ʻO kēia ʻāpana hana noʻeau i kēia lā kahi mea kōkua nani i waiwai nui ʻia e ke kaiāulu o ke ao, i mahalo i kāna hana lahilahi. Pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wahine Mekiko ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi i loko o kona kapa lole a hoʻokomo iā ia no ka mea, kahi ʻāpana kūikawā no ka mea ua hana ʻia e ka lima me nā mea maikaʻi loa.
Mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka rebozo ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana lole, i ʻoi aʻe i kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua, e lilo i hōʻailona o ka ʻike kūloko, kahi a nā mea hana lima Mekiko i hana ai no ka manawa lōʻihi e hopu i ka hana a me ka manaʻo o nā kiʻi ʻōiwi a kaulana He aha nā mea e hōʻike ana i kona mea nui ma mua o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana a nā wahine e hāʻawi ai iā ia i nā manawa nui o kona ola, e like me: ke moe ʻana iā ia i ka wā hānau, a hoʻopiha i kāna trousseau mare, a ʻo ka mea hope loa, he ʻāpana o ka lole e pono hele pū me ia i kāna huakaʻi i ka afterlife.
Nā hālāwai kūkā ʻohana
E like me ka nui o kā mākou hana lima, ʻike ka shawl i nā hale aʻo ʻohana i kahi kūpono no kāna elaboration koi, e lilo ana i kuʻuna a haʻaheo, e hoʻoili nei i nā mea huna o ke kālepa a me ka ʻike, mai ia hanauna a ia hanauna.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole hele ka hana ʻana o ka shawl i kekahi o kāna mau manawa maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā kumu like ʻole e like me ka ʻoihana e neʻe nei, ka nele o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka huahana, nā koina kiʻekiʻe o nā mea maka, nā makemake no nā ʻano lole a me ka hoihoi ʻole o nā hanauna hou e hoʻomau i ke kālepa, waiho i kēia ʻoihana i kahi pilikia nui. o ka luku.
ʻO nā kikowaena hana e ulu nei e like me Santa María del Río, ma San Luis Potosí; Tenancingo, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Mekiko; La Piedad, Michoacán; Santa Ana Chautenpan, Tlaxcala; a me Moroleón, Guanajuato, hōʻike i nā pohō nui i ke kūʻai ʻana mai i kā lākou huahana kamahaʻo, kā lākou mau mea hana lima e paʻa ana e hoʻomau i ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ke aloha i ke kuʻuna ma mua o ka ʻoihana.
Ke kula rebozo
Ma ke kikowaena hana ʻo Santa María del Río, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo San Luis Potosí, ua hoʻi ka moʻomeheu hana lima i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1764, a kū aʻe i ka pane ʻana i ka pono o nā wahine mestizo no kahi lole e uhi i ko lākou poʻo ke komo i nā heiau.
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa ia a he lole i loaʻa i loko o nā kapa komo o kahi wahine waiwai, a i ʻole i kahi noho hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa, ʻokoʻa wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana, no ka mea, he ʻāpana ia i ʻae ʻia e hōʻike kona solvency hoʻokele waiwai, ʻoiai i loko o nā mea ʻē aʻe he lole laulā ia i kōkua i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā (kapa, ʻeke, ʻūlū, uhi, a pēlā aku.
ʻAe kahi kaʻao iā mākou e ʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke komo o ka rebozo me nā wahine o ka ʻāina a kikoʻī hoʻi me ka poʻe o Otomí, no ka mea ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻano maʻamau kā lākou e hoʻowai i ka piko o kahi rebozo i ka wai o ka punawai. ke hoʻomanaʻo lākou i kā lākou ipo.
Ke hana nei kahi kula Workshop rebocería ma kēia pūnaewele mai 1953, e ka mea hana kiʻi kaulana ʻo Felipe Acevedo; ma laila e hiki ai i ka mea kipa ke nānā i ke kaʻina hana lole piha mai 30 a 60 mau lā ma ka awelika a he 15 mau ʻanuʻu. Ua lanakila kēia kula kula i ka makana 2002 National for Popular Arts and Traditions.
Minamina i kēia mea ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa loa ka panorama mai nā mea i hana ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka Repubalika, e like me ka mana o ka mokuʻāina, ka ʻoihana rebocera nui i hoʻolako i kāna huahana hanohano i nā mokuʻāina like ʻole a me nā ʻāina ʻē, ke hele nei i kahi ulia pōpilikia koʻikoʻi ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole e like me ka noi haʻahaʻa, nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hana ʻē aʻe i ka wahi.
Ke lanakila lanakila nei
Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā hui like ʻole i ka wahi e mālama i ka hana, a me ka paipai ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka siliki maoli; ʻO Isabel Rivera lāua ʻo Julia Sánchez kekahi mau mea hana lima poʻokela ʻelua mai Santa María del Río, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻāina a me ka pae honua; ʻo lākou kekahi o nā mea hana lima hope loa i hiki ke humuhumu i nā leka ma ka rapacejo, ma ka ihope backstrap. Hoʻolaʻa lākou i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o ko lākou manawa i ka hoʻolaha a me ke aʻo ʻana o ke kālepa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma ke ʻano he hana kaiaulu ma mua o kahi ʻano maikaʻi.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka loom backstrap, kahi mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka hana ʻana, i kēia wā ka mōʻaukala; ʻo ka mea mua no ka mea ʻike iki ka poʻe i ka lawelawe ʻana iā ia a ʻo ka lua no ka mea aia nā ala maʻalahi e hana i ka rebozo.
Ma waho o ka hale hana ʻo Santa María, aia kekahi mau kikowaena ʻē aʻe i ka ʻāina i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka loina rebozo e like me ka Museo del Rebozo ma La Piedad, Michoacán; ka Workshop no nā mea ulana o ke kolu o ka makahiki, hoʻonohonoho ʻia e conaculta, ma Acatlán, Veracruz; a me ka Workshop Rebocería o ka House of Culture ma Tenancingo, Mokuʻāina ʻo Mekiko, e mālama ana i ka mea hana lima ʻo Salomón González.
Ke hāʻawi nei me kēia ʻano hana a me ka waiwai o nā hana noʻeau a me nā kuʻuna i loaʻa i kēia mau ʻāpana e ʻae iā mākou e mālama ola i nā loina o nā kūpuna, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lawe hou ʻana i kēia kapa no nā hana i kēlā me kēia lā e kamaʻilio pū ana hoʻi i ka nani o ka lole a me ka hoihoi i loko. ʻoi aku i ka moʻomeheu Mekiko.
He momi maoli nā shawl mai San Luis Potosí, ʻaʻohe kūlike o ko lākou kala, nā hoʻolālā a me nā mea i ka honua, no laila ua lanakila lākou i nā makana he nui.
Nā hopena nani
ʻO ka hana elaboration he hoihoi loa a hana. ʻO ka paepae mua kahi o ka paila ʻana a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana i ka pae, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kaʻina e hoʻohana ʻia a hana ʻia ka shawl; inā he "ʻala" ia, e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ka pae i loko o ka wai o ka wai me nā mea kanu like ʻole, i waena o ia mau mea he mije, rosemary a me zempatzuchitl, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e mālama lili ʻia me he ʻohana huna; aiʻole 'wili' i ka starch, inā he hana maʻamau.
A laila pono ʻoe e pepen a hoʻomālamalama i ka wili, a laila 'nakinaki i kahi pōpō', a i ʻole ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai e hana ana i nā skeins, i kēia manawa e kala ʻia e ka poʻe loea ka wili me nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hāʻawi i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o ke ʻano shawl. .
ʻO ka anuu aʻe kekahi o nā mea nui loa: ʻo ke kaua ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kau ʻana i ka pae ma ka mea ulana, e huki a hoʻolālā i nā kiʻi e komo ai ke kino o ka shawl. Hoʻopili kēia, me ka hoʻohui i ka laina, ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana āu e makemake ʻole ai e kala (ʻaʻole e huikau me ka kala kumu o mua).
Akā kānalua ʻole ka mea nui nui, ʻoiai e hoʻoholo nui ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāpana, ʻo ia ka elaboration o ka rapacejo a i ʻole hiki iā mākou ke kāhea i ka lihi o ka shawl, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana e hāpai ana i ka hana paʻakikī a hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kona lōʻihi. a i 30 mau lā. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i wili ʻia paha kēia, a hiki ke hōʻike i nā fret, nā leka a i ʻole nā kiʻi; I kēia lā hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā kaila o jarana, grid a petatillo paha.
