Ma Chicontepec a me Álamo Temapache, nā lehulehu o ka Huasteca Veracruzana, mālama ʻia nā loina kahiko loa a mālama ʻia kahi idiosyncrasy mystical kūikawā.
Ua nalowale ke aahu wahine i kona aʻa, akā mālama i nā mea nui o kona ʻike.
ʻO nā lole wahine i Mesoamerica he mea kū hoʻokahi ia i ka honua, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona nani i ka Helene, Roman a ʻAigupita paha, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nani o ka kala, ʻoiai ka momona o ka moʻomeheu ma mua o Columbian i ka polychromy a he nui nā nuances, ka mea i hoʻohuli. ka lole o ko laila kamaaina. ʻO ka poʻe lanakila Sepania nā mea hōʻike mua haole i kēia mosaic multicolored, i hōʻike ʻia i ka hana pilikino ʻana o nā kāne a me nā wahine Mesoamerican. Ma loko o ka mōʻī Aztec, ua hoʻokano nā wahine i nā huipile nani me ka ʻāʻī ākea a me ka humuhumu, ʻoki pololei, lōʻihi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia, me nā petticoats a i ʻole nā pālule i wahī ʻia a puni ke kino a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kāʻei i humuhumu ʻia. No kā lākou ʻāpana, ua ʻaʻahu nā wahine o ka moku Tot Totapan i ka quechquémel, he lole komo daimana me ka puka ma ke poʻo a uhi ʻia ka umauma, hoʻi a me kahi ʻāpana o ka chincuete ʻōiwi a i ka palule. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lole me kekahi mau hoʻololi e nā wahi āpau o mua o Columbian Mexico, a hana ʻia ma ka backstrap loom me nā lole pulupulu maikaʻi; kū ka poʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoliʻoli no ko lākou mau kala a me ke humuhumu ʻana, a ua pena lākou i nā lole me nā kala maoli i loaʻa mai nā mea kolo, nā mea kanu a me nā pūpū.
Mai ka palena ʻākau a hiki i ka palena hema o ko mākou ʻāina, makemake nui ʻia nā wahine ʻōiwi no nā kala nui i ka lole a me nā mea pono pilikino. ʻO nā lei, nā apo pepeiao, nā kūpeʻe lima, nā komo niho, nā lipine a me nā stamens a lākou e hoʻonani ai i ko lākou lauoho lauoho nui, e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai nui i loko o ko lākou mau lole, mai nā wā kahiko loa i waena o nā Nahuas, Totoruas, Mayans, Huastecs, e inoa i kekahi. o nā lāhui e noho nei i kēia mau ʻāina.
E like me kahi wahine Tarahumara, Mayan a i ʻole Nahua paha mai Cuetzalan ʻike ʻia e kāna ʻano lole, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka wahine Nahua no Chicontepec; ʻOiai hōʻike ko lākou lole i ka mana Sepania nui, ʻo ko lākou hiʻohiʻona nui ke kuhi o ka syncretism, kahi moʻomeheu e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka lole ʻEulopa, hoʻohui ʻia me nā kala nui i kā lākou humuhumu, ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā lei a me nā amulets, nā apo pepeiao. hana ʻia i ke gula a me ke kālā, nā lipine a me nā stamens multicolored e mālama ai i nā loina maoli, nā lole a me nā ʻōlelo.
ʻAneʻane nā wahine a pau ma luna o 50 mau makahiki e kāhiko me ka lole e ʻike a hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai iā lākou, akā ʻaʻole paha e ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau makahiki. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻololi i 25 a 30 mau makahiki i hala. I loko o ka puke ʻO ke kapa ʻōiwi ma Mekiko, na Teresa Castelló lāua ʻo Carlota Mapelli, i paʻi ʻia e ka National Institute of Anthropology and History (1965), ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lole i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ke kaona ʻo Chicontepec.
ʻO ka bluse ʻokiʻoki ʻEulopa i kapa ʻia ʻo ikoto i hana ʻia i ka kapa moe, ka pulupulu a i ʻole poplin, he lima lima pōkole a me kahi ʻāʻī huina liʻiliʻi, i ulana ʻia ka ulana i ka polū a i ʻole ʻulaʻula a puni ia, hana ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano: ʻo ka mea me nā kaha ʻelua (hoʻokahi ma mua , i ke kiʻekiʻena o ka umauma, a ʻo kekahi ma hope), ma ke humuhumu kea i kapa ʻia ʻo itenkoayo tlapoali, he mau kiʻi geometric a pua paha o nā kala ʻōlinolino loa, ʻekolu manamana e ākea ma kahi kui kuʻi e like me ka nila i kapa ʻia ʻo kechtlamitl; Hoʻopili kēia ʻāpana i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa mai mua e nā pā liʻiliʻi a i ʻole xolochtik, hoʻopau ʻia i kahi ākea a me ka wavy; Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pālule ʻē aʻe i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lole kihi ma ka ʻaoʻao luna, i kāhiko ʻia me nā humuhumu kea i kapa ʻia ʻo ixketla tlapoali, ma nā pūlima, ma mua a ma hope, e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻi o nā holoholona, nā pua a i ʻole nā frets o nui nā kala a hoʻohui i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa i ke ala like me ka mea ma mua; hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano palule ʻelua i mua o ka palule a hoʻokuʻu ke kua.
Wahi a ka ʻono a me ka mana kūʻai o kēlā wahine kēia wahine, hōʻea ke kīʻaha i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae a loaʻa i kahi kāʻei me nā drawstrings e ʻae iā ia e hoʻopili i ka pūhaka; ma ka hapa waena he mau kāhiko lace a me 5 mau lipine o nā kala like ʻole i kapa ʻia ikuetlatso; 4 a i ʻole 5 mau tucks a i ʻole tlapopostektli e kau ʻia ma ka lihi, me kahi kahakaha o ka lole like akā me nā pelu i kapa ʻia ʻo itenola, kahi e haki ka hoʻomau ʻana o ia; Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kāʻei pūhaka a i ʻole iixpantsaja ma luna o ka palule, a hiki i lalo o ke kuli a hana ʻia i ka lole polyester ʻano Scottish, mahalo nui ʻia e nā wahine.
ʻO ka hapa nui e ʻaʻahu i kēia ʻano, ulana lākou i ko lākou poʻo me ka lou a humuhumu ʻia o ka nila a humuhumu i ko lākou mau palule a i humuhumu ʻia paha me ka mīkini. Ua poina ʻia ka loom backstrap kahiko, a koe wale nō i nā manawa maʻamau e hoʻohana ʻia ia e nā wahine ma mua o 70 mau makahiki, ka poʻe e hana ana i nā kāwele pulupulu, mahalo nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he makana i nā hana maʻa mau. ʻO nā loom e waiho mau nei e pili ana i kekahi wēlau o ka puka o ka hale a ʻo kekahi i ka pūhaka o ka mea nāna e hana, ma o ke kuitlapamitl, ma ke ʻano he mecapal. ʻO ka mea ulana iā lākou iho e mahi i ka nāhelehele a hoʻokō i ke kaʻina o ka hana ʻana i ka pae pulupulu, e hana ana i kā lākou iho kālī a i ʻole malacatl, i hana ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: kahi lāʻau ma kahi o 30 cm a me kahi ʻāpana hemispherical o ka pālolo i wili ʻia i loko. me ka māhele poepoe i lalo, ma ke ʻano he counterweight. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka spindle i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi a chaualkaxitl paha. Hana ʻia ka loom i nā ʻāpana wahie hemo, a he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ko kā lākou hana.
I kahi lā maʻamau ma Chicontepec, hoʻomaka ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā o nā wahine me ka hiʻona o nā lapalapa lā mua, ke lohe ʻia nā leo o ka wili ʻana o ka palaoa i ka metate. Hāpai nā wahine ʻē aʻe i ka wai mai nā luawai a lawe i ka manawa kūpono e ʻauʻau a holoi lole, ʻoiai e hana ana kekahi i kēia hana like i ka wahi o nā pūnāwai. Hoʻi lākou i ko lākou mau hale hele wāwae wāwae, no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia ia mai ka wā ma mua o ka wā Hispanic, e halihali pū ana me aʻu i kahi keiki kāne piha i ka lole a i ʻole ka bākeke me ka wai ma ko lākou poʻo, kahi a lākou e mālama ai me ke kaulike nui ʻoiai ka pali o ka pali, me ka ʻole e hoʻokuʻu i kahi kulu.
I loko o ka ʻāina he nui nā hana kūpuna i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia, ma waena o ia mau mea: tlamana a i ʻole mōhai kulina palupalu, a me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo tlakakauase, i hana ʻia i ka wā i hoʻoholo ai kekahi mau ʻōpio e male. A laila lawe mai ke kāne kāne i nā makana he nui i nā mākua o ke kaikamahine. I loko o kēia mau huakaʻi kipa ʻana ka wahine i kona kapa maikaʻi loa a hoʻopaʻa i kona lauoho me nā lipine ʻololī o nā wili ʻano like ʻole, e puka ana ma kahi o ʻewalu ʻīniha mai ka piko o ka lauoho; uhi ʻia ka ʻāʻī me nā lei he nui i hana ʻia i nā lei aniani hollow, a i ʻole nā mea kala ʻalani ʻē aʻe, nā mekala, nā dālā; Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā gula pepeiao gula a kālā paha i ke ʻano o ka hapalua mahina, kālai ʻia i ke kaona ʻo "Cerro". ʻO kēia mea hoʻonaninani āpau e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka nui o nā wā kahiko, e hoʻomau nei i ka ʻuhane ʻōiwi Mekiko, kahi e mahalo mau ai i nā waihoʻoluʻu hoʻonaninani, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā mea nani a me nā hiʻohiʻona nani o kona lole.
Inā ʻoe e hele i CHICONTEPEC
Lawe i ke alanui no. 130, e hele ana ma waena o Tulancingo, Huauchinango, Xicotepec de Juárez a me Poza Rica. Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tihuatlán, e hele i ke ala e hele aʻe ma waena o ka noho aupuni i kapa ʻia ʻo Álamo Temapache, a ma kahi o 3 km e ʻike ʻoe i ka hoʻololi ʻana iā Ixhuatlán de Madero a me Chicontepec, kahi āu e hōʻea ai ma hope o ka hala ʻana i nā kaona ʻo Lomas de Vinazco, Llano de Ma ka waena, ʻo Colatlán lāua ʻo Benito Juárez. Ma kahi o 380 km ka lōʻihi a loaʻa nā lawelawe āpau.
Punawai: ʻAʻole ʻIikiko Mexico No 300 / Pepeluali 2002
