ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko, ke kikowaena nui o ka lehulehu o ka ʻāina, kahi ma kahi o ka mōʻaukala i pili ai nā mana civila a me nā hoʻomana.
I ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic ua noho ʻia e nā ʻohana Mexica mai nā moʻolelo kaʻao Aztlán, ka mea i noho ma kahi i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā wānana kahiko: he pōhaku kahi e loaʻa ai kahi cactus a ma luna ona e ʻaeto ai ka ʻolika. Wahi a nā ʻike mōʻaukala, ua loaʻa i ka Mekiko kēlā wahi a noho ma laila e hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa ʻo Tenochtitlan; Ua manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻepekema ua hele mai kēlā inoa mai ka inoa kapakapa o ke kahuna nāna lākou i alakaʻi: ʻo Tenoch, ʻoiai ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano o "ke ana akua ma kahi o Mexltli."
ʻO ia ka makahiki 1325 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka noho ʻana o ka mokupuni, e hoʻomaka ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i wahi kikowaena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, nā hale aliʻi, nā hale hoʻomalu a me nā alanui e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻāina nui me nā kaona o Tepeyac, Tacuba, Iztapalapa a me Coyoacán. ʻO ka ulu ulu ʻole o ke kūlanakauhale mua o ka Hispanic i loaʻa kahi hanana kūloko o ke kūlanakauhale, me nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o chinampas i kūkulu ʻia ma ka loko o ke awāwa, nā alanui i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei a me nā auwai no ka hoʻokele e hoʻohui i nā wai a me nā ʻāina, a me nā alahaka a me nā loka e hooponopono i ka wai. Ma waho o kēia, ua ʻike ʻia ka holomua hoʻokele a me ka nohona i ulu ma kahi o 200 mau makahiki me ka ikaika nui ma kahi o nā wahi moʻomeheu a pau o kēlā manawa. He mea kupaianaha loa kēia ulu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale ʻōiwi i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā poʻe kūpuna Sepania i ka makahiki 1519, ua pūʻiwa lākou i ka manaʻo nui o ke kūlanakauhale a me ka nohona kanaka i hōʻike ʻia i mua o lākou.
Ma hope o kekahi mau pūʻali koa i hoʻopau i ka hāʻule o ke kūlanakauhale ʻōiwi kamahaʻo, ua noho mua ka poʻe Paniolo ma Coyoacán, kahi a Kāpena Hernán Cortés i uku aku ai i kāna poʻe ukali me ka waiwai pio i loaʻa ma Tenochtitlan, i ka manawa like o ka papahana o ka hoʻokumu kahi kūlanakauhale nui o ke aupuni o Sepania Hou, e koho ana i nā luna a hana i ka Hale Kaona mua. Ua manaʻo mua lākou e hoʻokumu ia i nā kaona o Coyoacán, Tacuba a me Texcoco, ʻoiai ua hoʻoholo ʻo Cortés ʻoiai ʻo Tenochtitlan ka mea nui a koʻikoʻi nui o ka mana ʻōiwi, ʻo ia ka pūnaewele kahi noho o ke aupuni o New Spain.
I ka hoʻomaka o 1522 ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale Sepania hou, kahi hui i mālama i ka mea kūkulu hale ʻo Alonso García Bravo, nāna i waiho i ka Tenochtitlan kahiko, e hoʻihoʻi ana i nā alanui a wehewehe i nā wahi no ka hale a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā Paniolo i ke kinona reticular, mālama ʻia kona anapuni no ka lāhui ʻōiwi. ʻO kēia nā palena, ma ke ala kokoke, ke alanui o Santísima ma ka hikina, ʻo San Jerónimo a ʻo San Miguel paha ma ka hema, ʻo Santa Isabel ma ke komohana a me kahi o Santo Domingo ma ka ʻākau, e mālama nei i nā quadrants o kulanakauhale ʻōiwi kahi i hoʻokau ʻia ai nā inoa Kalikiano o San Juan, Santa María, San Sebastián a me San Pablo. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā hale, e hoʻomaka ana me nā "moku moku", kahi hale paʻa i ʻae ai i ka poʻe Paniolo e pale iā lākou iho mai nā haunaele ʻōiwi kūpono. Kūkulu ʻia paha kēia hale paʻa ma waena o 1522 a me 1524, ma kahi e kūkulu ʻia ai ka Halemai de San Lázaro. Ua hoʻomau ka lehulehu i ka inoa o Tenochtitlan no kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka inoa o Temixtitan. ʻO nā hale i kōkua iā ia i ka wanaʻao o ke kolona kahi hale moku ʻē aʻe, kaupalena ʻia e nā alanui o Tacuba, San José el Real, Empedradillo a me Plateros, nā hale o ke kaona, ka hale kūʻai pipi, ka hale paʻahao, nā hale kūʻai no nā mea kālepa a me ke plaza. kahi i kau ʻia ai ke ʻolokeʻa a me ka pillory. Mahalo i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ma 1548 ua hāʻawi ʻia i kona kapa kila a me ke poʻo inoa o "ke kūlanakauhale hanohano, hanohano a kūpaʻa hoʻi".
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 16, ua loaʻa i ke kapikala incipient o Nu Sepania ma kahi o 35 mau hale nui, a he kakaikahi wale nō nā mea i mālama ʻia ma muli o nā hoʻololi a me nā hana hou a lākou i ʻeha ai. No laila, ma kahi laʻana, i ka makahiki 1524 ka luakini a me ka hale konikona o Kapalakiko, kekahi o nā mea kahiko loa; ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hale konikula i nā manawa ma hope aku a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka luakini i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu e hoʻohui ana i kahi Churrigueresque façade. Aia kekahi kula ʻo San Idelfonso, hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1588 a kūkulu hou ʻia e Father Cristóbal de Escobar y Llamas i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 18, me nā ʻāpana kapu o ke ʻano Churrigueresque incipient. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hale ka luakini ʻo Santo Domingo a me ka hale konikona, ka mua o ke kauoha Dominican i ka ʻāina; Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka luakini ma 1590 a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hale ʻēkē mua e kekahi hale ʻē aʻe i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1736 ma ke kaila Baroque, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o ka hale ʻaha. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka luakini i kūkulu ʻia ai ka Hale Aliʻi o ka Inekuisitio, kahi hana mai ka makahiki 1736 i pani i ka pā i mua ma laila; ua kūkulu ʻia ka paʻakikī e ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo Pedro de Arrieta i kahi ʻano baroque sober. ʻO ia ka hale o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Mekiko Medicine.
ʻO ke Kulanui Royal a me Pontifical o Mekiko, ka mea mua loa ma ʻAmelika, i hala ʻole i kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1551 a ua kūkulu ʻia kona hale e Kāpena Melchor Dávila. Hoʻopili ʻia iā ia ka Hale Aliʻi o ka ʻAkupihopa, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1554 a hōʻano hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1747. Aia kekahi hale haukapila a me ka hale pule o Iesū, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1524 a me kekahi o nā hale liʻiliʻi e mālama hapa nei i kona kūlana kumu. ʻO ke kahua ma kahi a lākou e kuhikuhi ai i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā mea mōʻaukala ma kahi a Hernán Cortés lāua ʻo Moctezuma II i hui ai i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka mea mua i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka loko o ka haukapila i waiho i nā koena o Hernán Cortés no nā makahiki he nui.
ʻO kahi hui o ka haukapila a me ka luakini ʻo San Juan de Dios, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1582 a hoʻololi ʻia i ka kenekulia 17 me kahi puka puka o ka luakini ma ke ʻano Baroque. ʻO ka hale nui ʻo Metropolitan ma kahi o kahi o nā hale i ʻike nui ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻomaka kona kūkulu ʻia ʻana ma 1573 mai kahi papahana e ka mea kākau kiʻi ʻo Claudio de Arciniega, a ua hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o 300 mau makahiki ma hope me ke komo pū ʻana o nā kāne e like me José Damián Ortiz de Castro lāua ʻo Manu Tolsá Ua hele mai ka hui nui e hoʻohui i kāna hanana ikaika i nā ʻano like ʻole i kū mai ka baroque a i ka neoclassical, e hele ana i loko o ka Herrerian.
Minamina, nā wai nui i hōʻino i ke kūlanakauhale i kēlā manawa i hāʻawi i ka luku ʻia o kahi ʻāpana nui o nā hale o nā kenekulia 16 a me 17 i mua; Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka Tenochtitlan kahiko, me ka hana hou, e hana i nā hale hanohano i nā makahiki aʻe.
