ʻO El Chichonal –also i kapa ʻia ʻo Chichón– kahi lua pele stratified 1,060 m kiʻekiʻe aia ma ke komohana ʻākau o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas, ma kahi ʻāina mauna e pili pū me nā kaona ʻo Francisco León a me Chapultenango.
No hoʻokahi kenekulia a ʻoi paha mau kenekulia o nā luaipele o ka Hikina Hema Mekiko i noho i kahi lethargy hohonu. Eia nō naʻe, i ka pō o ka Lāpule, Malaki 28, 1982, ma ka hola 11:32, ua ala koke kahi lua pele kokoke ʻole i ʻike ʻia: El Chichonal. ʻO kona ʻano pele he ʻano Plinian ia, a ikaika loa i loko o kanahā mau minuke ka uhi o ka pele i 100 km ke anawaena a ʻaneʻane 17 km ke kiʻekiʻe.
I ke kakahiaka nui o ka lā 29, ua heleleʻi kahi ua lehu ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche a me kahi ʻāpana o Oaxaca, Veracruz a me Puebla. He mea pono e kipaku aku i nā tausani o ka poʻe o ka ʻāina; pani ʻia nā kahua mokulele, e like me ka nui o nā alanui. Pau nā māla o ka maiʻa, koko, kope a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
I nā lā aʻe, ua hoʻomau ka pahū a ua pālahalaha ka lua pele i waenakonu o ka ʻāina. Ma ʻApelila 4 ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōhaku i ʻoi aku ma mua o ko Malaki 28; Ua hana kēia pele hou i kolamu i komo i loko o ka stratosfer; I loko o kekahi mau lā, ua hoʻopuni ka hapa nui o ke ao lehu i ka honua: ua hōʻea i Hawaii i ka lā 9 ʻApelila. Iapana ma ka la 18; i ke Kaiʻula, ma 21 a, ma ka hopena, ma ʻApelila 26, keʻa i ka Moana ʻAkelanika.
Ma kahi o iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope o kēia mau hanana, hoʻomanaʻo mamao ʻo El Chichonal i ka hoʻomanaʻo pūʻulu, i kahi ala no nā ʻōpio a me nā keiki he hōʻailona wale nō ia o ka lua pele e ʻike ʻia i loko o nā puke moʻolelo. I mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i hoʻokahi makahiki hou aʻe o ka pele a ʻike i nā ʻano o El Chichonal i kēia manawa, ua huakaʻi mākou i kēia wahi hoihoi.
OLELO HOOLAHA
ʻO Colonia Volcán El Chichonal kahi hoʻomaka no kēlā me kēia huakaʻi. ʻO kahi kahakaha i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1982 e nā mea i pakele o ka noho kumu. Ma kēia wahi ua haʻalele mākou i nā kaʻa a hoʻolimalima i nā lawelawe o kahi ʻōpio e alakaʻi iā mākou i ka piko.
He 5 mau mile ka mamao o ka lua pele, no laila ma 8:30 o ke kakahiaka ua hele mākou e hoʻohana i ke kakahiaka anuanu. Ua huakaʻi iki mākou i ka hapalua kilomita ke hōʻike aku ʻo Pascual, ko mākou alakaʻi, i ka huakaʻi a mākou i hele ai i kēlā manawa a ʻōlelo ʻo "Ma mua ke kaona ma mua o ka pele." ʻAʻohe kahakai o kahi kaiāulu holomua o 300 mau kamaʻāina.
Mai kēia wahi ua maopopo leʻa ua hoʻololi maoli ʻia ke kaiaolaola o ka ʻāina. Ma kahi ma kahi o nā māla, nā kahawai a me kahi ululāʻau mānoanoa kahi e ulu ai ka ola holoholona, i kēia lā aia nā puʻu a me nā pāpū ākea i uhi ʻia me nā pōhaku, nā ʻiliʻili a me ke one, i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei i ka mauna mai ka ʻaoʻao hikina, palena ʻole ka manaʻo o ka hanohano. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pali ke piʻi ma mua o 500 m o ke kaulike ʻole, no laila he laumania ke piʻi ʻana a ʻumikūmākahi i ke kakahiaka aia mākou 300 m mai ka piko o ka lua pele.
ʻO ka lua pele he "pola" nui hoʻokahi mile ke anawaena ma ka lalo o ia kahi loko nani o ka wai melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma ke kapa kūpono o ka loko ʻike mākou i nā fumaroles a me nā ao o ka mahu e puka mai kahi ʻala sulfur. I loko nō o ka mamao loa, hiki iā mākou ke lohe maopopo i ka pakele ʻana o ka mahu i ka pakele.
Ke iho nei i lalo o ka lua pele iā mākou i 30 mau minuke. He paʻakikī e hāpai i kahi hoʻonohonoho kūpuna; hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o ka "pola" i ka papa o nā kahua pāʻani he ʻumi, me nā paia pali e piʻi ana he 130 m kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pilau o ka luaipele, nā fumaroles a me nā kahawai o ka wai kohua e hoʻomanaʻo mai iā mākou i nā kiʻi o kahi honua kahiko a mākou i poina ai.
Aia pono i waenakonu o ka lua pele, ʻālohilohi ka loko me he momi lā i nā kukuna o ka lā. ʻO kona ana hoʻohālikelike he 500 m ka lōʻihi e 300 ākea a me ka awelika hohonu o 1.5 m e loli e like me ke kau maloʻo a me ka ua. ʻO ka tonality kūikawā o ka wai ma muli o ka ʻike o nā minelala, ʻo ka sulfur hoʻi, a me ka sediment e lawe mau ʻia e nā fumaroles. ʻEkolu o kaʻu mau hoa hele e haʻalele i ka manawa kūpono e lū a luʻu i loko o ka wai mehana, e lele ana ka mahana ma waena o 33º a me 34ºC, ʻoiai e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia a 56º.
Ma waho aʻe o kona nani nani, hāʻawi ka huakaʻi o ka lua pele iā mākou i nā mea pūʻiwa, ʻoi loa ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina ʻākau loa, kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai ka hana hydrothermal ikaika me nā loko i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a me nā punawai o ka wai; nā fumaroles e hoʻopuka i nā wai māhu i waiwai i ka hydrogen sulfide; solfataras, kahi e puka mai ai ke kinoea sulfur, a me nā geysers e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike kupaianaha. Ke hele nei i kēia wahi hana mākou i ke akahele loa, no ka mea ʻo ka awelika o ka māhu he 100 ° C, akā ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 400 kekelē. Pono e mālama nui ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i nā "vaporizing papahele" - nā mokulele mokulele e pakele ana mai nā māwae i ka pōhaku - e like me ke kaupaona ʻana o ke kanaka e hiki ai ke iho i lalo a hōʻike i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana ma lalo o lākou.
No ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina, weliweli ka hū o El Chichonal a loaʻa nā hopena weliweli. ʻOiai ua haʻalele ka hapa nui o lākou i kā lākou waiwai i ka manawa, ua pūʻiwa ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka wikiwiki o ka hanana a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma muli o ka ua o ka tephra a me ka lappilli - lehu a me nā ʻāpana pōhaku - i uhi i nā alanui a pale i ko lākou puka ʻana. Ua ukali ʻia ka hāʻule lehu e ka kipaku ʻia ʻana o nā kahe pyroclastic, nā avalanc o ka lehu ahi, nā ʻāpana o ka pōhaku a me ke kinoea i neʻe me ka wikiwiki loa a holo i lalo o nā pali o ka lua pele, e kanu ana i kekahi mau kauhale ma lalo o kahi 15 mika manoanoa. o nā kenekulia o nā rancherías, e like me nā kūlanakauhale Roma o Pompeii a me Herculaneum, i ka AD 79 ua ʻeha ka lua pele o Vesuvius.
I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo El Chichonal kahi luaipele hana maʻalahi a, no kēia kumu, nānā pono nā loea mai ka Institute of Geophysics o UNAM i nā hoʻokuʻu uila, ka mahana o ka wai, nā hana seismic a me nā palena ʻē aʻe i hiki ke aʻo i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana lua pele a me ka hiki o ka pele hou aʻe.
Ua hoʻi iki ke ola i kēlā wahi; ua uhi ʻia nā kuahiwi e hoʻopuni ana i ka lua pele me nā mea kanu mahalo i ka momona nui o ka lehu a me nā ʻano holoholona o ia wahi i noho hou i ka nahele. Ma kahi mamao aku, kū aʻe nā kaiāulu hou a me lākou ka manaʻolana ʻo El Chichonal, kēia manawa, e hiamoe mau loa ana.
N TI ʻlelo AINA NO KA HUAKAI
He wahi ʻenekini ʻo Pichucalco, nā hale ʻaina, nā hōkele, nā hale kūʻai lāʻau a me nā hale kūʻai. He maʻalahi ia e waihona ma aneʻi me nā mea āpau āu e makemake ai, ʻoiai ma nā wahi aʻe he liʻiliʻi nā lawelawe. E pili ana i ka lole, pono e komo i ka lole wāwae lōʻihi, i ka pālule a i ka palule, i ka pāpale a i ka pāpale, a i nā kāmaʻa a i ʻole nā kāmaʻa ʻumiʻumi me nā kapua ʻoʻoleʻa e pale ai i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae. I loko o kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi, pono i kēlā me kēia mea holo wāwae ke lawe i ka liʻiliʻi o ʻehā liters o ka wai a me nā meaʻai no kahi meaʻai māmā; nā kokoleka, nā sanwika, nā ʻāpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole pono e poina ka kāmela
Mahalo ka mea kākau o ka ʻatikala i ke kākoʻo waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ka hui ʻo La Victoria.
Inā ʻoe e hele i EL CHICHONAL
Ke haʻalele nei mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Villahermosa, e hele i ke ala aupuni pekelala no. 195 iā Tuxtla Gutiérrez. Ma ke ala e ʻike ʻoe i nā kaona o Teapa, Pichucalco a me Ixtacomitán. I ka hope, e hāhai i ka hoʻololi i Chapultenango (22 km) a hiki i Colonia Volcán El Chichonal (7 km). Mai kēia wahi pono ʻoe e hele wāwae i 5 mau kilomita a hiki i ka lua pele.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 296 / ʻOkakopa 2001
