I ka makahiki 1521, ua ʻike ʻo Fernando de Magallanes, kahi hoʻokele Pukiki i ka lawelawe ʻo Sepania, i kahi pae moku nui ma kāna huakaʻi kaʻapuni kaulana, a ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo San Lázaro.
I kēlā manawa, me ka ʻae ʻia e Pope Alexander VI, Portugal a Sepania i kaʻana like ai i ka Honua Hou i ʻike ʻia ma 29 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka noho aliʻi o ke kai Hema - ka Moana Pākīpika - he mea nui ia no nā aupuni mana ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea nāna i hoʻokō i kahi hana me ka nīnau ʻole, "Ka mea nona ka Orb".
Ua ʻike a makemake ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa mai ka kenekulia 14 i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā huahana hikina a i kekahi mau hihia i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o kā lākou waiwai, no laila ua ʻike hou ka ʻike a me ka noho ʻana o ʻAmelika i ka pono e hoʻokumu i ka pilina paʻa loa i makemake ʻia me ka emepela. o ka Great Khan, ka mea nona nā mokupuni o nā mea ʻala, nā silika, nā porcelain, nā mea ʻala exotic, nā momi gigantic a me ka pauda.
ʻO ke kālepa ʻana me ʻAsia ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i kahi huakaʻi kupaianaha no ʻEulopa e pili ana i ka nūhou a me nā hōʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e Marco Polo, no laila ʻaʻole i makemake nui ʻia kekahi huahana mai kēlā mau ʻāina mamao, akā ua kūʻai ʻia hoʻi ma nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Ma muli o kona kūlana kulekele, ʻo New Spain kahi wahi kūpono e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina lōʻihi i kali ʻia, ʻoiai ka mea a Sepania i manaʻo ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana iā Andrés Niño i 1520, a ʻo Jofre de Loaiza i 1525, e pili ana iā ʻApelika a komo i ke Kai ʻInikia. Ma waho o nā huakaʻi nui loa, ua hopena lākou i nā holomua ʻole; No kēia kumu, ua uku ʻo Hernán Cortés lāua ʻo Pedro de Alvarado, ma hope koke iho o ka lanakila ʻana o Mekiko, no ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi mau moku i lako kaua ʻia ma Zihuatanejo me nā mea maikaʻi loa.
ʻO kēia nā huakaʻi mua ʻelua e hoʻāʻo ana mai Nu Sepania a hiki i nā kapakai Hikina; Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā manaʻolana no ka kūleʻa, ua hoʻokō ʻole lāua ʻelua no nā kumu like ʻole e komo wale ana i ka Moana Pākīpika.
ʻO ka manawa kēia o ka hope vikena Don Luis de Velasco (makuakāne) e hoʻāʻo hou i ka makahiki 1542 i ka papahana kolohe. No laila, uku ʻo ia no ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻehā mau moku nui, he brig a me kahi mokuahi, a ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Ruy López de Villalobos, ua holo aku mai Puerto de la Navidad me 370 mau ohua o ka moku.
Ua hiki i kēia huakaʻi ke hiki aku i ka pae ʻāina i kapa ʻia e Magellan ʻo San Lázaro a ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo "Philippines", no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke keiki aliʻi kalaunu ia manawa.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka "huakaʻi hoʻi" a "hoʻi" paha i pilikia nui o ia mau ʻoihana, no laila no kekahi mau makahiki ua kāpae ʻia ka papahana no ka loiloi, ma ka Metropolis a me ke kapikala o ka hope aupuni o New Kepania; ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua kauoha ʻo Felipe II, i ka makahiki 1564, ua kauoha ka luna aupuni o Velasco e hoʻomākaukau i pūʻali koa hou e alakaʻi ʻia e Don Miguel López de Legazpi a me ka mōneka ʻo Agustino Andrés de Urdaneta, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke ala e hoʻi ai i kahi i hoʻomaka ai.
Me ka kūleʻa i loaʻa mai ka hoʻi ʻana i Acapulco o ka San Pedro Galleon, ʻo ka moku i kauoha ʻia e Urdaneta, ʻEulopa a me ka Hikina Hikina e hoʻopili pili ʻia e Mexico.
ʻO Manila, hoʻokumu a hoʻomalu ʻia e López de Legazpi, lilo i ʻāina hilinaʻi o ka Viceroyalty o New Spain ma 1565 a no ʻAsia ʻo ia ka Acapulco no ʻAmelika Hema: , i nā helu kalepa kahi i hoʻolaha ai nā mea kūʻai aku waiwai nui o kona manawa ”.
Mai India, Ceylon, Kambupila, ka Moluccas, Kina a me Iapana, nā mea waiwai o nā mea maka like ʻole i kāʻei ʻia ma Pilipine, nona ka hopena hope loa ʻo ka mākeke ʻEulopa; Eia nō naʻe, ka mana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka viceroyalty Sepania ikaika, ka mea i kaʻana like i nā hua mua i pae i Acapulco me kāna hoa Peru, waiho iki i kāna mau mea kūʻai aku i ka Old World.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻāina hikina e hana i nā laina kikoʻī o nā mea i makemake wale ʻia no ka lawe aku, ʻoiai nā huahana mahiʻai e like me ka laiki, ka pepa, ka mango ... i hoʻolauna haʻahaʻa a acclimatized i nā māla Mekiko. Ma ka ʻāpana, ua loaʻa ʻo ʻAkia i ka koko, ka kulina, ka pīni, ke kālā a me ke gula i loko o nā ingoti, a me nā "peso ikaika" i hana ʻia i ka Mint Mekiko.
Ma muli o ke kaua o ke kūʻokoʻa, ua kāpae ke kālepa ʻana me ka Hikina i ka hana ʻia mai ke awa o Acapulco a ua hoʻololi ʻia i San Blas, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā makana hope loa o nā mea kūʻai aku mai nā ʻāina kaʻao mai o Gran Kan. I Malaki 1815, ua holo ka Magallanes Galleon mai nā kahakai ʻo Mexico e holo ana no Manila, pani pani ʻia he 250 mau makahiki o ke kalepa moana ma waena o New Spain a me ka Hikina hikina.
ʻO nā inoa o Catharina de San Juan, kēlā kamāliʻiwahine Hindu i noho ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Puebla, ka "China Poblana" kaulana, a ʻo Felipe de las Casas, ʻo San Felipe de Jesús ka mea i kaulana loa, e pili mau ana me ia. ʻO Manila Galleon, ka Nao de Kina a i ʻole ka moku silika.
Carlos Romero Giordano
