Kūkulu ʻia ka hapanui i kahi kaila eclectic, he hōʻike wahaheʻe nā hale pule o ke kenekulia i ka ulu nui o ko mākou kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ka manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo Porfiriato i hala aku ma mua o 30 mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala Mekiko (1876-1911), me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i nā kahamaha pōkole o nā aupuni o Juan N. Méndez lāua ʻo Manuel González. ʻOiai i loko o kēlā manawa paʻakikī loa ke kūlana ma ke kuaʻāina, ua alakaʻi nui ʻo General Porfirio Díaz i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina i hopena i ka hana kūkulu kūikawā, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā kūlanakauhale nui loa.
ʻO nā pono hou o ka hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, no laila e hoʻomaka ana i ka ulu a me ke kahua o nā kolone a me nā ʻāpana, e like me ke kūlana waiwai o ka heluna kanaka, he mau ʻano kūkulu like ʻole, i hoʻohuli nui ʻia e nā kāhua kuhikuhipuʻuone i lawe ʻia mai ʻEulopa. , no Palani ka nui. ʻO ia ka wā gula no ka poʻe waiwai i noho i nā kolone hou e like me Juárez, Roma, Santa María la Ribera a me Cuauhtémoc, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ma waho aʻe o nā lawelawe e like me ka wai a me nā kukui, pono e hoʻolako ʻia kēia mau hanana hou me nā luakini no ka hana haipule a ko lākou poʻe kamaʻāina, a i kēlā manawa ua loaʻa i kahi hui ʻo Mekiko kahi ʻoihana maikaʻi loa e hoʻokō i kēia mau hana. Pēlā ka hihia o Emilio Dondé, ka mea kākau o ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Bucareli, i kēia lā ke Kuhina Kalaiaina; ʻO Antonio Rivas Mercado, ka mea hana i ke kolamu o ke Kūʻokoʻa; na Mauricio Campos, ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia me ka Chamb of Deputy, a na Manu Gorozpe, ka mea hoʻolālā o ka hale pule ʻo Sagrada Familia.
Hoʻokomo kēia mau mea hoʻopaʻa hale i kahi hoʻolālā regressive i ka hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana lākou me nā ʻano "neo" e like me Neo-Gothic, Neo-Byzantine a me Neo-Romanesque, i hoʻi maoli i nā hana kuʻuna kahiko, akā e hoʻohana ana i nā hana kūkulu hou e like me ka paʻa paʻa a me kiola hao, i hoʻomaka e hele i loko o ke ʻano mai ka hapaha hope o ke kenekulia i hala.
ʻO kēia ʻanuʻu i loko o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone i hala ka huahana o kahi neʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo romanticism, i kū i ʻEulopa i ka kenekulia 19 a mau a hiki i nā makahiki he iwakālua o kēia au. ʻO kēia neʻe kipi kipi kūʻē i nā neoclassical anuanu, i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā mea o ka Greek Greek kuhikuhipuʻuone a noi i ka hoʻi ʻana i nā kaila hiehie a nani hoʻi i hoʻolei ʻia e ka ʻoihana.
A laila ua aʻo nā mea kākau hale o ka Porfiriato i nā kaila elaborate a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wā kahiko. Ua puka mai kāna mau hana neo-Gothic mua ma Mekiko i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 19 a he nui nā eclectic, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea i pili i nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa a mākou e ʻike ai no ka hale hoʻomana haipule Porfirian ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia ka hale pule o Sagrada Familia, aia ma nā alanui o Puebla a me Orizaba, ma ke kaiāulu o Roma. ʻO nā neo-Romanesque a me nā neo-Gothic kaila, ʻo ia ka mea kākau Mekiko ʻo Manuel Gorozpe, nāna i hoʻomaka i 1910 e hoʻopau iā ia i ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope ma waena o ka Revolution. Hana ʻia kāna hanana i ka pōhaku paʻa a he mea hiki ma muli o kēia ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia e ka loiloi koʻikoʻi e like me ka mea kākau ʻo Justino Fernández, ka mea nāna i wehewehe he "mediocre, showy a decadent i ka ʻono", a i ʻole me ka mea kākau ʻo Francisco de la Maza, ka mea kuhikuhi iā ia ma ke ʻano "hiʻohiʻona kaumaha loa o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka manawa." ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaneʻane ʻo nā hale pule a pau o kēia manawa ua loiloi loa ʻia.
Ua hōʻoia ʻo Mr. Fernando Suárez, vicari o ka Sagrada Familia, ua kau ʻia ka pōhaku mua ma ka lā 6 o Ianuali, 1906 a ma ia lā i hele mai ai ka poʻe ma ke Alanui Chapultepec e hele i ka lehulehu i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia i loko o ka hale kahe. Ma kahi o ka iwakālua, ʻo ka makuakāne Jesuit ʻo González Carrasco, he mea pena kiʻi akamai a wikiwiki hoʻi, i hoʻonani i nā paia o ka loko o ka luakini me ke kōkua o Brother Tapia, nāna i hana nā kiʻi ʻelua wale nō.
Wahi a kahi palapala, ua kūkulu ʻia nā kī kī e kaupalena ai i ka atrium ʻaoʻao ʻākau liʻiliʻi e ka mea nui ʻo Gabelich smithy, aia ma ke kolone o nā Kauka a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi a kaulana hoʻi o ka hapa mua o kēia kenekulia. ʻO nā hana hao i hana ʻia e ola i nā kolone e like me Roma, Condesa, Juárez a me Del Valle, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mea nui a no ka mea - no kēia smithy kamahaʻo e haʻalele nei.
ʻO kekahi kumu i kipa nui ʻia ai kēia hale pule ʻo ia nā koena o ka martyr Mekiko ʻo Miguel Agustín Pro, he kahuna Jesuit i kauoha ʻia e kī ʻia e Pelekikena Plutarco Elías Calles ma Nowemapa 23, 1927, i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaʻau hoʻomana. Mālama ʻia lākou i loko o kahi hale pule liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka puka.
Ma kahi o kahi mau palaka wale aku, ma ke Alanui Cuauhtémoc, ma waena o Querétaro a me Zacatecas, ke kū nei ka hale pule hanohano o Nuestra Señora del Rosario, ka hana a nā mea kālaiʻike Mekiko ʻo Ángel a me Manuel Torres Torija.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o kēia luakini neo-Gothic ma kahi o 1920 a ua hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o 1930, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole pili ia i ka wā Porfirian, pono ia e hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o kēia ʻatikala ma muli o ka pilina me nā kaila o kēlā mau manawa; Eia kekahi, ua lawe ʻia paha kāna papahana ma mua o 1911 a hoʻolohi ʻia kāna kūkulu ʻana.
E like me ka mea maʻamau i ke kaila Gothic, i loko o kēia hale pule ke kū nei ka puka aniani rose ma ka alo, a ma kēia kiʻi triangular pediment me ke kiʻi i ke kōkua o kā mākou Lede o ka Rosary; Hoʻomaopopo nō hoʻi i nā puka ogival a me nā puka aniani, a me nā hoaka o nā piko ʻekolu e hana ana i kona akea ākea, i hoʻonani ʻia e ke kuʻi ʻana i nā puka aniani aniani i alakaʻi ʻia i alakaʻi ʻia me ka kaha i kaha ʻia i ka kiʻekiʻe.
Ma Calle de Praga helu 11, hoʻopuni ʻia e ka huikau o ka Zona Rosa, ma ke kaiāulu ʻo Juárez, ua uhi ʻia a hūnā ʻia ka hale pule o Santo Niño de la Paz ma waena o nā hale kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kāna kahuna pule, ʻo Mr. Francisco García Sancho, hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi kiʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1909, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ke kūkulu ʻia nei ka luakini, kokoke pau i ka hana ʻia, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ia he "piko" o ka hao. kau kalaunu i kēia lā ka hale kiaʻi.
ʻO Mrs. Catalina C. de Escandón nāna i hāpai i kāna kūkulu ʻana me kahi hui o nā wahine mai ka hui kiʻekiʻe o Porfirian, a hāʻawi iā ia i ka makahiki 1929 i ka Archdiocese o Mexico, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau hou i nā hana i nalowale. I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻae ke Kuhina Kalaiaina e wehe i ka luakini a ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke kahuna ʻo Alfonso Gutiérrez Fernández e hoʻohana i ka ʻoihana o kāna hoʻomana i waena o nā lālā o ke kolone Kelemania. E ʻike ʻia kēia mea hanohano mai ia manawa no kāna mau hana e lawe i mua i kēia halepule neo-Gothic.
Aia ma ke kihi o Roma a me Ladana, ma ke kaiāulu ʻo Juárez like akā ma kāna ʻāpana hikina, i kapa ʻia ma mua ʻo "kolone ʻAmelika", ke kū nei ka Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, i hoʻomaka ʻia ma kahi o 1903 a ua hoʻopau ʻia i ʻehā mau makahiki ma hope mai e ka mea kākau Mekiko ʻo José. ʻO Hilario Elguero (puka ʻia mai ke Kula Nui o ka Hana Hou ma 1895), nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i ke ʻano Neo-Romanesque i kaha ʻia. ʻO ka wahi i kū ai kēia luakini ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hanohano i ka manawa o ka Porfiriato a me nā kumu i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala.
Aia kekahi hana neo-Gothic nani hou i ka pantheon Farani kahiko o La Piedad, ma ka hema o ka Medical Center. He hale pule ia i hoʻomaka ʻia i ka makahiki 1891 a hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki aʻe e ka mea kālana Palani ʻo E. Desormes, a kū i waho no kāna wili hao openwork e piʻi ana i luna o ka façade a no kāna puka aniani rose, a ʻo ka mea i hoʻopalai ʻia i kāna ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa e kahi pediment ʻoi loa me ka kiʻi o Iesū Kristo a me nā ʻānela ʻelima i ke kōkua.
Aia ma ka ʻākau o ka History Center kahi kaiāulu ʻo Guerrero. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kolone i 1880 i nā wahi hānai e pili ana i ka Colegio de Propaganda Fide de San Fernando a ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, na ka loio ʻo Rafael Martínez de la Torre e hoʻokau.
ʻO La Guerrero i ka hoʻomaka kahi ala a i ʻole ka square i hali i ka inoa o ka loio i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna e hoʻomau i kona hoʻomanaʻo. I kēia lā ua paʻa ʻia kēlā pūnaewele e ka mākeke ʻo Martínez de la Torre a me ka hale pule ʻo Immaculate Heart of Mary (Héroes 132 kihi me Mosqueta), nona ka pōhaku mua i kau ʻia e ke kahuna ʻo Mateo Palazuelos ma Mei 22, 1887. ʻO kāna mea kākau ka ʻenekinia Ismael Rego, nāna i hoʻopau iā ia ma 1902 i ke kaila neo-Gothic.
Hoʻolālā mua ʻia no ʻekolu mau moku, hoʻokahi wale nō i kūkulu ʻia no laila ua disproportionate loa ia; Eia kekahi, ke hana ʻia nā pou pōhaku a me nā hao hao, ʻaʻole lawa ka ikaika e kū i ke ōlaʻi 1957, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale i ka paia hema mai ka waihona. Minamina, ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia pohō a ʻo ke ōlaʻi 1985 ka kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hapa, no laila ua hoʻoholo ka inba, ka sedue a me ka inah e wāwahi i ke kino o ka luakini e kūkulu i kahi hou, e pili ana i ka helehelena kahiko a me nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua, ʻaʻole ua pilikia lākou i ka hōʻino nui.
Aia ma ke komohana o Guerrero kekahi kolone o ka moʻomeheu nui, ʻo Santa María la Rivera. Ua huki ʻia i ka makahiki 1861 a no laila ke kolone nui o nā mea nui i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale, ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia ʻo Santa María e hale i ka papa waena waena kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa mua, aia nā hale i kūkulu ʻia aia ma ke kūkulu hema o kāna alanui, a pololei i kēlā wahi, ma Calle Santa María la Rivera helu 67, i hānau ʻia e ka makua José María Vilaseca, ka mea hoʻokumu o ka Hui o nā Makua. ʻO Josefinos, e hoʻolaʻa i kahi hale pule nani i ka Sagrada Familia.
ʻO kāna papahana, ma ke kaila neo-Byzantine, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo Carlos Herrera, i loaʻa ma ke Kula Nui o Fine Arts ma 1893, a me ka mea kākau o ka Monument iā Juárez ma ke ala o ka inoa like a me ka Institute of Geology -e ʻike i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Geology o ka UNAM - i mua o ka Alameda de Santa María.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka luakini ma luna o ka ʻenekini ʻo José Torres, ua waiho ʻia ka pōhaku mua ma ka lā 23 o Iulai 1899, ua pau ia ma 1906 a ua hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia ia i Kekemapa o kēlā makahiki nō. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻonui a me ka hana hou me ka hana ʻana o nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua i kū ma waena o nā pilasters frontal mānoanoa.
ʻO ka hale pule parisa ʻo María Auxiliadora, aia ma Calle de Colegio Salesiano helu 59, Colonia Anáhuac, i kūkulu ʻia e like me kahi papahana mua i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1893, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka mea kākau ʻo José Hilario Elguero, kahi mea kākau o ka hale pule o ka Sacred Heart of Jesus and o ke Kulanui ʻo Salesian, e pili kokoke ana i kahi hoʻāno o María Auxiliadora.
ʻO ka haipule Salesian mua i hōʻea i Mekiko ma mua o 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, noho ma ka ʻāina i kēlā manawa no Santa Hacienda kahiko, nona nā palena, ma ka lihi o kāna māla a ma mua o ka mea i kēia lā ke keʻena kapu, aia nā "oratories hoʻolauleʻa", kahi ʻoihana i hōʻuluʻulu i ka poʻe ʻōpio e hoʻonui iā lākou i ka moʻomeheu. Ma laila i hui ai ka poʻe i noho i ke kolone ʻo Santa Julia -o kēia lā ʻo Anahuac, no laila ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūkulu i luakini i hāpai mua ʻia no ka hacienda a ʻaʻole no ke kula ʻo Salesian.
ʻO ka Revolution a me ka hoʻomāinoino haipule -1926 a hiki i ka 1929 - paralyzed kokoke i nā hana, a hiki i ka 1952 hāʻawi ʻia ka luakini i nā haipule nāna i hāʻawi i ka mea kālaiʻike ʻo Vicente Mendiola Quezada me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka neo-Gothic style style, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻO ka papahana mua e paʻa ana i nā piʻo hao a me nā mea fiberglass o kēia au e hōʻalo i ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka pōhaku. ʻO kona mau hale kiaʻi, ʻaʻole i paʻa mau, i kēia lā ke kumu o nā hana e ʻae ai i kēia keʻena kapu e like me ka mea kūpono.
