Ma loko o kēia hanana, i manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he Biosystem Reserve - ka momona loa o ka like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻāina i mālama ʻia - ʻo ia nā ʻelima Franciscan ʻelima o ka Sierra Gorda i hoʻokumu a hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kenekulia 18.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mana kū hoʻokahi o kēia baroque ʻōiwi ʻōiwi i kā lākou inoa iho: ʻo Santiago de Jalpan, Nuestra Señora de la Luz de Tancoyotl, San Miguel Concá, Santa María del Agua de Landa a me San Francisco del Valle de Tilaco.
ʻO kēia nani, a no ka manawa lōʻihi hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia, kahi ʻano puʻuhonua kūlohelohe no nā hui kanaka i noho ma aneʻi: pames, jonaces, guachichiles, ʻike ʻia lākou āpau ma lalo o ka inoa generic o chichimecas. A ʻo ia nō ma kekahi ʻano, ua hoʻokau ʻia kēia kūlana hoʻokalakupua i kāna mau kūlana ma ka mōʻaukala viceregal. ʻO nā mikionali Franciscan ʻelima i loaʻa ma aneʻi he mea kū hoʻokahi ia no kā lākou mōʻaukala a no kā lākou hana kūkulu hale, kahi baroque kiʻi ʻole e like me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka miscegenation, kahi papahana ʻEulopa i kūkulu manuahi ʻia e nā lima ʻōiwi a me ka manaʻo. He hālāwai maoli nō. ʻO nā mikiona ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ka crystallization o kahi makemake nui kanaka i alakaʻi ʻia e Fray Junípero Serra, ka mikionali o Mallorcan kahi i hoʻāʻo e like me ke ʻano radical e like me kona makuakāne ʻuhane ʻo Francisco de Asís, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ka hopena, a e ʻōlelo mākou pēlā, neʻe loa pūʻali koa i kapena ʻia e José de Escandón.
E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻeha mākou i ka haʻaheo Sepania. A hiki i ka makahiki 1740 ʻaʻole i hiki i ka viceroyalty ke "hoʻoliʻiliʻi" i nā lehulehu o kēia wahi me ke keʻa a me ka pahi kaua. Lanakila a hoʻokahuli ʻia kahi lāhui o 200 mau makahiki i hala e ka mana o ka lei aliʻi Sepania akā he wahi liʻiliʻi a kokoke hoʻi ia i ke kapikala viceregal i waiho mau ʻia. "He mea hoʻohilahila loa!" Ua manaʻo paha kekahi poʻe mana; No laila hana ʻo Escandón, i ka 1742, ka hoʻopuni ʻana i nā hui kipi āpau o ka Sierra Gorda; no laila ka huhū i hoʻouka ʻia ai ke kaua hope loa, ke kaua weliweli o ka Media Luna, i ka makahiki 1748, kahi epilog brutal kahi a ka luna kāpena i hoʻopau ai i nā pūʻulu āpau.
I waenakonu o kēia mau kūlana, i ka makahiki 1750, hōʻea maila kahi hui o nā mikionali Franciscan i alakaʻi ʻia e Fray Junípero Serra i ke kaona ʻo Jalpan. ʻO kāna mikionali, euanelio i nā India a piha me ke keʻa a me ka huaʻōlelo nā hana i hoʻomaka ʻia e Escandón me nā mea kaua. Akā ʻo Fray Junípero, ka hoʻoilina pono o ke kanaka ʻilihune o Assisi, i lawe pū mai me ia i kahi papahana mikionali ʻokoʻa loa a i kūʻē kūʻē hoʻi i nā manaʻo i hāpai ʻia e ke kāpena i nā mikionali i hoʻokumu mua ʻia. Me nā manaʻo o ka ʻilihune a me ka pilina - i loko o ke ʻano hohonu loa - ʻano maʻamau o Saint Francis, lawe ʻo Fray Junípero i nā manaʻo utopian o ka humanism maikaʻi loa o ʻEulopa o kēlā manawa. I ke aniau o ka hana ʻino a me ka inaina a me ka ulu ʻole o ka hilinaʻi ʻole nāna e hoʻokipa ʻia e nā hui ʻōiwi like ʻole, ua kūʻē ʻo Junípero i kahi ʻano mikionali paʻa e pili pū ana me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna mau pilikia kaiaulu, i ka ʻike o kāna pōloli a me kāna ʻōlelo. E like me kā ka anthropologist Diego Prieto e hoʻomaopopo ai iā mākou, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Junípero i nā mea kōkua a kākoʻo a hoʻoikaika i kā lākou ʻoihana a me nā mana hana, ua hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻāina a ʻaʻole wale i hoʻokau i ka Paniolo i ka wā e hoʻolaha ana i ka ʻelele, akā ua hoʻokō pū i kāna mau hana aʻo i ka ʻōlelo pame No laila he hana mikionali ia o nā ana nui a me nā hopena hohonu mai ka manaʻo o ke kanaka a nona nā hopena i kēia manawa mahalo ʻia i ka synarketism baroque i hōʻike ʻia e kēia ʻano mikionale kū hoʻokahi a kū hoʻokahi hoʻi.
KA MOKUAHI MESTIZO
I kēia manawa, i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā Misiona Sierra Gorda, ʻo ka mea mua i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā hale ʻelima, nā luakini ʻelima. Aia lākou ma laila, pono ʻoe e ʻike iā lākou, pono ʻoe e kū iki aʻe a noʻonoʻo iā lākou, nā mikiona nani ʻelima. Akā e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ia nā hopena o kahi kaʻina mōʻaukala a waiwai o ka ʻeuanelio like ʻana, e kāhea iā ia ma kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei i kēia lā i kēlā me kēia o lākou, i kēlā me kēia kuahu, ka huahana o kēlā hui hohonu i waena o nā hui kanaka ʻelua o ke ʻano radically ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapai ʻana o ka honua, ka haipule, ka manaʻo o ka manaʻoʻiʻo, nā akua, nā holoholona a me nā kukui, ke kala a me nā ʻili o nā kino a me nā helehelena, nā meaʻai, nā eroticism, nā mea āpau āpau loa i waena o nā pule pule a lākou i lawe mai ai. iā ʻEulopa a me nā Indians i ko lākou ʻāina, akā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, holehole a hoʻokau ʻia. Hoʻohui pū kekahi mea iā lākou, kekahi o kēlā mau manawa ʻano ʻē a kahakaha paha i nā moʻolelo o ka naʻi ʻana o kekahi lāhui i kekahi: mahalo, ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa. Ma laila e hana ʻia ana kahi utopia, kahi hui liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe ʻEulopa e ʻike nei i ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻeha i ke aʻa i ko lākou hanohano e kā lākou mau hoa ponoʻī o ʻEulopa.
NANI KUPONO
No laila, ʻo nā mikiona a mākou e mahalo ai i kēia lā he mea kupaianaha loa ia no ko lākou nani kū hoʻokahi, akā ʻo kēia ka plastic a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ia hui ʻana, o kēlā manawa kukuna lā o ka pāhawewe kanaka, kahi o ka luakini ka home o kahi hui o nā lāhui, ka mea nui o kahi moʻo o nā hana i hoʻomaka mai ma laila a i ʻole pau ma laila. ʻO ia nā mikionali i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole ka hale akā ka hihiʻo o nā mea, ke aniani i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka luakini, ke kauoha hou aʻu e manaʻo nei e ʻimi nei me ka pīhoihoi a me ka paʻakikī, nā hana i hiki ke mahiʻai, kōkua kōkua, ikaika. pale aku i ka pono ʻole, ka ʻeuanelio ʻana.
ʻO ia ke kumu o kēia miscegenation kuhikuhipuʻuone, mahalo nui ʻia kēia baroque lua ʻole, no ka mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia helehelena kuahu, he hiʻohiʻona ia, kahi hana o kēlā manawa kūkā a me ka launa pū, ʻae, akā ma kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai, a o ʻokoʻa, ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO Concá kahi hua pame e pili ana "me aʻu", akā i loko o ka mikiona i lawe ʻia ka inoa ʻo San Miguel; aia ʻo Saint Michael the Archangel e lei aliʻi ana i ka maka a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he lāpaki ʻaʻohe ona hōʻailona Karistiano akā pame. Aia ka Puʻupaʻa o Pilar a me ka Puʻupaʻa o Guadalupe ma ka Misionan Jalpan, kahi a mākou e ʻike ai he hohonu nā aʻa o Mesoamerican, a he ʻaeto poʻo pāpālua e kāwili i nā manaʻo. Aia ka hoʻonani mea kanu momona a me ka profusion o nā pepeiao ma Tancoyotl; nā haipule katolika o Landa a i ʻole Lan ha, me nā mermaids a i ʻole nā alo me nā laina ʻōiwi kuhihewa ʻole. Aia ʻo Tilaco ma lalo o kahi awāwa e hoʻomanaʻo ana iā José María Velasco, me kāna mau ʻānela liʻiliʻi, kāna mau pepeiao o ka palaoa a me kāna ipu ʻokoʻa, a hoʻopau i ka haku mele holoʻokoʻa, ma luna o Kapalakiko.
ʻEwalu mau makahiki wale nō ka lōʻihi o Fray Junípero Serra ma kēia papahana, akā ua mau ka moemoeā utopian a hiki i ka 1770, ke ʻano o nā ʻano mōʻaukala like ʻole - e like me ka kipaku ʻia ʻana o ka Jesuits - ua alakaʻi ʻia kekahi hapa i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā mikionali. Akā nō naʻe, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna mikionali euanelio a me kāna kumu Franciscan a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā ma Alta Kaleponi. ʻO nā mikionali Franciscan o ka Sierra Gorda, nā "ʻelima mau kaikuahine", e like me kā Diego Prieto a me ka mea hoʻolālā ʻo Jaime Font i kāhea aku ai iā lākou, kahi hoʻoilina kupaianaha o kēlā hakakā mua e hana i utopia hiki. Mai ka makahiki 2003, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kaikuahine ʻelima World Heritage of Humanity. Mai kahi mamao aku, ʻo Fray Junípero a me nā mikionali Franciscan, a me nā Pames, nā Jonaces, a me nā Chichimecas, nā mea nāna i kūkulu i kēia mau mikionali a me kēlā papahana ola, e like me mākou e māhuahua nei.
KA SIERRA GORDA
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ma ke ʻano he Reserve Biosfir ma Mei 19, 1997, a ma hope e ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā manu e ka ʻaha kūkā no ka mālama ʻana i nā manu Mekiko, a ʻo ia ka 13th. Mālama ʻo Mekiko e hui pū me kāna International Network of Biosphere Reservation ma o ka papahana "Man and the Biosphere" o ka United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Aia ia ma ka panalāʻau kino i kapa ʻia ʻo Carso Huasteco, kahi ʻāpana o ka ka mauna mauna nui i ʻike ʻia ʻo Sierra Madre Oriental.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻāina ma ke ʻano he Biosphere Reserve ma ka ʻākau hikina o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Querétaro de Arteaga, e hoʻopuni ana i nā kaona ʻo Jalpan de Serra, Landa de Matamoros, Arroyo Seco, Pinal de Amoles (88% o nā kaona kaona) a me Peñamiller (69.7% o kona panalāʻau). Mālama ʻia e Conanp.
