He ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana nā pilina ma waena o nā kāne ma o nā mea, e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai me nā mea archaeological i loaʻa i Paquimé i ka wā o nā ʻeli i hana ʻia e Dr. Charles Di Peso
ʻAe kēia mau mea iā mākou e kiʻi i kahi manaʻo kūpono e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka poʻe a pehea i hoʻolilo ai i ko lākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Hōʻike ka papa inoa o nā moʻomeheu waiwai i nā kāne i noho ma nā kauhale ma nā kahawai o ka ʻāina. Ua ʻaʻahu lākou i nā kapa nani i hana ʻia me nā olonā i lawe ʻia mai nā agaves i ulu ma nā pali o nā kuahiwi. Ua pena lākou i ko lākou mau helehelena me nā kiʻi geometric me nā kaula kaulike a me nā kaulike, ma luna o nā maka a ma nā papalina, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā moku anthropomorphic o nā keramika nani ʻOihana Nui Casas
Ua ʻoki lākou i ko lākou lauoho i mua a waiho lōʻihi i ke kua. Kau ʻia lākou mai ko lākou mau pepeiao, nā lima a me ka ʻāʻī, nā apo pepeiao (cones e like me nā bele) i hana ʻia me nā mea o ke kai a me / a keleawe paha.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi pāʻoihana o kēia mau huahana mai ka wā kahiko, ʻoiaʻiʻo ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu mua ma ia wahi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kālepa ʻana o kēia mau ʻatikala, i pili pono me kā lākou mau manaʻoʻiʻo āpau a kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kumuwaiwai i hoʻolako ʻia e ke kūlohelohe iā lākou. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻo nā mines keleawe a me nā turquoise mua loa o ka Hispanic, ʻo nā mea i aʻo ʻia e nā archaeologists, aia ma ka moku ʻo Gila, kahi kokoke i ka heluna o Silver City, ma ka hema o New Mexico, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o 600 mile ʻākau.
Aia nā waihona keleawe ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i loaʻa ma ka wahi dune Samalayuca, 300 mau kilomita i ka hikina. Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he nui e hoʻopili i nā mines Zacatecas me nā moʻomeheu ʻākau; Eia nō naʻe, i nā manawa o ka hanohano o Paquimé, he lole archaeological wale nō kā Chalchihuites.
Ma kahi o 500 mau kilomita i ke komohana, ma o nā kuahiwi, nā kapa pūpū kokoke loa iā Paquimé, a mamao loa aku no kēlā mau hui i kālepa aku i ke keleawe no nā pūpū a me nā hulu kala o ka macaw ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau. He pīhoihoi ka makemake o nā Chichimecas o Paquimé i ka pūpū ma kahi o nā pōhaku kūloko e hana i kā lākou kāhiko. ʻO kekahi mea i mahalo nui ʻia he turquoise, lawe ʻia mai nā mines Cerrillos ma ka moku ʻo Gila.
E ʻae ka hana noiʻi a me ka loiloi i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua e ʻike me ka maopopo i nā wahi i kū mai ai ke keleawe a me ka turquoise ma ka ʻāina o ka Great Chichimeca a me Mesoamerica, a i nā wā ʻokoʻa o ka noho ʻana, no ka mea i kēia lā ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka Loaʻa ʻo Turquoise i nā pūnaewele e pili ana i nā manawa Toltec a me Aztec, a i hoʻohana ʻia e nā hui ʻē aʻe e like me ka poʻe Tarasse, Mixtecs a me Zapotecs, mai nā wahi mamao loa o Nū Mekiko.
I ka hihia o Paquimé ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka wā waena, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o nā makahiki 1060 a me 1475 o ko mākou au, i kūlike i ka manawa o nā Toltecs o Quetzalcóatl a me nā Mayans o Chichén Itzá, a me nā kumu o ka hoʻomana o Tezcatlipoca.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Fray Bernardino de Sahagún ʻo ka Toltecs nā kāne Mesoamerican mua i mākaʻikaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻākau e ʻimi i nā Turquoises. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o Tlacatéotl, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo chalchíhuitl, a i ʻole turquoise maikaʻi, a me tuxíhuitl, a i ʻole turquoise maʻamau i ka mākeke.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia pōhaku e nā Chichimecas o Paquimé e hana i kekahi mau mea hoʻonaninani, e like me nā lei no nā lei a me nā apo pepeiao. Ma kahi o ʻelua haneli mau makahiki ʻo Chichimecas, Anasazi, Hohokam a me Mogollón o ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻonui loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai o kēia pōhaku maikaʻi. Kākoʻo kekahi mau archaeologists, e like me Kauka Di Peso, i ka manaʻo ʻo ia nā Toltec i kaohi i ka mining a me ka mākeke ma Nū Mekiko - e pili pū ana me ka wahi ʻo Maya, ka mauna waena a me ke komohana - me ka ʻākau o Mexico.
ʻO nā mea archaeological nui o ka honua ma mua o ka Hispanic ka pā a i ʻole nā effigies i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mosaics turquoise. Hōʻike kēia lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mea i hana ʻia me kēia mea a me kona kumu haole hiki.
Ua kahe nā ala kalepa mai ka ʻākau a ka hema ma waena o ka ʻāina, ma ke komohana a me ka waena nui, nā ala e hoʻohana ʻia e ka Paniolo e lanakila i nā ʻāina Chichimeca.
No Phil Weigand, kahi hopena pololei o ka hoʻoulu mua ʻana o ka Hispanic mining i ka wehe ʻana o nā ala kalepa, ʻoiai kahi ʻoihana holomua e koi ana i kahi kikowaena hoʻolaha maikaʻi. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia huahana i mālama ʻia i ka loaʻa ʻana e nā hui kaiaulu paʻakikī e hōʻoia i ka hana ma nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā manawa like ʻole, e hoʻomohala ana i nā ala o ka pono no nā kikowaena hana nui a, ʻoi aku, no ka Nā kikowaena mea kūʻai Mesoamerican.
Puna: Nā Paukū o ka Mōʻaukala Helu 9 ʻO nā Koa o ka ʻĀkau ākau / Pepeluali 2003
