I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kuleana a nā hoahānau i hoʻokani ai i nā kenekulia 17 a me 18 i ka mōʻaukala o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka hana noʻeau ma New Spain ʻaʻole i lawa ka aʻo ʻia ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ma kā lākou hana kaiaulu, akā he mea hoʻolaha pū kekahi i nā hana nui.
Aia nā kaikunāne o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka poʻe: waiwai, papa waena a me ka ʻilihune; nā hoahānau o nā kauka, nā loio, nā kāhuna, nā mea ʻāhinahina, nā kāmaʻa kāmaʻa, a me nā mea hou aku he nui. I loko o kēia mau pūʻulu ua hui like nā poʻe i makemake like a koho i kekahi haipule a i ʻole hoʻolaʻa hoʻomana paha ma ke ʻano he "Patron"; Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia mau hui i nā hana haipule wale nō, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hana lākou ma ke ʻano he hui me ke kumu maopopo o ka lawelawe kaiāulu a i ʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia: "Nā hui kōkua kōkua." Ua haʻi ʻo Gonzalo Obregón i kāna puke ma ke Kulanui Nui o San Ignacio i ka paukū aʻe e pili ana i nā hoahānau: "i ka hana a kēia mau ʻoihana, ua uku ʻia nā hoa e uku i kēlā me kēia mahina a makahiki paha i ʻokoʻa mai ke ʻano maoli o carnadillo. i hoʻokahi maoli i kēlā me kēia pule. ʻO ka hoahānau, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma o kā lākou mayordomo e lawelawe ai i nā lāʻau i ka manawa o ka maʻi a ke make lākou, 'pahu kupapaʻu a me nā ihoiho', a ma ke ʻano he kōkua kōkua lākou i ka ʻohana i ka nui i ʻokoʻa ma waena o 10 a me 25 reales, kaawale me ke kōkua ʻuhane. ”.
ʻO nā kaikunāne kekahi manawa waiwai nui i nā ʻoihana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, i ʻae iā lākou e kūkulu i nā hale waiwai nui, e like me: ke Kulanui o Santa Maria de la Caridad, ka Halemai de Terceros de Ios Franciscanos, ka Luakini o ke Trinity Hemolele, Ia nalo Chapel o ka Rosary ma ka Convent o Santo Domingo, ka hoʻonaninani o nā hale pule he nui o ka Hale Pule Nui, ka Halepule o ka Papa ʻEkolu o San Agustín, ka Hale Pule o ka Papa ʻEkolu o Santo Domingo, a pēlā aku.
Ma waena o nā kūkulu i hana ʻia e nā hoahānau, ka mea hoihoi loa e hana pū, ma muli o ke kumuhana e hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka Brotherhood o Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu, i hoʻohui ʻia me ka Convent San Francisco, nāna i hoʻohui i nā ʻōiwi o ka maniz Vizcaya. , mai Guipuzcoa, Alava a me ke Aupuni o Navarra, a me kā lākou mau wahine, nā keiki a me nā mamo, ʻo lākou, i waena o nā ʻae ʻē aʻe, i hiki ke kanu ʻia i loko o ka hale pule me ka inoa o ke kaikaina, i noho ma Ex-Convent o San Francisco de Ia. Kulanakauhale Mekiko.
Mai kāna poʻokela mua i 1681, makemake ka hoahānau e loaʻa kahi kūʻokoʻa me ka Convent; kahi laʻana: "huahana, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi luna a luna paha o ua Convent nei ke ʻōlelo, hoʻopiʻi a ʻōlelo paha ua lawe ʻia ua hale pule lā mai ke kaikuaʻana ma lalo o kekahi kumu."
Ma kekahi paukū ʻē aʻe ua kuhikuhi ʻia: "ua kapu loa ke kaikaina e ʻae i nā makana ʻē aʻe ma mua o Basque a i ʻole nā mamo ... ʻAʻohe o kēia pānaina i ka pā, ʻaʻole nō hoʻi e noi i nā manawaleʻa e like me nā kaikuaʻana ʻē aʻe."
I ka makahiki 1682, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka hale pule hou i ka atrium o ka Convento Grande de San Francisco; Aia ia mai ka hikina a i ke komohana a 31 mau mika ka lōʻihi e 10 ākea, ua kaupaku ʻia me nā waihona a me nā luneta, me kahi dome e hōʻike ana i kahi transept. ʻO kona puka o ka papa Doric, me nā pou pōhaku huluhulu hina, a me nā kumu a me nā entablature o ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo, he pale me ke kiʻi o ka Virgin of Aránzazu ma luna o ka piʻo semicircular o ka puka komo. ʻO ka uhi ʻaoʻao maʻalahi loa kahi kiʻi o San Prudencio. Pili kēia pilina a pau i ka wehewehe o ka hale pule i hana ʻia i ka 19 kenekulia e Don Antonio García Cubas, i kāna puke The Book of My Memories.
ʻIke ʻia he nani nā kuahu o ka luakini, nā ʻāpana a me nā kiʻi pena nui, kahi kiʻi kuahu me ke kiʻi o ka patron o ke kaikunāne me kāna niche aniani, a me nā kiʻi kālai ʻia o kona mau mākua hemolele, ʻo San Joaquin a me Santa Ana; He ʻeono hoʻi ona canvases o kona ola a he ʻumikūmākahi mau effigies piha piha, ʻelua mau niho ʻelepani, ʻelua hapahā, ʻelua aniani nunui me nā aniani aniani Venetian a me ʻelua mau kiʻi hoʻonani, nā kiʻi Kina, a he kiʻi waiwai nui kā ke kiʻi o ka Puʻupaʻa me nā mea nani o nā daimana a me nā momi, nā chalices o ke kālā a me ke gula, a pēlā aku. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo GonzaIo Obregón he nui aku ka nui, akā he makehewa ke haʻi ʻana iā ia, ʻoiai ua nalowale nā mea āpau. I nā lima hea e hele ai ka waiwai o ka Hale Pule o Aránzazu?
Akā ʻo ka hana nui i hoʻokō ʻia e kēia kaikunāne, me ke kanalua ʻole, ke kūkulu ʻana o Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "Colegio de Ias Vizcainas."
Ua haʻi ʻia kahi kaʻao i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa i ka wā e hele wāwae nei i kekahi mau kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ke kaikunāne ʻo Aránzazu, ua ʻike lākou i kekahi mau kaikamahine e hāliʻiliʻi ana, e ʻimi ana a e ʻōlelo ana i nā huaʻōlelo Masonika kekahi i kekahi, a ʻo kēia hōʻike i alakaʻi ai i nā kaikunāne e hoʻokō i ka hana a ke Kulanui o Recogimiento i kēia mau kaikamahine, a ua noi lākou i ka City Council e hāʻawi iā lākou i ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo CaIzada deI CaIvario (ʻo Avenida Juárez); Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kēia hailona iā lākou, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kahi ʻāina i lilo i mākeke alanui ma ke kaiāulu o San Juan a ua lilo ia i ʻōpala; ʻO kahi punahele no nā kaha o ke kō ʻoi loa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale (i kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole i loli iki kahi, ʻoiai ke kūkulu ʻia o ke kula.
I ka manawa i loaʻa ai ka ʻāina, ua kauoha ʻia ka haku kuhikuhipuʻuone, ʻo Don José de Rivera, e hāʻawi i ka pūnaewele i kahi kuleana e kūkulu i ke kula, e hoʻokau ana i nā pili a huki kaula. Nui ka ʻāina, ana ana i ka 150 iwilei ākea a 154 iwilei ka hohonu.
E hoʻomaka i nā hana, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pūnaewele a dredge i nā auwai, ʻo ka hapa nui o San Nicolás, i hiki ai i nā mea kūkulu ke hōʻea maʻalahi i kēia ala wai; A ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻomaka nā waʻa nui e hōʻea mai me ka pōhaku, ka lime, ka lāʻau a, i ka nui, nā mea āpau e pono ai ka hale.
Ma Iulai 30, 1734, ua waiho ʻia ka pōhaku mua a kanu ʻia kahi pahu me nā kālā gula a me nā kālā a me kahi ʻāpana kālā e hōʻike ana i nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana o ke kula (Ma hea e loaʻa ai kēia pahu?).
ʻO nā hoʻolālā mua o ka hale i hana ʻia e Don Pedro Bueno Bazori, nāna i hāʻawi i ke kūkulu iā Don José Rivera; akā naʻe, ua make ʻo ia ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ke koleke. I ka makahiki 1753, ua noi ʻia kahi hōʻike loea, "kahi hōʻike kikoʻī, o nā mea āpau o loko a me waho o ka hale hana o ke koleke i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei, kona mau puka, nā pā, nā alapiʻi, nā hale, nā ʻāpana o nā hana, nā hale pule hoʻoikaika kino, ka hale pule, sacristy, nā hale pule o nā hale pule. a me nā kauā. Ke haʻi nei i ka holomua o ke kula i hiki i nā kaikamahine ʻelima haneli ke noho ʻoluʻolu i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ua nele i kahi polish ».
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka loiloi o ka hale i nā hopena aʻe: ua noho ia ma kahi o 24,450 varas, 150 i mua a me 163 ma hope, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai he 33,618 pesos. 465,000 pesos i lilo ma ka hana a 84,500 peso 6 mau mea e pono ai e hoʻopau pono.
Ma ke kauoha a ka ʻelele, ua hana ka poʻe loea i ke kaha kiʻi o ka "hoʻolālā kiʻi a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke koleke ʻo San Ignacio de Loyola, i hana ʻia ma Mekiko City, a ua hoʻouna ʻia i ka ʻAha Kūkā o nā Indies ma ke ʻāpana o nā palapala e noi ai i ka laikini aliʻi." Aia kēia hoʻolālā kumu ma ka Archive of the Indies ma Seville a lawe ʻia nā palapala e Mrs. María Josefa González Mariscal.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia hoʻolālā, he ʻano pilikino maoli ka hale pule o ke koleke a ua lako pono ʻia me nā kuahu nani, nā tribune, a me nā kaola hīmeni. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana o ke kula i ka pani nui a ʻae ʻia e wehe i ka puka i ke alanui ʻaʻole i loaʻa, ʻaʻole i wehe ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 1771, ka makahiki i kauoha ʻia ai ka mea kālaiʻike kaulana ʻo Don Lorenzo Rodríguez e hana i mua o ka luakini i ke alanui; Aia i loko o laila ka mea hoʻolālā ʻekolu mau niches me nā kiʻi kiʻi o San Ignacio de Loyola ma waenakonu a me San Luis Gonzaga a me San Estanislao de Koska ma nā ʻaoʻao.
ʻAʻole kau palena wale ʻia nā hana a Lorenzo Rodríguez i ka uhi, akā ua hana pū ʻo ia ma ka piʻo o ka papa hīmeni o lalo, e hoʻokau ana i ka pā pono e hoʻomau i ke kiaʻi ʻana i ka pani. Maliʻa paha ua hana hou kēia mea kālaiʻike i ka hale o ke kahunapule. ʻIke mākou i nā kiʻi kiʻi ma ka uhi i hana ʻia e kahi pōhaku i kapa ʻia ʻo "Don Ignacio", ma ke kumukūʻai o 30 peso, a ʻo nā mea pena kiʻi ʻo Pedro AyaIa lāua ʻo José de Olivera ke kuleana o ke kala ʻana iā lākou me nā moʻolelo gula (e like me ka hoʻomaopopo, Ias ʻO nā kiʻi ma waho o ka façade i pena ʻia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻōpala; aia nō nā lihi o kēia pena).
Ua hana nā mea kālai nui i nā kuahu, e like me Don José Joaquín de Sáyagos, kahi mea kalai kiʻi a me ka gilder nāna i hana i nā kuahu, e like me kā mākou Lede o Loreto, kēlā o ka Patriarch Señor San José a me ke kiʻina no ka panela o ka puka Secular me ʻO ke kiʻi o ka wahine puʻupaʻa o Guadalupe.
Ma waena o nā waiwai nui a me nā hana noʻeau o ke koleke i kū i ke kiʻi o ka Puʻupaʻa o ka Choir, mea nui no kona maikaʻi a me kāna kāhiko ʻana i nā mea hoʻonani. Ua kūʻai aku ka patronage iā ia me ka ʻae kikoʻī o ka Pelekikena o ka Repubalika, i ka makahiki 1904, i ka nui o 25,000 pesos i ka hale kūʻai mea hoʻonani kaulana o La Esmeralda. ʻO ke alakaʻi kaumaha i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ua luku pū ʻia ka hale pule hoʻoikaika kino, a noʻonoʻo paha kekahi inā he mea pono ke luku ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o ke kula me, me ke kālā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ke kūʻai aku o ke kiʻi, kūkulu i ka infirmary i pau i ka makahiki 1905. (Hoʻololi nā manawa, ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe).
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kula kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā hale i hāpai ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana i nā wahine, i ka manawa he mea nui ka pani ʻana no ka hoʻokumu maoli ʻana i nā wahine, a ʻo ia ke kumu mai loko mai i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai i ke alanui. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hikina a me komohana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hoʻi, ua puni ka hale i nā lako 61 i kapa ʻia "kīʻaha a me ka pā", a ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo waiwai i ke kula, hoʻokaʻawale loa iā ia, ʻoiai ʻO nā puka aniani e kū pono ana i ke alanui ma ke kolu o ka pae ma 4.10 mau mika ma luna o ka pae o ka papahele. Ma ka pā nui nui aia ka puka nui o ke kula, ʻo kēia ke komo i ka puka pā, i nā keʻena a, ma o kahi «panana», i ke kula ponoʻī. ʻO ka mua o kēia puka komo, e like me ko ka hale o nā hale pule, mālama ʻia i ke ala like me nā mōlina quarry i haku ʻia a hana ʻia i mau papa, e like me ke ʻano o nā aniani a me nā puka aniani o ka ʻaoʻao i luna. aʻo kēia uhi o ka hale pule kahi ʻano o nā hana a ka mea loea ʻo Lorenzo Rodríguez, nāna i hāpai.
ʻO ka hale, ʻoiai ka baroque, ke hōʻike nei i kahi ʻano o ka sobriety e pono ai, i koʻu manaʻo, i nā paia nui i uhi ʻia me ka tezontle, ʻokiʻoki ʻole ʻia e nā puka a me nā kaʻe quarry. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa kona hiʻohiʻona ke polychrome ka quarry i nā kala ʻōlinolino, a me nā kihi gula hoʻi; Eia naʻe, ua nalowale kēia polychrome i ka manawa.
Mai nā waihona ʻike mākou ʻo ka delineator mua o nā hoʻolālā ka haku kuhikuhipuʻuone ʻo José de Rivera, ʻoiai ua make ʻo ia ma mua o ka pau ʻana o nā hana. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua kāpae ʻia "no kekahi mau lā" a i kēia wā ua loaʻa kahi hale liʻiliʻi na José de Coria, ka haku alcabucero, i loaʻa, aia ma ke kihi komohana ʻākau a pili me ka Mesón de Ias Ánimas, a Me kēia loaʻa, ka ʻāina, a no laila ke kūkulu ʻana, he ʻano maʻamau o ka huinahā lōʻihi.
Ma kahi a ka hale o José de Coria i noho ai, kūkulu ʻia ka hale i kapa ʻia he hale pule, kahi o nā hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi, ua loaʻa nā meheu i waiho ʻia ma ka nānā ʻana ma ke ʻano he mau hana didactic.
Mai ke kumumanaʻo o 1753, i ka wā i hana ai ka poʻe loea «i ka nānā kikoʻī ʻana i nā mea āpau i loko a ma waho o ka hale hana o ke koleke i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei, nā puka, nā lole, nā ʻanuʻu, nā hale, nā ʻāpana o ka hana, ka hale pule hoʻoikaika kino, ka sacristy, nā hale pule a nā kauā. », ʻO nā kumumanaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i hoʻoliʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka lānai nui, ka hale pule a me ka hale o nā hale pule. Ua hōʻino ʻia ka hale o nā kahunapule a me ka hale pule nui e nā hana hoʻololi mai ka 19 kenekulia, ʻoiai me nā kānāwai i kāʻili ʻia ua hoʻōki kēia ʻoihana i nā lawelawe haipule; a pēlā nō ka hale pule, ka pantheon, ka hale pule a me ka hale i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei o nā hale pule i waiho haʻalele ʻia. I ka 1905 ua wāwahi ʻia ka pantheon a kūkulu ʻia nā hale maʻi hou i kona wahi. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua mālama ʻia kahi kula e ke Kākau ʻ oflelo o ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Aupuni i ka hale o nā kahunapule, a he kumu ia e pōʻino ai ka hale, a i ʻole no ka mālama pono ʻana i nā wahi mua a he kumu ia e wāwahi ai. . ʻO kēia ʻano deterioration ka mea i koi aku i kēia ʻāpana pekelala e pani i ke kula a no laila ua haʻalele loa ʻia kēia wahi no nā makahiki he nui, a ua hōʻea i kahi kekelē ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā keʻena ma ka papahele, no ka hiolo o ka hale a me ka ka nui o nā ʻōpala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, me ka hoʻohui o ka ʻāpana nui o ka papahele luna i hoʻoweliweli e hāʻule.
Ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua mālama ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o kēia ʻāpana o ke kula, i mea e pono ai e hana i nā coves i mea e hoʻoholo ai i nā pae, nā ʻōnaehana kūkulu a me nā kaha o ka pena, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻikepili e hiki ai i kahi hoʻoponopono ke kokoke loa i ka ke kūkulu kumu.
E hoʻouka ka manaʻo i kēia wahi i hale hōʻikeʻike kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻiliʻili nui a ke kula. ʻO kahi wahi i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ʻo ia ka hale pule a me nā hoʻohui hoʻohui, e laʻa me ka wahi o ka confessions, ka hale pule ante, ka lumi e nānā ai i ka mea i make a me ka sacristy. Ma kēia ʻāpana o ke kula, he nui ka mana o ke kānāwai o ka hao ʻana a me nā ʻono hana o ka manawa i ka haʻalele ʻana a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā kuahu ʻano baroque kupanaha i loaʻa i ke kula. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia kekahi o kēia mau kuahu ke loaʻa nā mea hiki ke hana pēlā; Eia nō naʻe, ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hiki, no ka mea ma nā manawa ʻaʻole i kū nā kiʻi maoli a i ʻole nalo nā kaha.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua nalo nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o nā kuahu ma muli o ke kuʻu ʻana o ka hana ma kēia wahi.
Minamina, ua paʻa ka pilikia o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo baroque i mālama ʻia ma kēia kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko ma mua o ka pau ʻana o kāna kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻāina, kahi quagmire i hele ʻia e nā auwai nui, nā poka iā lākou iho, ka hoʻomoe ʻana, nā kahe wai, nā haʻalulu, ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka wai mai ka ʻāina, a ʻo nā hoʻololi hoʻi o ka noʻonoʻo o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20 i hala. hoʻopōʻino i ka mālama ʻana o kēia waiwai.
Puna: Mekiko i ka Manawa Helu 1 Iune-Iulai 1994
