"E ʻike ma ka lima ʻākau o nā Indies aia kahi mokupuni i kapa ʻia ʻo Kaleponi kokoke loa i ka Paradise Honua." ʻO ka sergas o Esplandián (Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo)
Ua kākau ʻo Cortés i kāna huapalapala ʻehā o ka pilina e hōʻike ana i ka huakaʻi a kekahi o kāna mau kāpena i hele aku ai i ka moku ʻo Colima: "… a ua lawe pū ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi pilina o nā haku o ka panalāʻau ʻo Ciguatán, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia he moku kahi nā wahine, me ka ʻole o nā kāne, a i kekahi mau manawa hele lākou mai ka ʻāina nui o nā kāne ... a inā hānau lākou i nā wahine mālama lākou iā lākou a inā kipaku nā kāne iā lākou mai kā lākou hui ... he ʻumi mau lā kēia mokupuni mai kēia panalāʻau ... e haʻi iaʻu hoʻi, ka lanakila, waiwai nui ia i nā momi a me ke gula ”. (Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Mōʻaukala o ka naʻi aupuni o Sepania Hou, ed. Porrúa, Mekiko, 1992.)
ʻAʻole paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo, ke ʻike nei i ka noʻonoʻo wahine - ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻAmona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa i ka ʻike o ia mea -, ma waena o nā pūnaewele i koho ʻia e nā wahine kaʻao he wahi mamao kēlā, me kona kai, kahi i nui ai nā momi, ʻoiai nā ʻAmona - inā lākou e noho ana - e leʻaleʻa lākou e kāhiko iā lākou iho me ka huahana paradoxical o kekahi o nā mollusk maikaʻi ʻole o ke kai, i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano naʻau i loko, malia paha i mea e uku ai i kona ʻino waho, me kekahi o nā makana nani loa: nā momi. Me ke kānalua ʻole e hoʻopili kēia mau "koa" i ko lākou ʻāʻī a me nā lima me nā ʻāpana a me nā pae o kēia mau mea, i hoʻopili ʻia me ka puluniu o nā magueys e ulu nui ana i kā lākou "moʻolelo" like ʻole, a ʻo ia ka hopena i kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo nani akā ʻaʻole i noho ʻia e ʻAmona.
ʻO Hernán Cortés, ka mea i huli i ka hapalua kenekulia, a me kekahi mau maʻi liʻiliʻi o kāna ponoʻī, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka hopena o kona ola weliweli, me nā manamana ʻelua o kona lima hema i kīnā ʻole a haki ka lima i ka hāʻule maikaʻi ʻole o ka lio, a ʻo kekahi kekahi i hoʻokahi wāwae ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana mai kahi pā ma Cuba, a mai ia manawa ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ke makemake i kona ahonui, e waiho ana i kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi - kahi hopena i hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ke ʻike ʻia kona mau koena i nā kanahā o ke kenekulia i hala. ka hale pule o ka Haukapila de Jesús-, ua kanalua paha ʻo ia i kēia kaao moemoeā, akā ua hōʻike maoli ʻo ia i kona hoihoi i ka paepae ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻāina i ʻauʻau ʻia ke kai i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kai hema, ʻoi aku ka nui ma waho o nā ʻāina āna i hoʻopio ai, no ia kumu ua hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e kūkulu i nā moku ma kahakai o Tehuantepec.
I ka makahiki 1527, ua haʻalele ʻia he ʻelele liʻiliʻi e Cortés a waiho ʻia ma lalo o ke kauoha a commandlvaro de Saavedra Cerón i haʻalele i ka hale hana moku a komo i loko o kēlā kai nui loa, i ko mākou mau lā ʻo ka Moana Pākīpika - kahi inoa i hoʻonui iki ʻia, a ʻo wai, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, i hōʻea i ka Ma hope o kekahi manawa i nā mokupuni ʻo Spice a i ʻole Moluccas, ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻo Cortés e hoʻonui i kāna mau naʻi aupuni i nā ʻāina ʻike ʻole a mamao aku hoʻi o ʻAsia, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hui ʻana me nā ʻAmona i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei; ʻo kona makemake e ʻike i nā kahakai o ke kai hema, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, a e nānā, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e kekahi mau kuʻuna ʻōiwi, inā he mau mokupuni waiwai nui kokoke i ka ʻāina.
Ua hana ʻia kekahi moku na Cortés, a nāna ʻo Fortún -u Ortuño- Jiménez, a ʻo ka poʻe o kāna mau limahana i kipi, ua hoʻonohonoho me kekahi poʻe "Biscayans" ... ua holo a hele aku i kahi mokupuni āna i kapa aku ai ʻo Santa Cruz, kahi a lākou i ʻōlelo ai aia he mau momi a ua noho mua ʻia e nā ʻInia e like me ka poʻe hihiu ", kākau ʻo Bernal Díaz i loko o ka hana i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei - ʻoiai, me ke alo ʻole, i loko o nā mea āpau - a ma hope o nā hakakā nui hoʻi lākou i ke awa o Jalisco:" a ma hope o ka hakakā ʻana ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā mea make nui i ke awa o Jalisco ... ua hōʻoia lākou he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ka ʻāina a piha i ka momi ”. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Nuño de Guzmán i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, "a i ʻike ai inā he mau momi, ua makemake ke kāpena a me nā koa āna i hoʻouna aku ai e hoʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou nā momi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe." (Kaha: Ua hele ʻo Bernal Díaz i kēia i kāna kumu.)
Mas Cortés - hoʻomau ʻo Bernal -, ka mea i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka hale liʻiliʻi ma Tehuantepec a "he kanaka puʻuwai", a ʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o Fortún Jiménez a me kāna poʻe kipi, ua hoʻoholo lākou e hele kino i ka "Mokupuni Momi" e nānā ka nūhou i lawe ʻia e ka moku nui ʻo Diego Becerra me nā mea ola ʻehiku o ka huakaʻi i hoʻouna ʻia ma mua, a hoʻokumu i kahi kolone ma laila, i hui pū ʻia e nā arquebusiers a me nā koa me nā moku ʻekolu: ʻo San Lázaro, ka Santa Águeda a me nā San Nicolás, ka poʻe i haʻalele mai ka hale moku Tehuantepec. ʻO ka pūʻali koa he ʻekolu haneli a me iwakālua mau kāne, ʻoiai he iwakālua me kā lākou mau wahine koa, ʻoiai - he kuhi wale kēia - ua lohe lākou i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka ʻAmona.
Ma hope o kekahi mau hebedoma o ka holo-no Cortés a me kekahi mau kāne e holo lio-, ma hope e kau ana i Chametla, ma kahakai o Sinaloa, ua hōʻea lākou i kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Santa Cruz, ʻoiai ʻo Mei 3 (ka lā o kēlā lā hoʻomaha) o! makahiki 1535. A no laila, e like me kā Bernal i ʻōlelo ai: "holo lākou i Kaleponi, he kai kūʻono kēlā." ʻAʻole ʻōlelo hou ka mea kākau moʻolelo leʻaleʻa i nā wahine, no ka mea ua luhi paha lākou, ua noho lākou ma kahi kahakai kupaianaha e kali ana no kā lākou mau kāne e hiki mai paha me nā momi i loko o kā lākou hale paʻahao i mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai iā lākou no ko lākou nalo ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi nā mea āpau: i hoʻokahi manawa ua hele ʻo Cortés i uka a, e like me kā De Gómara: "kūʻai ʻo ia ma San Miguel ... e hāʻule ana ma ka ʻāpana o Culhuacán, he nui ka soda a me ka palaoa ... a me nā puaʻa, nā pōpō a me nā hipa ..." ( ʻO Francisco de Gómara, Ka Mōʻaukala Nui o nā Indies, puke 11, ed. Lberia, Barcelona, 1966.)
Ma laila nō ia e ʻōlelo nei ʻoiai ʻo Cortés e hoʻomau nei i ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi kupaianaha a me nā hiʻona ʻāina, i waena o lākou nā pōhaku nui e hana ana i kia nui, wehe i ka puka i ke kai hāmama: “… aia kekahi pōhaku nui ma ke komohana, mai ka ʻāina, hele mua ma waena o kahi maikaʻi ke kau o ke kai ... ʻo ka mea nui loa e pili ana i kēia pōhaku ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o kona ʻi ʻia ʻana ... ma kona piko e hana ia i arch a vault ... ua like ia me ke alahaka muliwai no ka mea hāʻawi ʻia i nā wai ”, hiki loa i kēlā kia kuhi i ka inoa "Kaleponi" iā Cortés: "kāhea ka poʻe Lākina i kahi waihona a arch fornix" (Miguel del Barco, Mōʻaukala kūlohelohe a me ka moʻolelo moʻolelo o Kaleponi kahiko), "a i ke kahakai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke koloka" e pili ana i ua piʻo nei a i ʻole "vault", malia paha ʻo Cortés, ka mea makemake paha e hoʻohana i kāna ʻōlelo Lākina i aʻo ʻia ma Salamanca i kēlā me kēia manawa, i kapa ʻia kēia wahi nani: "Cala Fornix" -o "cove o ka arch" -, e hoʻololi ana i kāna mau luina i "Kaleponi" , ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i kāna heluhelu ʻōpio o nā puke, i makemake nui ʻia i kēlā manawa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka holo lio".
Ua kamaʻilio pū ʻia ka moʻomeheu i ka mea lanakila ua kapa ʻia ke kai, kahi e lawe koke ai i kona inoa, a e hōʻike ana hoʻi i kona ʻano noʻonoʻo - i loaʻa ʻole iā ia - ke kai Bermejo: ʻo kēia no ke kala, a i kekahi mau napoʻo ʻana o ke kai e komo ana, e loaʻa ana nā pale ma waena o he gula a ʻulaʻula: i kēlā mau manawa ʻaʻole ia ke kai polū hohonu hohonu a i ʻole ka pale a ke ao e hāʻawi ai iā ia. I kēia manawa ua lilo i kai o ke gula me kahi pā keleawe liʻiliʻi, kūlike i ka inoa nani i hāʻawi ʻia e ka naʻi aupuni.
He mau manaʻo hoihoi ʻē aʻe kā Mas Cortés: ʻo kekahi o lākou, ʻo ka mea nui paha paha, ʻoiai ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻāina a me ke kai, ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa momi a haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kai Hema e holo ma kahakai i kahi kai ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole ke awāwa kokoke, Hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia i kona inoa - e pani iā ia i mau kenekulia ma hope e ke Kai Kūʻono o Kaleponi- i mea e hoʻolaʻa ai iā ia iho i kēia hana, ma ke kai kūʻono o Santa Cruz, a me ka kūleʻa nui ʻana i ka hui. Hoʻohui hou, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i loko o nā wahi ʻāina nui - kahi i iki ʻole ka ua-, i haku ʻia me nā cacti a me nā oasis o nā lāʻau pāma a me nā moena me nā mea kanu ulu, e kūʻē i ke kua o nā kuahiwi nunui, ʻokoʻa i nā mea āna i ʻike ai. ʻAʻole poina ka naʻi aupuni i kāna misiona ʻelua, ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi i ka ʻāina i kona mōʻī a me kona mau ʻuhane i kona Akua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā mea hope loa i kēlā manawa, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā kamaʻāina, no ka mea he mau ʻike maikaʻi ʻole me nā huakaʻi naʻi aupuni- ma mua.
I kēia manawa, ua huhū ʻo Dona Juana de Zúñiga, i loko o kona hale aliʻi ma Cuernavaca, e ka noho lōʻihi ʻole o kāna kāne. Ma muli o kāna mea i kākau ai iā ia, e like me ka Bernal hiki ʻole ke aloha: aloha nui, me nā huaʻōlelo a me nā pule i hoʻi ʻo ia i kona mokuʻāina a me ka marquise. Ua hele pū nō hoʻi ʻo Juana hoʻomanawanui lōʻihi i ka vicien don Antonio de Mendoza, "ʻono loa a aloha" e noi ana iā ia e hoʻihoʻi i kāna kāne. Ma hope o ke kauoha a ka ʻelele a me nā makemake a Dona Juana, ʻaʻohe koho a Cortés ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana a hoʻi hou i Acapulco koke. Ma hope mai, "hōʻea ana e Cuernavaca, kahi o ka wahine, kahi e hauʻoli nui ai, a ʻoliʻoli nā hoalauna āpau i kona hiki ʻana mai", e loaʻa maoli nō iā Juana Juana kahi makana maikaʻi na Don Hernando, a ʻaʻohe mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kekahi mau momi ma mua o nā mea like ʻē aʻe. e unuhi mai ke kāhea, i kēlā manawa, ka "Mokupuni Momi" -e manaʻo nei i ka Caribbean a, ma hope, ʻo Cerralvo Island-, kahi o ka naʻi aupuni i noho ai, e nānā ana i nā ʻōiwi a me kā lākou mau koa e hoʻolei iā lākou iho i ka hohonu. mai ke kai a kū aʻe me kāna waiwai.
Akā ʻo ka mea i kākau ʻia ma luna nei ka mana o Bernal Díaz hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia. Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā "ʻāina me he mea lā ākea a noho ʻia akā hohonu i ke kai." ʻO ka poʻe o Ortuño Jiménez, ka huakaʻi i hoʻouna ʻia e Cortés, ua manaʻo lākou he mokupuni nui ia, waiwai paha, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau leʻaleʻa momi ma kona mau kapakai. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi nā lālā o ka huakaʻi i hoʻouna ʻia e ka naʻi aupuni, ʻaʻole paha ʻo Hernán Cortés ponoʻī, e ʻike i ka waiwai nui o kēia kai, ʻaʻole wale ma nā momi i kakali ʻia a kakali ʻia hoʻi, akā, me nā ʻano nui o nā holoholona kai. ʻO kāna huakaʻi i ke kai i hōʻike ʻia aʻe ma luna, i ka mahina o Mei, ua hala ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hōʻea ʻana mai a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā koholā. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā ʻāina i hoʻopio ʻia e Cortés, e like me nā Cid, "ākea" i mua o kāna lio a ma mua o kāna mau moku.
