ʻO Obsidian kahi mea o ke kūlohelohe, ma muli o kona ʻōlinolino, waihoʻoluʻu a paʻakikī, hoʻohālikelike me nā pōhaku maʻamau a me nā aniani e hana i ka honua ākea o nā minelala.
Mai kahi manaʻo geological, obsidian kahi aniani lua pele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻokūkū kūpilikiʻi o ka pele lua pele i waiwai ʻia i ka silikone oxide. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia me ke "aniani" no ka mea ʻino a kūpaʻa ʻole ke ʻano o kona ʻtoma, ʻo ia ke kumu i uhi ai ka opaque i kapa ʻia ʻo Cortex.
I kona ʻano kino, a e like me ke kekelē o ka maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻano kemika, hiki i ka obsidian ke aniani, translucent, alohilohi a aniani, e hōʻike ana i nā waihoʻoluʻu mai ka ʻeleʻele a i ka hina, e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻāpana a me ka waihona mai kahi i hele mai ai. . No laila, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa iā ia i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, brown, violet a i kekahi manawa ke kani bluish, a me nā ʻano like i kapa ʻia ʻo "mecca obsidian", i hōʻike ʻia e kona kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma muli o ka hoʻowali ʻia o kekahi mau mea hao.
Ua hana ka poʻe noho o Mekiko i ka obsidian i kahi mea maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kani a me nā mea kaua e like me nā pahi ʻeke, nā pahi, a me nā kiko projectile. Ma ka anai ʻana iā ia, ua hoʻokō nā mea pena kiʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o Columbian i nā hiʻohiʻona aniani a lākou i hana ai i nā aniani, nā kiʻi, a me nā ʻokiʻoki, a me nā lei pepeiao, nā hoki, nā lei, a me nā hōʻailona me nā kiʻi o nā akua i hoʻonaninani ʻia a me nā mea hanohano kiʻekiʻena a me nā koa o ia manawa i hoʻonani ʻia.
ʻO ka manaʻo pre-Hispanic o obsidian
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili mai ka kenekulia 16, ua hana ʻo John Clark i kahi hoʻokolokolo hohonu e pili ana i ka ʻike Nahua mua o nā ʻano obsidian. Mahalo i kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana, i kēia lā ua ʻike mākou i kekahi ʻike e ʻae iā mākou e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia e like me kona ʻano loea, nani a me nā ʻano maʻamau: "White obsidian", hina a aniani; "Obsidian o nā haku" otoltecaiztli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-polū me nā kekelē ʻokoʻa o ka transparency a me ka ʻōlinolino a hōʻike i kekahi manawa i nā leo gula (ma muli o ka like o elchalchíhuitlf i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wehewehe ʻana o nā kāhiko a me nā mea maʻamau); Itzcuinnitztli, marbled obsidian, melemele-ʻeleʻele. -red, i kapa ʻia ʻo meka a i ʻole nā stains, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā kiko pihi; "Obsidian maʻamau", ʻeleʻele a me ka opaque i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā scrapers a me nā mea kani bifacial; "Obsidian ʻeleʻele", ʻālohilohi a me nā kekelē ʻē aʻe o ka translucency a me ka transparency.
Hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau o obsidian
No nā kamaʻāina o mua o Hispanic Mexico, obsidian he mea nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Me ka nānā pono ʻole i kona ʻano olaola, no ka nui o ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau, i ka ukana o kāna mau ʻano moʻomeheu a me kāna mau ʻano kino, e like me ka ochalchihuitl pōhaku ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i kapa mau ʻia ʻo jade.
Ma ke ʻano he laʻana o kēia kilokilo-manaʻo a me ka curative manaʻo o ka obsidian, ʻōlelo a Makua Durán: "Ua hele mai lākou mai nā wahi āpau i nā hanohano o kēia luakini o Texcatlipoca ... ua ʻeha lākou, a ua ʻike lākou i kahi hōʻoluʻolu kupaianaha ... me he mea lā lani lākou iā lākou.
No kāna ʻāpana, a ke kuhikuhi pū nei hoʻi i nā pono lāʻau o kēia aniani kūlohelohe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Sahagún i kāna mele nui ʻo Florentine Codex: "Ua ʻōlelo pū lākou inā ʻike ka wahine hāpai i ka lā a i ka mahina paha i ka wā i uhi ʻia ai, e hānau ka mea i loko o kāna ʻōpū. nicked the bezos (cleft lehelehe) ... no kēlā kumu, ʻaʻa ʻole nā wahine hāpai e nānā i ka eclipse, e kau lākou i kahi pahi kaua ʻeleʻele i ka umauma, e hoʻopā i ka ʻiʻo ". I kēia hihia, ʻike nui ʻia ua hoʻohana ʻia ka obsidian ma ke ʻano he amulet pale i nā hoʻolālā a nā akua i kākoʻo i kēlā kaua lani.
Aia kekahi manaʻoʻiʻo ma muli o ko lākou like me kekahi o nā ʻāpana e like me ka puʻupaʻa a me ke akepaʻa, he mana ko ka pebbles muliwai kahakaha e hoʻōla i kēia mau ʻāpana o ke kino. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Francisco Hernández i kāna Mōʻaukala Kūlohelohe i kekahi ʻano ʻenehana a me nā lāʻau o nā minelala me nā mea hoʻōla.
ʻO nā pahi, nā pahi ʻeke, nā pahi kaua a me nā pahi kaua i hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻInia, a me ka aneane o kā lākou mea hana ʻoki a pau i hana ʻia me ka obsidian, ka pōhaku i kāhea ʻia e ka ʻōiwi Ztli. like me ka pulverized, ua hemo ʻo ia nā ao a me ka glaucoma ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻike. ʻO ke toltecaiztli, a i ʻole nā pahi kahi e like me ke kala ʻeleʻele russet, he ʻano like kona ʻano; ʻO eliztehuilotlera kahi pōhaku ʻeleʻele a lilelile hoʻi i lawe ʻia mai ka Mixteca Alta a me ke kanalua ʻole no nā ʻano deiztli. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua alualu ʻia nā daimonio, ua kipaku aku i nā serpeintes a me nā mea ʻona āpau, a ua hoʻokuʻikahi pū ʻia me ka ʻoluʻolu o nā aliʻi.
E pili ana i ke kani o obsidian
Ke haki ka obsidian a pā i kāna mau ʻāpana kekahi, ʻano ʻē loa kona kani. No nā kamaʻāina he manaʻo kūikawā kona a hoʻohālikelike lākou i ka halulu mua o nā ʻino me kahi kahe kahe o ka wai. Ma waena o nā hōʻike moʻokalaleo e pili ana i kēia mea ʻo ka mele Itzapan nonatzcayan ("kahi e lele ai nā pōhaku obsidian i ka wai").
"ʻO Itzapan Nantzcaya, kahi noho weliweli o ka poʻe make, kahi e noho hanohano ai ke koʻokoʻo Mictlantecutli. ʻO ia ka hale hope o nā kānaka, ma laila e noho ai ka mahina, a hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka poʻe make e kahi pae melancholic: ʻo ia ka ʻāina o nā pōhaku obsidian, me ka lono nui e pili ana kolo ka wai a kolo a hekili a hoʻokuʻi a hana i nā ʻino weliweli ”.
Ma muli o ke kālailai ʻana i nā codic Latina a me Florentine Vatican, ua hoʻoholo ka mea noiʻi ʻo Alfredo López-Austin, e like me ka moʻoʻōlelo o Mekiko, ʻo ka ʻewalu o nā pae e kū ana i ka wahi lani he mau kihi o nā papa obsidian. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pae ʻehā o ke ala o ka poʻe make e pili ana iā ElMictlánera o kahi "puʻu obsidian" kupaianaha, ʻoiai i ka ʻelima "ua kau ka makani obsidianed". ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka pae ʻeiwa ka "obsidian wahi o ka poʻe make," kahi ākea me ka puka ʻole o ka uahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Itzmictlan apochcalocan.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomau ka manaʻo nui i ka obsidian i kekahi o nā ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ka honua pre-Hispanic, ʻo ia ke kumu e manaʻo ʻia nei he pōhaku hoʻokalakupua a kapu hoʻi ia. Eia hou, ʻoiai he mineral o ka lua pele ia, pili ia i ka mea ahi a manaʻo ʻia he pōhaku o ka ʻike pilikino me kahi ʻano therapeutic, ʻo ia hoʻi, he "pōhaku e like me ke aniani nona ka mālamalama e hōʻeha i nā maka o ka ego ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e ʻike i kāna noʻonoʻo ponoʻī. Ma muli o kona nani, hāʻawi ʻia ka obsidian i mau ʻano esoteric, ka mea, i kēia manawa ke ʻike maka nei mākou i ka hoʻomaka o kahi mileniouma hou, hoʻonui i kahi ala hopohopo. A pehea e pili ana i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā souvenir obsidian āpau i kūʻai ʻia ma nā wahi archaeological a me nā mākeke mākaʻikaʻi.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo i ka obsidian, ma muli o kāna ʻano kino kūlohelohe a me kona ʻano nani, e hoʻomau nei he mea hoʻohana a nani hoʻi, e like me ia no nā moʻomeheu like ʻole i noho i ko mākou ʻāina i nā manawa i hala, i ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia ai ke aniani kilokilo, pale. mīkini hana wāwahie a me ka mea paʻa o nā kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia.
pōhaku obsidian obsidian
