Ua ukali ka Hispanization o ka ʻākau ʻo Mekiko i nā ala like ʻole me ka laulā o kēlā wahi a me nā ʻano o nā hui ʻōiwi.
He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka hana a ka poʻe Paniolo i mua. ʻO Hernan Cortes Ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kekahi mau huakaʻi holo moana ma ka moana Pākīpika, ʻoiai ʻo Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca i hana i kahi huakaʻi he ʻewalu mau makahiki - maikaʻi a pīhoihoi hoʻi - ma waena o Texas a me Sinaloa (1528-1536). Ma ia manawa like, e neʻe ana ʻo Nuño de Guzmán ma ke komohana ʻākau, ma ʻō aku o Culiacán, a i kekahi manawa ma hope mai ua hōʻea ʻo Fray Marcos de Niza lāua ʻo Francisco Vázquez de Coronado ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e ʻimi nei i nā manaʻo ʻehiku. Nā kūlanakauhale o Cíbola ...
Ma hope o lākou ua hele mai ka pūʻali koa, nā mea minia a me nā poʻe noho o nā lāhui like ʻole mai New Spain nāna i hoʻokumu i nā pale palena, hoʻohana i nā aʻa momona o ke kālā ma nā kuahiwi a i ʻole ua hoʻomaka wale i kahi ola hou me ka mālama pipi ʻana a i ʻole nā hana ʻē aʻe a lākou i ʻike he kūpono. A ʻoiai ua hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ko mākou mau kūlanakauhale ʻākau mai ka makahiki 16 - Zacatecas, Durango a me Monterrey, ʻo kahi laʻana - ua kūʻē pū lākou i ke kūʻē kūʻē ʻōiwi mai kahi lā mua loa.
ʻAʻole wale ka mānoanoa a ākea ka ʻākau, akā ua noho ʻia e nā India a lehulehu a ʻino hoʻi, i hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou nomadic a semi-nomadic character, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokele maʻalahi. I ka manawa mua, ua kapa ʻia kēia poʻe ʻōiwi ʻo "Chichimecas", kahi huaʻōlelo hōʻino a ka poʻe hoʻomohala ʻōlelo Nahuatl o Mesoamerica i pili ai i kēlā mau lāhui "barbarian" hoʻoweliweli. Ma hope o ka pio ʻana o Mesoamerica iā Sepania, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli, no laila noho mau ka inoa i mau makahiki.
ʻO nā hakakā ma waena o nā mea noho a me nā Indians "barbarian" he lehulehu. ʻAneʻane ma ka ʻākau holoʻokoʻa, mai ka Bajío a hala, ke hiʻohiʻona i nā manawa like ʻole o ke kaua lōʻihi i loaʻa ʻole ka poʻe Paniolo ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi kū hoʻokahi o nā Indians. ʻO nā kaua hope loa i kūʻē i nā Indies "savage" (ʻo ia ka manawa o ka manawa) ua lanakila ʻia e nā poʻe Mekiko ma Chihuahua a me Sonora i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 e kūʻē iā Vitorio, Ju, Gerónimo, a me nā alakaʻi Apache kaʻao ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole ka mōʻaukala o ka Hispanization o ka ʻĀkau, e kia i ka noho kolone ʻana a me nā kaua Chichimeca ʻokoʻa. ʻO kāna mokuna ʻoi loa o ka ʻeuanelio.
ʻAʻole like me ka mea i hana ʻia ma Mesoamerica, ma aneʻi ke keʻa a me ka pahi kaua e ukali pinepine i nā ala like ʻole. Ua hele aku nā mikionali noho kaʻawale he nui i nā ala hou me ka manaʻo e lawe i ka ʻeuanelio i nā Indan pagan. Ua haʻi aku nā mikionali i ke aʻo Kristiano ma waena o nā ʻInia, a i kēlā mau lā ua like ia me ka lāhui komohana. Me ka catechism ua hoʻolauna lākou i ka hana o ka monogamy, ka pāpā ʻana o ka cannibalism, ka ʻōlelo Sepania, ka hānai pipi, ke kanu ʻana i nā cereal novel, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palau a me nā mea moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe i hoʻopili pū, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ola i nā kauhale paʻa. .
ʻO nā mea nui o kēia moʻolelo ʻo ia nō nā Francis Francis, nā mea i noho ma ka ʻākau hikina (Coahuila, Texas, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me nā mākua o ka ʻAhahui a Iesū, nāna i hoʻolaha i ka ʻākau komohana (Sinaloa, Sonora, a me ko Kaleponi). He paʻakikī e haʻi hou i kā lākou hana a pau, akā hiki i kahi hihia kūikawā ke hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻuhane o kēia mau kāne: ʻo ka Jesuit Francisco Francisco Eusebio Kino (1645-1711).
ʻO Kino, hānau ʻia ma ʻItalia (kokoke i Trento), hoʻowahāwahā i ka hanohano o nā noho o ke kula nui ma ʻAukekulia ma o ka hele ʻana i kahi mikionali mikionali. Ua makemake nui ʻo ia e hele i Kina, akā alakaʻi ʻo ia iā ia i ka ʻākau komohana o Mekiko. Ma hope o ka nui a hoʻi, e like me ka noho huikau o Kaleponi untamed, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Kino i mikionali i Pimería, ka ʻāina o nā Pimas, i kēia lā kūlike i ka akau o Sonora a me ka hema o ʻAlikona.
Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i laila i ka makahiki 42 (i ka makahiki 1687) a ua lawe koke i ka hana o ka hana mikionali - me ke ʻano a me ka huaʻōlelo: ʻo kāna hana ka holo lio. ʻO kekahi manawa wale nō, a i kekahi manawa me ke kōkua o kekahi mau Iesuita ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā mikioni kūleʻa i ka helu dizzying - aneane hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka awelika. ʻO kekahi o lākou i kēia lā nā kūlanakauhale ulu nui, e like me Caborca, Magdalena, Sonoyta, San Ignacio ... Ua hōʻea ʻo ia, ua haʻi ʻōlelo, ua hoʻohuli a hoʻokumu hoʻi. A laila e neʻe mua ʻo ia i kanahā a hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomita a hoʻomaka hou i ke kaʻina hana. Ma hope mai ua hoʻi ʻo ia e lawelawe i nā sakrameta a aʻo aku, e hoʻohui i ka nuʻukia a kūkulu i ka luakini.
I waenakonu o kāna mau hana, ua kūkākūkā ʻo Kino ponoʻī i nā kuʻikahi maluhia ma waena o nā pūʻulu ʻĀina hakakā, a ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻo ia i ka manawa e mākaʻikaʻi ai. No laila, ua ʻike hou ʻo ia i ka muliwai ʻo Colorado a palapala ʻia i ke ala o ka muliwai Gila, a mahalo iā ia he muliwai Mekiko ʻo ia. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa hoʻi i ka mea a nā mea ʻimi noiʻi 16 i ʻike ai, a ma hope he kenekulia i poina: ʻaʻole ʻo Kaleponi kahi mokupuni, akā he penikala.
Kapa ʻia ʻo Kino i kekahi manawa ka makuakāne paniolo, a me ke kumu kūpono. Ma luna o ka lio hele ʻo ia i nā pāpū e noho ʻia e nā saguaros, e mālama holoholona ana a me nā hipa: e hoʻokumu ʻia nā holoholona ma waena o nā catechumens hou. Ua hana ʻia nā mikiona a ua ʻike ʻo Kino ia manawa nā mea i koe e lilo i mea momona no nā papahana hou; Ma muli o kāna koi, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā mikionali i Baja Kaleponi, i hoʻolako mua ʻia mai Pimería.
I loko wale nō o iwakāluakūmāhā mau makahiki o ka hana mikionali, ua hoʻohui maluhia ʻo Kino i kahi panalāʻau e like me ka mokuʻāina ʻo Oaxaca i Mexico. He wao akua nui, ʻae, akā he wao akua āna i ʻike ai i ka ulu ʻana.
ʻAʻole nui ka mea i koe i kēia lā o kā Kino misiona. ʻO nā kāne - nā ʻInia a me nā keʻokeʻo - ʻokoʻa; ua kū ka poʻe mikionali ma ke ʻano he mikionali a ua nalo a i ʻole hoʻololi ʻia i mau kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale. Ua hāʻule pū ka adobe o nā kūkulu. ʻAʻole nui i koe: ʻo Sonora a me ʻAlikona wale nō.
Kumu: Nā Paʻa o ka Mōʻaukala Helu 9 ʻO nā Koa o ka ʻĀkau ākau
ʻO Hernan CortesMea kākau moʻolelo a mea kākau moʻolelo. He loea ʻo ia no Geography and History and Historical Journalism ma ka Faculty of Philosophy a me nā Letters o ka National Autonomous University of Mexico, kahi e hoʻāʻo ai ʻo ia e hoʻolaha i kāna delirium ma o nā kihi ʻē aʻe i hana i kēia ʻāina.
