ʻO David Alfaro Siqueiros, hānau ʻia ma ka lā 29 o Kēkēmapa 1896, ma Santa Rosalía, i kēia lā ʻo Camargo, Chihuahua, i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā neʻe e hoʻokau i ke kenekulia.
I ke kuni o kona wā ʻōpio, ua komo ʻo ia i ka hana kipi ma ka San Carlos Academy ma 1911. ʻO kēia neʻe ʻana ʻaʻole wale ia i hoʻololi i ka palapala radical a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana noʻeau i ka ʻāina, akā ua hoʻolilo ʻia ʻo ia i koa koa. Kumukanawai i ke Komohana, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a General Manuel M. Diéguez. Me ke kūlana o ke kāpena ʻelua, a me ka piʻi ʻana o Venustiano Carranza i ka pelekikena o ka Lepupalika, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he pūʻali koa i nā ʻelele o Sepania, ʻItalia a me Palani, i ka makahiki 1919. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kēia manawa e hui a launa pū. me nā mea nui o nā Europa avant-gardes a me kā lākou mau exponents, a e hoʻopaʻa i ka hana no ka Renaissance, ka mea āna i ʻike ai ma o kāna kumu ʻo Gerardo Murillo, Kauka Atl, ma ka National School of Fine Arts.
Ma Palisa, ua hui ʻo Siqueiros me Diego Rivera me ia kahi i hāʻawi ai i ka hanu o ka Revolution Revolution a hoʻokumu i kahi aloha e paʻa ai ke koena o kona ola. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Mekiko i ka makahiki 1922 - ma ke kono a José Vasconcelos, a laila ke kākau ʻōlelo o ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni - e hui pū me nā mea pena kiʻi i hana i nā murala mua ma ke Kula Hoʻomākaukau Aupuni ʻo San Ildefonso. No ka hana ʻana i kāna mural mua loa ua koho ʻo ia i ka pahu o ke alapiʻi i ka pā o ka "kula liʻiliʻi". I ka hopena o kāna kau, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Vasconcelos i kāna kūlana e Manuel Puig Cassaurang nāna i koi i nā mea pena e haʻalele i kā lākou pūʻali koa komunista ākea. Ma ka hana ʻole ʻana, kipaku ʻia ʻo Siqueiros lāua ʻo José Clemente Orozco mai kā lāua murala i hoʻi ʻole ai ʻo Siqueiros i hoʻi.
ʻO ka hana o ka hoʻolaha a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o ka manaʻo komunista ma o ka nūpepa "El Machete". i hele mai i lilo i mea hoʻomaopopo no ka Union of Revolutionary Painters, Sculptors a me Engravers e hana ma ke ʻano he lālā nui o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻAoʻao Komunista Mekiko. Ua alakaʻi lākou iā Siqueiros e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻouka kaua ikaika e kūkulu a hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻuniona, e lilo ana i Kakauolelo General o ka Workers 'Confederation of Jalisco.
I ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻopaʻahao ʻia ʻo Siqueiros no ke komo ʻana i nā hōʻike Mei 1, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Taxco ma Guerrero. Ma laila ʻo ia i hui ai me William Spratting nāna i kākoʻo iā ia e hoʻomau i ka pena ʻana. I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua huakaʻi ʻo Siqueiros i Los Angeles, Kaleponi, e mālama i nā hōʻike like ʻole, a aʻo i nā papa muralism ma ke Kula Kiʻi Chouinard, i kono ʻia e Millard Sheets. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi kime āna i kapa ai ʻo ka American Block of Painters a aʻo aku i ka muralism e ke pena ʻana. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka hālāwai mural ma ke alanui, kahi i holoi ʻia ma hope koke iho no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka poʻe o ke kala i kēia kumuhana, a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka haʻiʻōlelo politika nui. Ua ulu kona kime a ua kauoha ʻia ʻo ia me kahi mural hou ma ke keʻena ʻo Art Art. ʻO kēia mural kekahi i hoʻonāukiuki a kauoha ʻia e holoi i ka hapa mua a laila pau loa. I kona noho ʻana ma Kaleponi, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Siqueiros he ʻano pilikino kona.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo Siqueiros i kahi ʻoihana e nuansa mau ʻia e kāna hana kaiaulu, me kona ʻano ke kumu o nā hōʻino a me nā hakakā me nā luna. Ma kahi o 1940 i ka manawa -o nā leʻaleʻa Mekiko mua loa no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ala aʻe - kahi i hoʻonohonoho ai i ke ʻano no ke kākoʻo ʻana o nā mea noʻeau ma mua ʻole i ko mākou ʻāina. Ua mālama ka poʻe pā kiʻi hou i kahi manaʻo i ʻike ʻia me ka lāhui a he ʻāpana ia o kahi kaiāulu ʻoihana Mekiko kūikawā i ʻike i nā waiwai i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke kaʻina post-Revolutionary. ʻO kekahi o kēia ka makemake i ka nani o ka ʻuhane i ʻimi ʻole i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea noʻeau i kahi wā paʻa, akā e ʻohiʻohi i kahi koho kikoʻī o nā affinities a me nā manaʻo e unuhi i kahi waiwai e kaʻana like ʻia me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO Licio Lagos Terán kahi hiʻohiʻona i kahi o nā mea o ka pilina pili hoʻokahi, kahi e makemake ai ka lāhui a me nā mea āpau āpau me ka manaʻo like, kahi prototype o ka mea kālepa nūnūn i haʻalele ʻole i ka hana noʻonoʻo a kāna poʻe a me nā mea pena kiʻi mai ka kuhi hewa nui ʻole.
Ua hele lima ka mea pena me ka lima o ka patron a hiki i kēia lā, ke hoʻoili nei i ke kālepa o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana no nā hanauna, ua ʻike ke kanaka i nā kumu kiʻekiʻe e hui pū me nā mea noʻeau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomana a me ka naʻau i loko e like me ka manaʻoʻiʻo. i ka mea hiki ʻole ke hana ʻia, ʻoiai ua lilo ka hana akamai i mea nui a me kāna ʻano ʻokoʻa e kāwili ai i ka ʻuhane a me nā mea hilahila ʻole, nā mea maʻemaʻe a me nā mea kekeʻe, nā mea hana me nā mea maoli. Akā e ʻike i ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ke kanaka e loaʻa kahi hana, pono ia e loiloi i kāna hana.
Ma ke kuleana pono mākou e nīnau iā mākou iho, he aha ka mea e hiki ai i nā mea no Mekiko a me kāna mau mea kākau, me ka ʻole ʻo Licio Lagos, me ka ʻole o Alvaro Carrillo Gil, me ka ʻole o Marte R. Gómez, ʻo ia me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, i hoʻoweliweli wale i kā lākou kumuwaiwai ma muli wale nō o kā lākou hilinaʻi i ka ʻike ʻole. He aha ka mea i lilo i kā mākou mau mea pena kiʻi e hoʻokaumaha ʻole pinepine ʻia e ka liʻiliʻi a me ka nele? ʻO ka poʻe ʻohiʻohi o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pilina aloha ʻāina kahi i pili ai ka launa ʻana me ka mea pena kiʻi, ma mua o ka loaʻa kālā. hoʻopili i kēlā me kēia lā i nā pae manaʻo e hoʻohui i ka hana o ka hana ʻana me ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā mea i hana ʻia. Ua loaʻa ʻo Licio Lagos Terán iā ia iho i hoʻokahi awakea ma 1952 ma ka Misrachi Gallery me ke kiʻi pena ʻo Caminantes, i pena ʻia e David Alfaro Siqueiros i kēlā makahiki nō. Me ke kānalua ʻole, i ke aloha me ke kumuhana, kahi e hele ai nā kiʻi ʻahuʻula ʻelua me ka ʻole o kahi pahuhopu kikoʻī, hōʻike ka hana i ka hanana formative ma waena o Lagos a me Siqueiros. Ua haʻalele lāua i ko lākou mau panalāʻau a alo i nā hopena maopopo ʻole - e like me kēlā me kēia huakaʻi - hōʻike ke kiʻi pena i ka hana keaka ma waena o ke kumu a me ka exodo, e ala hou ana i ka nostalgia o ka malihini, ka mea i ka haʻalele ʻana me ka maopopo ʻole.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Licio Lagos Terán ma Cosamaloapan Veracruz i ka makahiki 1902, Siqueiros, ma Chihuahua, ua ola lāua ʻelua i nā hanana o ka hānau ʻana o ka Lepupalika. ʻO ka mea mua i hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ke ola e ka hopu ʻana i ka Port of Veracruz i lawe ʻia e nā ʻAmelika ʻAkau ma ʻApelila 21, 1914, ʻoiai ka lua o ka lua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o Juarista rudeness e kona kupuna kāne ʻo Antonio Alfaro, "ʻEhiku ʻaoʻao" nāna i kaua i ka pūʻali koa. o Juárez e kūʻē i nā hoʻouka kaua haole. Ua hele lāua ʻelua i ke kapitala nui o ka ʻāina e hoʻomau i kā lākou hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoihana: Licio Lagos ma ke Kula ʻo Law, Siqueiros ma ka National School of Fine Arts.
ʻOiai ʻo Licio Lagos e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nei ma ke ʻano he loio, ua lawelawe ʻo Siqueiros ma ke ʻano he kāpena kipi. I ka makahiki 1925, ua loaʻa ʻo Licio i kāna poʻo inoa ʻoihana a ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Siqueiros ma ke ʻano he muralist. I ka makahiki 1929, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Mr. Lagos i kāna ʻōlelo aʻo kū kānāwai i nā ʻoihana, i mau makahiki ma hope lilo i Pelekikena o ka Confederation of Industrial Chambers. ʻO Siqueiros i ka piko o kāna hana union union. ʻOiai nā ʻokoʻa a lākou i kānalua ai, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Licio Lagos lāua ʻo David Alfaro Siqueiros i kahi aloha nui. ʻO ke kūpono a me ka ʻūlū, maikaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻo ka stain e hoʻohālikelike nei iā Caminantes e wehewehe nei i kahi kūlana hauʻoli: ka huakaʻi hele mau o ka panalāʻau i nā kūlanakauhale. Nānā mau ʻo Siqueiros i ka pono e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona maikaʻi i loko o nā noiʻi āna i hoʻomohala ai no kāna mau mural, ʻaʻohe mea kānalua ua haʻi nui kēia kiʻi iā ia e pili ana i kāna mea e ʻimi nei.
Ua kiʻi ʻo Licio Lagos i ka lua a me ke kolu o nā kiʻi mai Siqueiros iho, ʻo Volcán (1955) lāua ʻo Bahía de Acapulco, (Puerto Marqués 1957). Hoʻokomo ʻia lāua ʻelua i loko o ka wā a Lagos i koi ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili nani loa o nā kahakaha ʻo Mexico i ʻike ʻia a hiki i kēia lā. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hana hou aʻe ʻo Sonrisa Jarocha, pena ʻia e ka mea pena kiʻi, i ka hoʻāʻo e hopu i kahi hana āpau i nā loea āpau a me ka mahalo i ke koko Veracruz, no ka nānā ʻana i hana ʻia i kāna mau memoire Ua kapa ʻia lākou iaʻu ʻo Coronelazo ( 1977), kahi āna e wehewehe ai i ka hopena o kona noho ʻōpio ʻana ma ke awa a me kona noho pū ʻana me nā "wahine Jarocha nani".
I ka makahiki 1959, ua minamina ʻo Siqueiros me ka ʻōlapa a nā limahana o ke kaʻaahi Mekiko i hana ai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hewa o ka hoʻoneʻe kaiāulu, ma ka Black Palace o Lecumberri, ma waena o 1960 a me 1964. I kona wā i hahao ʻia ai i loko o ka hale paʻahao, ua hōʻea nā pilikia waiwai i ka ʻohana. a me ka hui o nā mea kōkua muralist. Me ka hopohopo ʻole ua hele ʻo ia i kona mau hoaaloha; ʻo Licio Lagos kekahi o lākou, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i kona lima, e kiʻi ana i ʻehā mau kiʻi kumu ʻē aʻe. Ma waena o kēia mau El beso (1960), kahi e lawe ai ka makuahine i kona kuko i ke ola i kāna keiki. ʻO ka nīnau i nīnau ʻia i hoʻokahi haneli mau manawa pehea e ulu ai kēlā mahalo i waena o kahi komunista radical e like me Siqueiros a me kahi loio hana e like me Licio Lagos; loaʻa ka pane i ka pena ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i nā keiki ʻilihuna o ka Mezquital (1961), kahi hiʻohiʻona maoli o ke aʻo akeakamai o nā hana e pili ana i ka humanism. Hōʻike kēia hana i kahi lehulehu hoʻomaha a hopohopo ʻole, kūpikipiki me nā makemake, ma mua o nā wahine wahine i ʻaʻahu ʻia i nā huluhulu, nā mea ma ko lākou mau wāwae e paʻa i kahi huki nui me nā mea pāʻani i hoʻohana ʻia. Ma waena o ka hoʻokamani a me ke aloha wahaheʻe, hōʻike ʻo Siqueiros me nā hahau ʻana i ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe waiwai e noho mana ana ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea i koe i ka poʻe ʻilihune, kahi mea a Licio Lagos i ʻae ai me ka muralist, i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole pono ka pono. pono ke lawe ʻia e ka lapuwale unconscious, a i ʻole me ka lunamanaʻo i hoʻohilahila ʻia ma ke ʻano he makana. Ua kau ʻo Licio Lagos i ke kiʻi paʻi me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe o ka nani i ka maluhia o kona home, e hōʻike nei i nā paia e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka mea nāna i kūkulu.
ʻEkolu mau lithograph e hoʻopau i ka hōʻiliʻili. ʻO ka mua ka ʻāpana o ka mural Muerte al Invasor, i pena ʻia e Siqueiros ma Chillán, Chile, kahi e hui ai nā poʻo o Galvarino a me Francisco Bilbao i loko o ka uē kipi kūʻē i nā hoʻouka kaua a ka emepaea a me nā hana ʻōiwi kahi e hōʻike ai ʻo Siqueiros i kona mahalo. na Lagos i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana: “No ka loio ʻo Licio Lagos, me ka launa hou o ka mea kākau. I ka pō o ka makahiki hou 1957. " Hoʻokahi hou ʻo Man i nakinaki ʻia i ka kumulāʻau e puka ai nā noiʻi e kū pono ai no ka Poliforum.
Ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki ma hope o Siqueiros a me Licio Lagos, ka mālie a nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻelua i hoʻokaʻawale ai i ko lākou mamao me kahi manawaleʻa nui loa e kāhāhā iā mākou: ke aloha no ka noʻeau, ke kuko no ka mea nui sublime o ke kanaka.
