ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Guanajuato (Cuanaxhuato, "kahi o nā rana" ma Purépecha, kahi inoa e hoʻolaha nei i kona wā kahiko a me ka palapala honua) no kahi hui kū hoʻokahi o nā kūlanakauhale Mekiko - kahi e helu ai ʻo Taxco lāua ʻo Zacatecas - nona ka raison d'étre i hōʻike ai i kahi pilikia. i nā ʻāpana kolone: ʻaʻole hiki ke koho i kahi kahua pālahalaha e hoʻokumu iā lākou no ka mea ua ulu lākou a puni kahi waiho o nā metala makamae, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi puʻu, a ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike i ka lōʻihi o ka bonanza.
Nui nā kūlanakauhale Mekiko i pono ke ana ʻia i nā makahiki i nā kenekulia; ua ola kekahi ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka Paniolo, a ua hoʻololi nui ʻia nā mea āpau i ka wā o ka noho kolone. A laila lawe ka hapanui i kahi physiognomy me nā loli liʻiliʻi loa, hānau ʻia i nā ʻāpana hoʻokele e koi ana i nā alanui ākea, nā alanui pololei, me nā pā nui o nā ana like - i hana i nā hale me kahi ʻano like - a ʻo kekahi o nā poloka waena e waiho hakahaka: ma laila e mau nō ka pākaukau, nona ka palena mau ka hale pule, nā hale aupuni, nā hale kūʻai a me nā hale nui.
Pono pono e hoʻokumu i kēia mau kūlanakauhale o ka geometry ikaika ma nā ʻāina pālahalaha, a ʻaʻole ia he mea e pīhoihoi ai i kekahi manawa, ke nānā nei i kahi kiʻi kahiko, ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou ka heluna kanaka e pili ana.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Guanajuato (Cuanaxhuato, "kahi o nā rana" ma Purépecha, kahi inoa e hoʻolaha nei i kona wā kahiko a me ka palapala honua) no kahi hui kūloko o nā kūlanakauhale Mekiko - kahi e helu ʻia ai ʻo Taxco lāua ʻo Zacatecas. Hōʻike ia i kahi pilikia i nā ʻoihana kolone: ʻaʻole hiki ke koho i kahi kahua pālahalaha e hoʻokumu iā lākou no ka mea ua ulu lākou a puni kahi waiho o nā metala makamae, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi puʻu, a ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike i ka lōʻihi o ka bonanza.
Ua lilo kekahi mau kūlanakauhale i mau kūlanakauhale ʻuhane i kahi manawa pōkole, i ka wā i luhi ai ke aʻa, no laila ua ulu lākou ma lalo o ka pale o ka laki, ma kahi palapala ʻāina maikaʻi ʻole, ma ke ʻano kolohe (i ka manaʻo ʻole o ke keʻena koloneiale), me nā kekeʻe, nā alanui ʻololī, i ʻaoʻao pali, i kekahi manawa liʻiliʻi a kaulike ʻole; ʻAʻole hiki i nā square ke makemake e lilo i anapuni ākea a huinahā paha, a ʻo nā wahi e hui ai nā alanui like ʻole, kahi pālahalaha, kūpono i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mākeke ākea a me kahi o nā stagecoach a i ʻole e hoʻākoakoa i ka poʻe i hele i ka hale pule.
ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi o kēia mau pā kaona ʻo La Paz, ma Guanajuato: kūlike ʻole, kiʻi kiʻi a me nā kiʻi kumu, mai ka kenekulia 19 i ʻike ʻia ma nā kahakaha ʻana a me nā lithographs ke ʻano nui o ke kūlanakauhale.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Guanajuato e noho ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi mining i nā makahiki 1550, akā i nā kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku a me kumamāwalu wale nō i hoʻokō ʻia ai ka lawa pono e hoʻāla i nā hale o ka waiwai kuhikuhipuʻuone: nā heiau e like me San Diego (1694) a me La Parroquia (1696), a i ʻole nā keʻena kapu o Cata (mai 1725) a me Guadalupe (1733); na ka Jesuits i hoʻokumu i ka Company (1765) a ma ka hopena o ka manawa koloneial i kūkulu ʻia ka luakini o La Valenciana a me ka Alhóndiga de Granaditas, ke kahua i Kepakemapa 1810 o kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui o ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua o ke Kūʻokoʻa, i kēia lā hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i nā mural o ka hale like, pena ʻia e José Chávez Morado.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe noho i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā manawa kolone i ka palapala ʻāina paʻakikī - hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi laʻana ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Diego Rivera, ka hale kahi i hānau ʻia ai ka mea pena kaulana - a laila hana ʻia kekahi mau hana ʻenehana, e like me nā wai wai ʻo La Olla a me La Olla. ʻO Los Santos, ma Ivory. I ka manawa i loaʻa ai ke kūʻokoʻa, ua puka mai nā hale lehulehu hou a ua hōʻano hou ʻia ka helehelena o Guanajuato me nā hale o ke ʻano kālaiʻike o kēia au, e like me ka wahi ma La Olla, a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā alo o nā hale kahiko ma waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale.
I ka hala ʻana o nā kenekulia 19 a 20, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale koʻikoʻi, e like me ka Hale Aliʻi Aupuni a me ka Hale Keaka ʻo Juárez, kahi hana kuʻuna kupaianaha ma ke alo o ka liʻiliʻi, huinakolu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi o ka Union Garden, a ʻo ka Hidalgo Market, me kahi kūkulu hou o ka hao a me ka helehelena monumental.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka mākeke e Antonio Rivas Mercado, ka mea kākau o ka Monument to the Independence of Mexico City. I ka waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale nui o ke Kulanui, i ke kaila neocolonial, me kahi alapiʻi kūwaho kūwaho. ʻO nā pāʻani kūlike ʻole o Braratillo, Mexiamora a me El Ropero he nani loa.
Hoʻonui maoli ʻo Guanajuato ma luna o ka muliwai o ka inoa like, no ka mea, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale a me nā alahaka ma luna o kāna kahawai i uhi i ka hapa nui o kāna huakaʻi.
I nā makahiki 1950 a me 1960 ua paipu ʻia ka muliwai, e hoʻohuli ana i kāna alahele i ke alanui honua kupaianaha i hoʻonui i ka hoʻopiʻi kiʻi nui loa iā Guanajuato, a i ke kaʻina e hoʻoponopono ana i kahi ʻāpana o ka pilikia kalepa i ʻeha ʻia.
Ma hope iho, ua wehe ʻia nā tunnels hou ma ka lepo o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi e ʻae ai i nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao me ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻana i ka neʻe mālie o nā alanui kahiko.
Mahalo i kāna hoʻonohonoho paʻa, he kūlanakauhale ʻo Guanajuato me nā kuanaʻike loli loa, inā hele wāwae ʻia a i ʻole kaʻa kaʻa, a ʻo kēia mea hoihoi kahi ʻāpana o kāna leʻaleʻa kū hoʻokahi, kahi e puʻunaue ai me nā poʻe kolone nui o Mekiko: hikiwawe ke ʻike ʻia ke kūlanakauhale. mai ke alanui o lalo, e kau ana ma luna o ko mākou mau poʻo, a i ʻole ma lalo o ko mākou mau wāwae, mai ke ala helehelena nani, ʻo ia hoʻi mai ke kia hoʻomanaʻo a hiki i El Pípila, ke nānā aku a Guanajuato i ka maikaʻi loa.
