʻeau o ka honua he nui, inā ʻaʻole ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e kū ana i mua o ka Prado, ka Louvre, ka British Museum a i ʻole ka Uffizi, he poʻe mākaʻikaʻi. Ma Mekiko, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e kali ma lalo o ka lā, he poʻe Mekiko lākou, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe maʻamau ʻaʻole e haʻalele i nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi hou loa i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā kūlanakauhale nui o ka ʻāina.
He moʻomeheu moʻomeheu ko ka poʻe Mekiko, ʻo ia hoʻi, me he mea lā he hoihoi nui lākou i nā mea e pili ana i ko lākou aʻa. A ke kū aʻa kēlā mau aʻa i kahi hōʻike, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokaʻulua: nā kula, nā hale hana a me nā hui e hoʻoneʻe, kūʻai i nā likiki a hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou wahi i nā laina e hiki ai ke hoʻopuni a puni nā poloka o ke kūlanakauhale ke kali ka lehulehu o nā mea aloha Mexico i ko lākou manawa. e hauʻoli ai i ka noʻeau, ʻepekema a me ka mōʻaukala.
ʻO kahi maʻamau hoʻomau mau
ʻAʻole hiki iā Roxana Velásquez Martínez del Campo ke hūnā i kona hoihoi ke kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i nā Mekiko a me ko lākou aloha a mahalo i nā mea noʻeau. Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Palacio de Bellas Artes, ʻo kāna hana ka ʻumeʻume, hoʻonohonoho a hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hōʻike i kau ʻia ma kēia hale hōʻikeʻike, kahi hale kaka ʻole akā nani hoʻi ma waho ʻo Neo-Byzantine ʻoiai ma loko o ia kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi Art Deco.
Me nā maka ʻōlinolino a me ka minoʻaka nui, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, “Malia paha ʻo ko mākou hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa ia. Ma ka haki ʻana i nā moʻohelu o ke komo ʻana i nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi, hōʻike mākou i ka honua he ʻāina hoihoi nui ʻo Mekiko i kāna moʻomeheu. ʻO nā hōʻike, nā ʻahamele, nā opera a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike piha mau i nā poʻe Mekiko e ʻoliʻoli nei iā lākou.
Wahi a ka luna, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ʻoiai ʻo “Mexico kahi wahi o ke kiʻi mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic. ʻOiai ma nā kūlanakauhale aia nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā hōʻike e huki ai i ka lehulehu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kahi kalaiwa a hoʻomaka ke kalaiwa kaʻa e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hōʻike haole i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia. Eia ka hopena ”.
I loko o nā kenekulia ʻekolu o ka noho aliʻi, ʻo ka hana noʻeau a me ka moʻomeheu nā mea āpau i nā poʻe o Mekiko. Ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia nā mea āpau, mai nā hana laʻa a nā mea kālā. Ua like ka mea like i nā kenekulia 19 a me 20, a ua huki ʻia nā mea pena kiʻi mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua i Mexico. "Ua haʻalele i kahi kuʻuna indelible o ka moʻomeheu i ka psyche Mexico. Ma hope o ko mākou hele ʻana i ke kula haʻahaʻa, lawe lākou iā mākou e kipa i nā hale hōʻikeʻike kiʻi a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike.
Nā Palapala Kahiko
Wahi a ka ʻōnaehana ʻike moʻomeheu o ka National Council for Culture and the Arts (Conaculta, ke keʻena pekelala i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā hana moʻomeheu), o nā hale hōʻikeʻike 1,112 a puni ka ʻāina, 137 ma Mexico City. Ke kipa aku nei i ke kapikala ʻo Mekiko, no ke aha e hoʻomaka ʻole ai me kekahi o nā wahi pono e ʻike ai?
• No ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi ma mua o ka Hispanic, e hele i ka Museo del Templo Mayor (Seminario 8, Centro Histórico), kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻāpana kūikawā i loaʻa i ke kikowaena seremonial Aztec. He ʻelua mau wahi o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā ao mea a me nā ʻuhane o ka moʻomeheu Mekiko. Ma kahi pālākiō liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Diego Rivera i ka Anahuacalli, "ka hale o ka ʻāina ma ka loko," me ke kaila Mekiko, kāna keʻena ma Museo Street, i ka ʻelele Coyoacán. ʻO nā moʻomeheu Pre-Hispanic ma waena o ka ʻāina i ko lākou Museum of Anthropology (Paseo de la Reforma a me Gandhi), kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka honua.
• ʻO ka poʻe makemake i ka hana o kolone o Mekiko a me ke kenekulia 19 e ʻike i nā ʻāpana kupaianaha ma ka National Museum of Art (Munal, Tacuba 8, Centro Histórico). E nānā pono ka poʻe pīhoihoi i nā hōʻike hana hoʻonaninani ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Franz Mayer (Av. Hidalgo 45, Centro Histórico).
• ʻO ke Colegio de San Ildefonso (Justo Sierra 16, Hale Hōʻikeʻike Nui) kahi paʻakikī i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no nā hōʻike wā wā.
• No ka poʻe makemake i nā mea laʻa, aia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Basilica o Guadalupe (Plaza de las Américas, Villa de Guadalupe) a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o nā Palapala Hemolele (Alhambra 1005-3, Col. Portales).
• ʻO ka hana noʻeau kekahi o nā kāleka ikaika o Mekiko, a ʻaʻohe hemahema o nā wahi e mahalo ai iā ia. ʻElua mau koho maikaʻi loa ʻo ka Tamayo Museum (Paseo de la Reforma a me Gandhi), kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1981 e Teodoro González de León a me Abraham Zabludovsky, a ma kēlā ʻaoʻao hoʻi o ke alanui, ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Ke Ana Hou. ʻO nā lumi i hoʻopuni ʻia o kona mau hale māhoe kahi hale piha o nā kiʻi pena mai ka ʻenehana Kenekulia 20 kenekulia.
• Aia kekahi mau hale hōʻikeʻike i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke ola a me ka hana a Diego a me Frida, me ka Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera y Frida Kahlo (Diego Rivera 2, Col. San ángel Inn) a me ka Museo Casa Frida Kahlo (Ladana 247, Col. Del Carmen Coyoacán).
• Kaulana nui ʻia ʻo Mekiko no kāna hana lima, a ʻo kahi maikaʻi loa e mahalo ai iā lākou ka Museo de Arte Popular i wehe ʻia (kihi ʻo Revillagigedo me Independencia, Centro Histórico).
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana i loko o ʻekolu mau hale hōʻikeʻike e kū nei ma ka Waoakū ʻo Chapultepec: ʻo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻEpekema a me ʻenehana, ʻo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kamaliʻi Papalote a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻIke Kūlohelohe.
ʻAno & hoihoi
ʻO nā hōʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi paha i ʻike ʻia a me nā mea like ʻole ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko e hōʻuluʻulu ana i ka make wai lāhui āpau no nā hōʻike a me nā hōʻike. ʻO kahi kaiāulu hoʻopili wale i ka moʻomeheu hiki ke hōʻike pinepine i nā hale hōʻikeʻike e like me:
• Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Caricature (Donceles 99, Hale Waihona Puke). I loko o kahi hale 18st kenekulia ʻo ia ka Colegio de Cristo. Hiki i nā malihini kipa ke ʻike i nā laʻana o kēia aʻo mai ka makahiki 1840 a hiki i kēia manawa.
• Hale Hōʻikeʻike Shoe (Bolívar 36, Hale Hōʻikeʻike). Nā kāmaʻa kūwaho, kākaʻikahi a kūikawā hoʻi, mai Helene kahiko a hiki i kēia manawa, i hoʻokahi lumi.
• Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Archive of Photography o Mexico City (e pili ana i ka pā o Templo Mayor). Nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hōʻike ana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kapitala.
• ʻO nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe e pili pū me ka Museo de la Pluma (Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Lindavista), ka Museo del Chile y el Tequila (Calzada Vallejo 255, Col. Vallejo poniente), ka Museo Olímpico Mexicano (Av. Conscripto, Col. Lomas de Sotelo) a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Interactive of Economics (Tacuba 17, Historic Center), nona ke keʻena nui ʻo Betlemitas Convent i ka 18 kenekulia.
Kaha i ka lehulehu
ʻO Carlos Philips Olmedo, ka luna nui o ʻekolu o nā hale hōʻikeʻike ponoʻī kaulana: ka Dolores Olmedo, ka Diego Rivera Anahuacalli a me ka Frida Kahlo, manaʻo ʻo ia ka pono Mekiko no nā hana noʻeau a me nā moʻomeheu mai ka lāhui aloha i ke kala a me ke ʻano.
I loko o kahi hanu i ka wā o ka hōʻike a Diego Rivera ma Palacio de Bellas Artes, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia: "ʻAe, he hanana ia akā he kūlohelohe ia, ʻaʻole no nā Mekiko wale nō akā no nā lāhui āpau. E ʻike wale i ka hana humanistic o nā mea pena kiʻi nui e like me ka mea kālai Pelekane ʻo Sir Henry Moore a ʻike i ko lākou kaulana a puni ka honua. He mana ko nā hana noʻeau e neʻe ai ka poʻe; he mea nui i ko mākou kūlohelohe e hoihoi i ka noʻeau, e ʻimi i nā mea noʻeau a e hōʻike iā mākou iho ma o ka hana noʻeau.
"E ʻimi a puni ʻo Mekiko a ʻike ʻoe aia ka profusion o ke kala i nā mea āpau mai ko mākou mau home i kā mākou lole i kā mākou meaʻai. Malia paha he pono kūikawā kā mākou nā Mekiko e ʻike i nā mea nani a me nā kala. Hoʻomaopopo pū mākou i ke ʻano o ka mea pena kiʻi e like me Frida Kahlo i ʻeha ai ka ʻehaʻeha a hana pū me ia ma o kāna hana akamai. Lawe kēlā i kā mākou nānā; hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo me ia.
"ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻoʻiʻo ai wau ʻo ka makemake i ka hana noʻeau i loko o ke ʻano kanaka. Maliʻa paha he intrinsic hou aku ia i nā poʻe Mekiko; He poʻe hauʻoli mākou, maikaʻi loa a hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo me nā hana ʻoi loa loa maʻalahi ".
Ka mana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana
ʻO Felipe Solís, ka luna o ka National Museum of Anthropology, kahi kanaka nāna i alakaʻi i nā hōʻike he nui o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, ma ka ʻāina āpau a ma waho hoʻi.
ʻO ka National Museum of Anthropology ka mea nani i ka lei o nā hale hōʻikeʻike Mekiko. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wahi hōʻikeʻike he 26 e hōʻike i nā moʻomeheu pre-Hispanic āpau i ka manawa. I mea e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi mai o lākou aku, pono i nā mea kuleana ke hoʻolālā i ʻelua mau kipa hou aku. Hoʻopiʻi ia i mau tausani mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia hopena pule a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka noi ke loaʻa iā ia kahi laʻana kūikawā, e like me ka mea mai iā Paraʻo i 2006 a i ʻole i Peresia i 2007.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae like ʻo Solís i ka manaʻo he pilina kūikawā ko nā poʻe Mekiko me nā mea noʻeau. Akā, kuhikuhi ʻo ia, ʻo ka hele nui ʻana i nā hōʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e kipaku ʻia e nā mea ʻekolu: ka hoʻomana, ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ke komo manuahi ʻana no nā keiki ma lalo o 13. ʻO ka pragmatic mau, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Manaʻo wau ʻo ka manaʻo he pilina kūikawā kā ka poʻe Mekiko me ka hana kiʻi ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAe, haneli he mau kaukani e hele i nā hōʻike nui, akā ʻo nā poʻomanaʻo e like me nā pharaohs a i ʻole Frida Kahlo nā kumuhana hoʻomana.
"E lawe i kahi laʻana mai kahi hoʻomana hou, inā hiki iaʻu ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi hōʻike ma luna o Diana, ke Kamāliʻiwahine o Wale, aia nā laina e hoʻopuni i ka palaka, i ke ao a me ka pō, i mau pule. A ʻaʻole hoihoi ka hōʻike i ka poʻe ke ʻole ka hoʻolaha maikaʻi ʻia. Eia kekahi, e hoʻomanaʻo he manuahi nā keiki ma lalo o 13 e komo i nā hale hōʻikeʻike. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he 14 wale nō ka pākēneka o ka poʻe kipa i kēia hale hōʻikeʻike e uku e komo. No laila lawe mai nā mākua i nā keiki a ulu ka lehulehu. Inā kipa ʻoe i kekahi o nā hale hōʻikeʻike liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i nā malihini kipa he nui. E kala mai iaʻu, akā ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo he ʻiʻo kūlohelohe ka poʻe Mekiko i nā hana noʻeau a me nā moʻomeheu ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
I loko a i waho
ʻO ka Anthropologist ʻo Alejandra Gómez Colorado, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Mekiko City, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia e kūʻē iā Solís. Haʻaheo ʻo ia no ka makemake nui ʻole o kāna mau kamaʻāina e mahalo i nā hana noʻeau nui.
ʻO Gómez Colorado, ka mea i komo i ka nānā o ka hōʻike i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Paraʻo ma ka National Museum of Anthropology, manaʻo ʻo ka hele ʻana i nā hōʻike e like me Paraʻo a me Peresia e kōkua i nā poʻe Mekiko e kū i ko lākou wahi i ka honua. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia: “No nā kenekulia he mau Mekiko i nānā i loko a ʻano ʻoki ʻia mai ka honua. Nui kā mākou hana kiʻi a me nā moʻomeheu he nui, akā ʻo Mekiko nā mea āpau. ʻOiai i kēia lā, ʻo ko mākou haʻaheo ka National Museum of Anthropology, e haʻi nei i ka moʻolelo, a i ʻole nā moʻolelo, o kā mākou mōʻaukala. No laila, ke hele a puni kahi hōʻike honua, hele mai nā Mekiko e ʻike. Makemake lākou e ʻāpana o ka honua, e hoʻopili ʻaʻole wale me nā hana Mekiko, akā me ka hana noʻeau a me ka moʻomeheu o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻApelika. Hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manaʻo o kahi kaiāulu nui a ua hoʻoluliluli ʻo Mekiko i kāna ʻano insular ”.
Ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi hōʻike, maopopo ʻo Gómez Colorado i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā, hoʻolaha a me ke kālepa ʻana. ma hope o nā mea āpau, he ʻāpana kēlā o kā lākou hana. "ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hōʻole he mea nui ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kahi hōʻike, e like me ka mea paʻi a me ka hoʻolaha. He ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻokuke a hoʻopau i kahi hōʻike. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻolālā nani ʻia ka hōʻike ʻo Frida Kahlo ma Palacio de Bellas Artes, e hana mua ana i ka mea kipa me kāna kiʻi mua a laila me nā kiʻi o Frida a me kona mau makahiki, ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna hana nui i ka poʻe nānā. ʻAʻole kū wale kēia mau mea, akā hoʻolālā pono ʻia e hoʻonui i ka leʻaleʻa o kēlā me kēia mea e lawe i ka manawa e hiki mai ana. "
Mua i ka lālani
Pēlā ke ʻano a i ʻole ke aʻo ʻana? E hoʻomau ʻia ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana, akā manaʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe loea i ka makemake o ka poʻe Mekiko e mahalo i nā hana noʻeau nui, a i ʻole nā hana a nā mea hana lima i nā kaona, pili i ka ʻano Mekiko.
Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka lehulehu no nā hōʻike nui, ʻaʻole wau e lawe i ka makaʻu: e mua wau i ka laina.
Punawai: Mākala Hōʻokoʻa Helu 221 / Kekemapa 2007
