Ma kēia wahi, i ka wā ahiahi, he hanana kupaianaha e kū mai ana: mai ka waha o ke ana e puka mai ana kahi kolamu i hana ʻia he mau ka opeapea he mau kaukani e lele me ke kikoʻī kikoʻī.
I nā ana o Agua Blanca, i ka wā ahiahi, he hanana kupaianaha i kū. ʻO kahi kolamu i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he tausani e puka mai ana mai ka waha o ke ana, e hoʻopuka ana i nā screech kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a e lele ana me ka kikoʻī kikoʻī. ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi i kū i nā lālā a me nā kumu waina e kau ana ma ka puka; hana like lākou āpau i ka piʻi ʻana e like me ke ao ʻeleʻele i ke ahiahi.
ʻO ka hanana weliweli ma kahi o ʻelima mau minuke a hoʻolaha i ke ala ʻana o nā mea ola he lehulehu e noho ana i ka ululāʻau, i waena o lākou, nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, kekahi o nā holoholona hoihoi loa, kupaianaha a ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻole ʻia hoʻi i ke kanaka.
ʻO nā ʻōpeʻe wale nō nā mea hānai manu lele ma ka Honua a ʻo ka mea kahiko loa; Ua hoʻi ko lākou kumu i ka Eocene, kahi manawa o ke kau Tertiary i hala mai 56 a 37 miliona mau makahiki, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻelua mau suborder, Megachiroptera a me Microchiroptera.
Noho ka pūʻulu ʻelua i ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa o Mekiko, me kahi liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi, me nā ʻeheu mai 20 a 90 cm ka lōʻihi, kaupaona ʻia mai ka ʻelima a hiki i ka 70 gram a me nā ʻano maʻamau i ka pō. Loaʻa i nā ʻano āpau i kēia hui ke hiki ke kula a ma kekahi o ke ʻano o ka ʻike a me ka pilau e hoʻomohala ʻia i kahi kekelē ʻoi aku a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau a me ka biotic o ko mākou ʻāina, kiʻekiʻe ka helu o nā ʻano Mekiko: 137 i hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia i nā wahi tropical a subtropical, ʻoiai aia kekahi ma nā wahi maloʻo a me nā wao akua. ʻO kēia ka ʻaneʻane loaʻa iā mākou he ʻelima o ka 761 i kēia manawa i ka honua.
ʻO Echolocation, ka ʻōnaehana kūpono
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui nā ʻōpeʻa he ʻano iole lele, a ʻoiai he inoa o nā iole makapō, ʻaʻole kekahi a ʻaʻole kekahi. He mau māmela lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā holoholona mehana koko me ko lākou mau kino i uhi ʻia i ka lauoho a hānai i kā lākou keiki. ʻO lākou nā ʻano āpau, liʻiliʻi a me ka waena, me nā ihu elongated a kiko hoʻi, nā helehelena pālahalaha a me nā ihu kukū, me nā pepeiao pōkole a me nā maka liʻiliʻi, nā huluhulu silky a shaggy, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, hina a me ka ʻalani hoʻi, e like me ke kala. ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai. ʻOiai ko lākou ʻokoʻa, kaʻana like lākou i kahi ʻano e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou: kā lākou ʻōnaehana eolocation.
Ke lele nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻōnaehana kani holomua loa i ka honua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mokulele hakakā; Hana lākou i kēia ma ke kīkē ʻana a lākou i hoʻokuʻu ai i ka wā o ka lele. Hele ka hōʻailona ma waena o ka lewa, lele i nā mea paʻa, a hoʻi i kou mau pepeiao ma ke ʻano he echo, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike inā he pōhaku, kumulāʻau, ʻelala, a mea paha i ʻike maka ʻole ʻia e like me ka lauoho kanaka.
Mahalo i kēia a me ko lākou mau ʻeheu, he lima maoli ia me nā manamana lōʻihi i hoʻohui ʻia e kahi membrane ʻili lahilahi, neʻe mālie lākou i ka lewa ma o nā wahi paʻa loa a i ʻole nā māla ākea, kahi e piʻi ai i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 100 km i kēlā me kēia hola. a me nā kiʻekiʻe he ʻekolu tausani mau mika.
Kūlike ʻole i ka hilinaʻi nui, he ʻōkalakala loa nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā holoholona akamai e noho pū me mākou i kēlā me kēia lā, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ke ʻike mākou iā lākou i nā pāka, nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā māla, nā alanui a me nā square o ke kūlanakauhale e ʻimi holoholona ana i ka pouli. ʻAʻole mamao lākou mai nā mea hoʻoweliweli a me nā mea make koko i hana ʻia e ka fiction iā lākou, a ʻo ka ʻikepili aʻe ka mea e hōʻoia ai.
No 137 mau ʻano Mekiko, 70% nā insectivores, 17% hānai i nā hua, 9% ma ka nectar a me ka pollen, a me ke koena o ka 4% - kahi i hana ʻia i ʻeono mau ʻano ʻekolu - ʻekolu hānai ma nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi a ʻo nā mea ʻekolu nā kapa ʻia he vampires, ka mea e hānai i ke koko o kā lākou mea pio a hoʻouka nui i nā manu a me nā pipi.
Ma ka Repubalika holoʻokoʻa
Noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma loko o ka ʻāina a nui loa i ka tropika, kahi e noho ai lākou i nā lāʻau hollow, nā kahawai, nā mines haʻalele ʻia, a me nā ana. I ka hopena loaʻa lākou i nā helu nui, mai kahi mau kaukani a miliona o ka poʻe.
Pehea lākou e noho ai i nā ana? E ʻike a aʻo hou e pili ana iā lākou, ua komo mākou i ke ana ʻo La Diaclasa, ma ka Agua Blanca State Park, ma Tabasco, kahi e noho ai kahi kolone nui.
Aia nā ʻōpeʻape i ko lākou puʻuhonua ma ka waena o ke ana, kahi e honi mai ai kahi onaona amoniika nui mai nā lepo i waiho ʻia ma ka papahele o ke keʻena. E hele ma laila mākou e hele ma waena o kahi tunnel haʻahaʻa a haiki hoʻi e mālama ana ʻaʻole e pīpī ʻia me kahi kahawai o guano. Ma ʻō aku, ma ka 20 m, wehe ka paukū i kahi keʻena a ʻike ʻia kahi hihiʻo maikaʻi a hiwahiwa hoʻi; kau ʻia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he tausani mau pā ma luna o nā paia a me ka waihona. ʻOiai he makaʻu ʻole ke hāʻawi i kahi kiʻi, manaʻo mākou aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli tausani mau kānaka, ke hana nei i nā pūʻulu maoli.
Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o lākou i nā haunaele, neʻe mālie mākou i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi. Noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa makua a me ʻōpio ma aneʻi, a mai ka wā puna ia he nui nā keiki hānau hou. Ma ka laulaha, he hoʻokahi keiki a kēlā me kēia wahine i kēlā me kēia ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau ʻano; mau ka wā lactation mai ʻelua a i ʻeono mau mahina, i ka manawa e hele aku nā makuahine e hānai i kā lākou mau keiki paʻa paʻa i ka umauma. Ke pale ke kaumaha o ka ʻōpio i ka lele ʻana, waiho lākou iā lākou i ka mālama i nā wahine ʻē aʻe e hoʻolōʻihi i ka mālama kūpono. ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia i ka hoʻi ʻana i ka pūnana a me ka hopohopo ʻole, hiki i ka makuahine ke loaʻa kāna keiki i waena o nā tausani mau kānaka.
Hāʻawi kēia wahi noho i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa me kahi hoʻomaha, kahi kūpono no ka hana hou ʻana, a pale iā lākou mai nā mea ʻino. Ma muli o kā lākou maʻamau maʻamau i ke ao, i ka lā e noho mau ʻole ai lākou, e moe ana ke poʻo i lalo, e pili ana i ka pōhaku me ko lākou mau wāwae, i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe iā lākou. I ka auwina lā hele a ikaika ke kolone a haʻalele lākou i ke ana e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
ʻO kēlā poʻe ʻo Agua Blanca
No ka ʻohana Vespertilionidae kēia mau ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ʻo ia nā pūʻulu insectivorous species e ola ana he 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. He mea nui kēia a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ola, no ka mea, kuleana lākou i ka puehu ʻana i nā hua he nui mai nā hua a lākou e ʻai ai, hoʻoliʻiliʻi lākou i nā pua o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu i hua ʻole ʻole, e like me ka mango a ʻawa, maiʻa hihiu, sapote, a me ka pepa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole lawa kēlā, ua ʻai ke kolone ʻo Agua Blanca e pili ana i hoʻokahi tonika o nā nūnū i kēlā me kēia pō, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kona lehulehu no ka pono o ka mahiʻai.
I ka wā kahiko, noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i kahi kūlana kūikawā i ka manaʻo haipule o nā moʻomeheu Mesoamerican. Ua kāhea aku ka poʻe Maya iā ia ʻo tzotz a pani iā ia i loko o nā ipu, nā pahu mea ʻala, nā ipu aniani a me nā mea he nui, e like me nā Zapotecs, ka mea i manaʻo iā ia kekahi o ko lākou mau akua nui. No nā Nahuas o Guerrero ʻo ka ʻōpeʻa ka ʻelele o nā akua, i hana ʻia e Quetzalcóatl e ka ninini ʻana i kāna hua ma luna o kahi pōhaku, ʻoiai no nā Aztecs he akua ia o ka honua i lalo, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā codices ʻo Tlacatzinacantli, ke kanaka ʻōpeʻapeʻa. I ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka Paniolo, ua nalowale ke ʻano hoʻomana o kēia mau holoholona e hāpai i kahi moʻo o nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao e kū ʻole ana, akā aia nō kekahi lāhui e mahalo nei iā ia; nā Tzotziles o Chiapas, nona ka inoa o nā kāne bat.
ʻO ko mākou naʻaupō e pili ana i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou wahi noho - ʻo ka hapanui o nā ululāʻau - he makaʻu i ke ola ʻana o kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha, a ʻoiai ua kūkala mua ke aupuni ʻo Mekiko i ʻehā mau ʻano e like me ka hoʻoweliweli a me 28 he mea kakaikahi, pono ka nui o ka hana pale iā lākou. Ma laila wale nō e ʻike ai mākou iā lākou e lele ana, e like me kēlā me kēia pō, ma o ka lewa o Mekiko.
