ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kekahi mau kaiāulu ma Mekiko, a me ka naʻaupō o kā lākou waiwai moʻomeheu, ua kōkua i ko lākou nee lohi ʻana a, i kekahi mau hihia, ka haʻalele loa a me ka luku.
Ua loaʻa iā Huatlatlauca kēlā hopena; Eia nō naʻe, mālama nō ia i nā moʻolelo nui o ka mōʻaukala, ka hoʻolālā hale, nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā moʻomeheu, a me nā kaʻao, nā ʻahaʻōlelo, nā kuʻuna waha a me nā hana lima e pili ana i ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, a ua kū a hiki i kēia lā, akā ua nānā mau ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka haʻalele. Ma Huatlatlauca, kahi kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi e waiho ana i kahi ʻāina wela a maloʻo kahi e nui ai ka lime, ʻaʻole paha e hala ka manawa. ʻO nā kamaliʻi, nā wahine a me nā ʻelemākule wale nō i ʻike ʻia ma laila, ʻoiai ke neʻe pinepine ʻana o nā kāne i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hana.
Aia ʻo Huatlatlauca ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ke awāwa ʻo Atlixco, ma ka pā i kapa ʻia ʻo Poblana Plateau, ma ke kumu o ke kuahiwi ʻo Tentzo, kahi kuahiwi liʻiliʻi o nā puʻu ʻoʻoleʻa, limestone a me nā ʻaʻā maloʻo e hana ana i kahi kaumaha nona ka mea i lilo i kahawai no ka muliwai Atoyac Aia ka lehulehu ma kapa o ka muliwai.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka helehelena o Huatlatlauca i kēia manawa mai ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke au o ka noho kolone. Hāʻawi ʻia i kahi kaʻawale o ke kaiāulu, hoʻomau i ke aʻa ʻana i nā hana kaiāulu a me nā moʻomeheu o ka moʻomeheu mua-Hispanic. ʻ Spanishlelo ka hapalua o ka heluna kānaka i ka ʻōlelo Paniolo a ʻo ka hapalua "Mekiko" (Nahuatl). Pēlā nō, i kekahi mau hoʻolauleʻa koʻikoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻia ka lehulehu ma Nahuatl.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻahaʻaina nui loa ma Huatlatlauca ka mea i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ma Ianuali 6, ka lā o ka Magi Hemolele. ʻEono mau mayordoma, hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia kaiāulu, ke mālama nei i kēlā me kēia lā i ka lawe ʻana i nā pua i ka luakini a hānai i ka lehulehu holoʻokoʻa, kahi e mōhai ʻia ai kahi bipi i kēlā me kēia lā. I kēia mau lā piha ke kaona i ka hauʻoli a me ke mele; aia kahi jaripeo, ka hulahula a Moors a me nā Kalikiano, a ua hana ʻia "Ka iho ʻana o ka ʻānela, kahi pāʻani kaulana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no nā kenekulia he nui i ka atrium o ka luakini o Santa María de los Reyes. ʻO ka hana nui a Huatlatlauca mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic ka hana ʻana i nā mea pāma.
Ma nā Lāpule, a e like me ke ʻano Mesoamerican kahiko, hoʻonoho ʻia ka tianguis ma ke ākea nui o ke kaona, kahi e kūʻai ʻia ai nā huahana mai nā wahi kokoke mai.
ʻO "Huatlatlauca i ka ʻōlelo India ka aeto ʻulaʻula", a i ka Mendocino Codex hōʻike ʻia kāna glyph me ke poʻo o kahi kanaka me kahi poʻo poʻo kahiʻu kahi ʻia me ka pena ʻulaʻula.
I loko o kahi māhele hoʻolālā, ma nā awāwa ʻo Puebla a me Tlaxcala, ua hana nui ʻo Huatlatlauca, ma ka wā Hispanic a me ka mōʻaukala kolone, mai ka manawa i hāʻawi mua ai i ka hoʻokupu i nā Haku o Mekiko a ma hope aku i ka lei aliʻi. no Sepania mai. ʻO kāna poʻe kūpuna kahiko nā hui o ka moʻokūʻauhau Olmec-Xicalan, a ma hope ua kipaku ʻia mai kēia mau ʻāina e nā hui o Chichimecas i haki iā lākou ma kahi o ka makahiki 12th AD. Ma hope, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi mana hegemonic i ka ʻāina, ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Huatlatlauca i mea kōkua no Cuauhtinchan, ma ke ʻano he hoa aloha o Totomihuacan, a i ʻole ma lalo o Señorío de Tepeaca. ʻO ia wale nō a hiki i ke kolu o ka hope o ke kenekulia 15 ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka noho aliʻi ʻana o Mekiko ma ke awāwa ʻo Puebla a me ka papu e hoʻonoho iā Huatlatlauca ma lalo o ke aupuni o ka Haku o Mexico-Tenochtitlán. I ka New Spain Papers ua ʻōlelo ʻia "no Moctezuma Señor de México lākou, a ua hāʻawi aku kāna mea i hala iā ia i ka lime keʻokeʻo, nā ʻohe paʻa a nui a me nā pahi e hoʻokomo i nā lances, a me nā koʻokoʻo koʻokoʻo paʻa e hakakā, a me ka pulupulu ʻāhiu no nā lole komo a me nā corselets i kau ʻia e nā kāne o ke kaua ...
Ua hōʻea ka mea lanakila ʻo Hernán Cortés i ka ʻāina a hāʻawi iā Huatlatlauca i ka mea lanakila ʻo Bernardino de Santa Clara, me ke kuleana e hoʻokomo i loko o ka pahu o ka mōʻī i ka huahana o nā ʻauhau e loaʻa ai nā lole, nā ʻupena, nā moʻo, nā ʻoka, nā palaoa a me nā pī. . I ka make ʻana o ka encomendero ma 1537, ua hala ke kaona i ke kalaunu ʻo ia kahi puʻuwai me Teciutlán a me Atempa, no ke kaona ʻo Izúcar de Matamoros i kēia manawa. Mai ka 1536, loaʻa iā Huatlatlauca kahi luna ponoʻī a ma waena o 1743 a me 1770 ua hoʻohui ʻia i ka keʻena nui o Tepexi de la Seda, i kēia lā ʻo Rodríguez, kahi ʻāpana kahi e hilinaʻi ai.
E pili ana i kāna euanelio, ua ʻike mākou ʻo ka poʻe Francis mua i hōʻea i ia wahi ʻo ka Franciscans a ma waena o 1566 a 1569, ua haʻalele lākou i kahi, a hāʻawi iā lākou i ka poʻe pule Augustinian, nāna i hoʻopau i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka hale ʻaha a noho ma ka pūnaewele a hiki i ka Kenekulia 18, waiho iā mākou i kekahi o nā laʻana nui o ka paneli lāʻau a me ka pena mural polychrome.
ʻO ka mea e noho ai ma mua o ka Hispanic, aia ma ka hema o ka hale konikona, koe kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā papahele, kahi ʻāpana o ka paia i kūkulu ʻia me ka lime keʻokeʻo, ke one a me nā ʻāpana o nā mea pālolo me nā ʻano o ka Mixteca a me Cholula.
ʻIke pū kekahi mākou i kekahi mau laʻana o ka hoʻolālā kīwila kolone, e like me kahi alahaka i mālama pono ʻia a me kahi hale 16th kenekulia, ka mea i kūkulu mua ʻia e ka Paniolo a i hoʻonohonoho ʻia paha i nā frars mua, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā motifs Hispanic ma ka lintel a me nā jambs. o kona alo i loko, a me kahi umu berena nui loa. He maʻalahi nā hale Huatlatlauca, ua uhi lākou i nā hale mauʻu, me nā paia pōhaku keʻokeʻo mai ka ʻāina. Hoʻopaʻa ka hapanui i kā lākou mau umu, nā poʻomanaʻo a me nā coscomates (ʻano silos kahi e mālama mau ai lākou i ka palaoa), e ʻae ai iā mākou e noʻonoʻo me kahi kokoke e pili ana i ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻololi nui nā hale o kēia wā a me nā ipu ukali i ka ʻāina, a lilo ia i mea lilo loa o ke kaila kuhikuhonua vernacular. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale a mālama i ka hoʻokaʻawale teritori o nā kaiāulu. I kēlā me kēia o lākou he hale pule. Kūkulu ʻia paha kēia mau mea i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 17, e like me ko San Pedro a me San Pablo, ʻo San José-kahi e mālama mau nei i kahi kuahu liʻiliʻi-, San Francisco, La Candelaria a me San Nicolás de Tolentino, aia i ka lua ʻĀpana Huatlatlauca. I loko o lākou āpau aia kahi haku liʻiliʻi e nānā mau ana i ke komohana, e like me ka hale ʻenekini. Mālama lākou i kā lākou mau kīʻaha ponoʻī nāna e mālama iā lākou me ke aloha, pili a me ka mahalo.
I nā makahiki kanaono, ua ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe noiʻi mai ka lNAH ka pāhono conventual o Santa María de los Reyes, Huatlatlauca, e hana ana i nā hana mālama mua a me nā hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hemo ʻana o ka uhi lime ma nā mural. i noi ʻia iā lākou i kekahi manawa i hala a uhi pono ʻia ka aneane 400 m2 o ka pena mural, ma ka hale haʻahaʻa a luna hoʻi. Ua mālama ʻia ka hana mālama ma luna o nā hale o ka hale, kahi e puka mai ai ka nui o ka wela.
ʻO ka hale konehena holoʻokoʻa o Santa María de los Reyes he atrium huinahā like me nā puka komo ʻelua a me ka paia hui. Ma kekahi o kona mau welau, ma ka hema, aia ka sundial i hana ʻia i ka pōhaku.
Ke kuʻi nei i ka atrium ke kū nei i ka halepule, i kahi ʻano Plateresque. Kūkulu ʻia ia me kahi hale nave hoʻokahi me ka waihona ipu, me nā hale pule ʻekolu a me ka presbytery semicircular. Ua haʻalele nā Francis Francis i loko o kēlā luakini, hou hou ʻia- kekahi o nā laʻana maikaʻi loa o nā kaupaku coffered lāʻau mai ka 16 kenekulia e mālama mau ʻia nei i ko mākou ʻāina, a ma ka nave a ma ka lumi o lalo, he mea hoʻonaninani me nā kumuhana allusive iā Franciscan iconography, i hana hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a hana ʻia i nā paneli huinahā i kālai ʻia mai ka lāʻau ahuehuete. ʻO kekahi, e like me nā sotocoro, loaʻa nā noi i ke kālā a me ke gula.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema kahi kūkulu o ka mea i ʻike ʻia he hale pule hāmama, a ma hope iho brick up, a kahi e noho nei i kahi ʻāpana o ka Archive Parish. Aia ma ka ʻākau ka puka e hiki ai ke komo i ka hale kope o ka hale ʻumeʻa a ma ka ʻaoʻao waena aia kahi pahu wai pōʻai. Ma waho aʻe o nā pūnaewele maoli, ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau keʻena ʻē aʻe, kūkulu ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei a kū i ke ʻano o ka māla Convent. Ma nā pae ʻelua o ke kāhili, o nā ana liʻiliʻi, mālama ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi polychrome o ka maikaʻi o ka ea a me ka momona kiʻi, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā paʻi o nā lima a me nā kaila like ʻole.
Ma ke keʻena hailona lalo kahi mau haipule e pili ana i ka papa o San Agustín: Santa Mónica, San Nicolás de Tolentino, San Guillermo, a me nā martyrs ʻē aʻe i hōʻike wale ʻia i ka kiʻi kiʻi o kēia ʻaha: San Rústico, San Rodato, San Columbano, San Bonifacio lāua ʻo San Severo. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka Flagellation, ke Keʻaʻāina a me ke ala hou ʻana o Kristo, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kihi o nā paia kāhili. Ma luna o kēia mau mea āpau, aia kahi frieze me nā haipule a me nā lunaʻōlelo i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pale kaua, akā ua mae loa i kekahi mau ʻāpana. Ma waena o ka pale a me ka pale ʻike mākou i ka hoʻonaninani o nā mea kanu, nā manu, nā holoholona a me nā ʻānela e hana hou iā lākou iho me ka piha a me ka manaʻo a me ka hōʻailona. I ke keʻena luna kiʻekiʻe, aia ka hapa nui o ka pena kiʻi i kahi kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka mālama ʻana a nalowale loa kekahi; Eia hoʻi, ma nā kihi o kēlā me kēia pā, nā hiʻohiʻona haipule koʻikoʻi e like me The Last Judgment, ka Flagellation, ka Garden Garden, the Resurrection and the Crucifixion, the Thebaid, ke alanui to Calvary a me ka Ecce Homo i hōʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa e pili ana i ka hale konikona ʻo ia nō ka repertoire kūikawā o nā kiʻi Baibala i hōʻike ʻia i kēia mural. He mea ia ma waho o ka maʻamau i ka ʻAukake Augustinian o ke kenekulia 16.
He wahi poina nō hoʻi ʻo Huatlatlauca, akā ʻo kāna waiwai kūlohelohe, mōʻaukala, moʻomeheu a me nā mea noʻeau i hiki ke lilo hou aku, ʻaʻole ma muli o ka hōʻino wale ʻia ʻana e ka manawa a me ke kaiapuni, akā ma muli nō hoʻi o ka mālama ʻole o nā kamaʻāina a me nā malihini kipa i nā ʻano like ʻole. hana lākou i ka nalo helehelena o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o ko mākou wā i hala. Hiki i kēia ke hana i kahi void i hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o kā mākou mōʻaukala kolona ʻaʻole mākou e minamina lawa. Koi koke ʻia e hoʻohuli i kēia kaʻina hana.
Puna: Mekiko i ka Manawa Helu 19 Iulai / ʻAukake 1997
