I ka makahiki 1997, 300 mau makahiki o ka hoʻokumu ʻia o ka nuʻukia o San Cristóbal de Nombre de Dios e ka Makua Franciscan ʻo Alonso Briones i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia, ma kapa o ka muliwai Sacramento, ma ke awāwa kahi o ke kapikala o Chihuahua e noho nei. ʻO kēia mikionali ke kumu nui o ke kūlanakauhale a i kēia lā ʻo Nombre de Dios kekahi o kāna kolone.
ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1697, aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 20 mau makahiki. Ma mua o kēia noho mua ʻana o ʻEulopa, ua noho ke kaiāulu o ka poʻe Concho Indians mai ka wā kahiko mai, ka mea i kapa ʻia ka pūnaewele ʻo Nabacoloaba, nona ka manaʻo i nalo. A ʻo kēia nā mea e hoʻāpono ai no nā kahua Sepania mua ma ke awāwa Chihuahua.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 18, ʻo ka poʻe noho mau ma ka moku o Chihuahua i kēia manawa a me nā wahi e pili ana he mau kahu hānai a me nā mikionali Sepania, a ʻo ka poʻe ʻōiwi i noho ʻākoakoa i nā kaiāulu like ʻole i hoʻopuehu ʻia a puni ka nuʻukia o Nombre de Dios. .
I ka makahiki 1702, e ʻimi ana kahi pipi bipi kūloko i kekahi mau holoholona ma kahi e pili ana iā 40 km mai kēlā wahi, aia kekahi mau mines i mua o ka Terrazas Station i kēia manawa, ma kahi kiko i kapa ʻia ʻo El Cobre, a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka meia o Nombre o ke Akua, i kēlā manawa Blas Cano de los Ríos. Kuhi ʻia nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe ua ʻike ʻia lākou e ka Spanish Bartolomé Gómez, kahi kamaʻāina o Cusihuiriachi.
KA HANAU O KE KEIKI
Ua hoʻoikaika kēia ʻike i kekahi mau hoalauna e ʻimi i nā wahi a puni; no laila, i ka makahiki 1704, ua ʻike ʻo Juan de Dios Martín Barba a me kāna keikikāne ʻo Cristóbal Luján i ka minia kālā mua ma Santa Eulalia i kēia manawa.
He kanaka India hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo Juan de Dios Barba mai New Mexico. I kēlā manawa ua ola ʻo ia a hana i ka nuʻukia o Nombre de Dios a ua hōʻike kekahi mau Tarahumara iā ia i nā puka kālā i nā puʻu kokoke. I ka manawa i loaʻa ai ka ʻike, ua hōʻino ka makuakāne a me kāna keiki i ke aa, a kapa ʻia kona inoa ʻo Kapalakiko de Paula. I Ianuali 1705, ua loaʻa ʻo Cristóbal Luján ponoʻī i kahi mine ʻē aʻe ma ia wahi, a ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka inoa ʻo Nuestra Señora del Rosario. Hana ʻo Luján lāua ʻo Barba i nā māla ʻelua a hiki i ka mea mua, e ʻimi ana i ka wai, ʻike i ka aa i hoʻomaka i ka holo gula ma ia wahi.
I ka makahiki 1707, ma ka ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo La Barranca, ua wehe ʻo Luján lāua ʻo Barba i ka mine Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, i kapa ʻia ʻo La Discovery, a i loko o kekahi mau mahina he nui nā poʻe ʻeli i neʻe i ka ʻāina; Ua waiho ʻia kaʻu mau koi e like me ka hiki i ka mea waiwai La Barranca seam.
Ma hope o ka Discovery, ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kā mākou Lady of Sorrows na General José de Zubiate. Ua loaʻa iā ia ma kahi e 5 km mai kēia lā ʻo Santa Eulalia, kahi a ka poʻe ʻōiwi i kapa ʻia ʻo Xicuahua a me nā Paniolo i hōʻino iā "Chihuahua" a i ʻole "Chiguagua." He huaʻōlelo ia no Nahuatl kumu i manaʻo ʻia "wahi maloʻo a one". No ka concho ʻole ke kumu, manaʻo kekahi mau kānaka ʻepekema ua noho kēia huaʻōlelo ma laila i ka wā i huakaʻi aku ai nā ʻohana Nahua i ka hema. Ma laila kahi lehulehu i hoʻomohala ai ma hope koke aku i kapa ʻia ʻo "Chihuahua el Viejo", nona wale nō nā ʻōpala o kekahi mau hale.
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai e pono ai ka mineral ma kahi o nā mines, ua ulu ʻelua mau kikowaena lehulehu: hoʻokahi ma La Barranca, ma ka wahi mining, a ʻo kekahi ma Junta de los Ríos, kokoke i ka nuʻukia o Nombre de Ke Akua. I ka hope, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā māla pōmaikaʻi, no ka mea, pono lākou i ka wai nui.
Ma ka manawa like i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke kaona ʻōiwi o San Francisco de Chihuahua, ma ke kapa ʻākau o ka muliwai Chuvíscar a ma kahi o 6 a 7 paha km km hema o Nombre de Dios. Ma muli o kēia, hōʻike ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Víctor Mendoza i ka huaʻōlelo "chiguagua" a i ʻole "chihuahua" no Concho ia.
Ma muli o ka māhuahua o ka poʻe e noho nei, i ka makahiki 1708 ua hoʻokumu ke kiaʻāina o Nueva Vizcaya, ʻo Don José Fernández de Córdoba, i ke keʻena mayor o ka Real de Minas de Santa Eulalia de Chihuahua, i hoʻololi iki ʻia ma hope o Santa Eulalia de Mérida. Pēlā i hānau ai ke keiki nui a ka nuʻukia a Nombre de Dios. ʻO ke poʻo mua o ke keʻena o kēia meia ʻo General Juan Fernández de Retana. Ke pāhaʻi nei i ka hana a ka poʻe Paniolo i ka manawa ʻo Chihuahua e bapetizo ai iā Santa Eulalia; no ka mea paha nā mines Zubiate i loaʻa ma Xicauhua ka hoʻohiki nui loa, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma mua. ʻO ka mea ʻoiai mai ia manawa makemake nā poʻe hoalauna i ka huaʻōlelo Chihuahua a ʻaʻole e pau ke kū ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o kēia mau wahi.
HANAU KE KEIKI MAKA MUA
ʻO ka pilikia mua a Don Juan Fernández de Retana i hōʻike ʻia ai i kona kūlana hou ma ke ʻano mayor ma ka Real de Minas de Santa Eulalia de Chihuahua i hoʻokumu ʻia, kahi e loaʻa ai ke poʻo hoʻomalu. Ma hope o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, ua koho ʻo ia i kahi pūnaewele kokoke i Junta de los Ríos, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai Nombre de Dios. Akā ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia wahi hou, ua make ʻo Fernández de Retana i Pepeluali 1708, a ua kāpae ʻia ke koho ʻana.
I ka waena o ia makahiki ua lilo ʻo Don Antonio de Deza y Ulloa i kiaʻāina ma Nueva Vizcaya. Ma hope koke iho, ma ke noi a nā kamaʻāina o Santa Eulalia, ua kipa ʻo ia i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi e hoʻokumu ai i ke poʻo, e ʻae ana i kahi ʻaelike, ma ke koho balota, aia ma ka moku ʻo Junta de los Ríos, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ia wahi. o ka mana o Nombre de Dios. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nalo ka inoa o "Chihuahua", no ka mea, i ka 1718, i ka manawa i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ai ke kaiāulu i ka mahele o ke kaona e ka viceroy Marqués del Balero, ua hoʻololi ʻia iā "San Felipe el Real de Chihuahua". I hoʻokahi manawa i ka hanohano o ka Mōʻī Sepania, Felipe V. I ka manawa i kūʻokoʻa ai ko mākou ʻāina, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kaona i ke kūlana kūlanakauhale ma 1823, me ka inoa ʻo Chihuahua; i ka makahiki aʻe ua lilo ia i kapikala o ka mokuʻāina.
KA HUAOLELO "CHIHUAHUA"
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Papa Kuhikuhi Moʻolelo o Chihuahua, ka chihuahua huaʻōlelo pre-Hispanic ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi kiko kikoʻī, akā i kahi ʻāpana o nā kuahiwi a me nā kula i kapa ʻia e nā kuahiwi i kapa ʻia ʻo Nombre de Dios, Gómez a me Santa Eulalia. Nui nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo "chihuahua". Ma aneʻi ua ʻōlelo mākou ʻelua; ʻo ia o Nahuatl a i ʻole Concho kumu paha, akā aia kekahi pū paha ʻo Tarahumara a ʻo Apache kekahi.
KE KUMU O CHIHUAHUA
I ka manawa i koho ai ke kiaʻāina ʻo Deza y Ulloa i ka ʻāpana o ka moku ʻo Junta de los Ríos ma ke ʻano he poʻo hoʻomalu o ka keʻena o ke kiaʻāina o Real de Minas de Santa Eulalia, ua nui ka heluna kanaka e like me ka nui o ka mineral ponoʻī a aia nō paha hoʻopuehu a puni ʻo Junta de los Ríos, akā ma San Francisco de Chihuahua ka nui. No laila, ua hoʻomaikaʻi wale ʻo Deza y Ulloa iā ia ma ka inoa ʻana i ke poʻo, e ʻae ana i kēia hoʻokumu me kona mana.
Manaʻo wau ua lilo kēia mau manaʻo i kumu no ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Víctor Mendoza e noi iā General Retana ma ke ʻano he hoʻokumu maoli o Chihuahua, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea nāna i koho mua i ke kaona ʻo Junta de los Ríos. A i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Alejandro Irigoyen Páez e hōʻike i ka mea like e pili ana iā Makua Alonso Briones, ʻoiai ʻo ia, i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka nuʻukia o Nombre de Dios, nāna i hoʻokumu i nā kumu a hoʻoulu i ka ulu mua o nā kumu o nā kaona maoli.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka poina paha i minamina loa ʻia, e like me kā ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Zacarías Márquez i kuhikuhi ai, no nā Indians Juan de Dios Barba a me Cristóbal Luján, ʻoiai ʻo lākou ka mea i loaʻa i nā minelala i hāpai i ke ola o Santa Eulalia a me Chihuahua. , ʻaʻole nō kekahi alanui e hoʻomanaʻo iā lākou. E pili ana iā lākou ke kuhina nui o Chihuahua, ʻo Don Antonio Gutiérrez de Noriega, haʻi iā mākou i ka makahiki 1753: "ʻO kēia mine (e pili ana i ko Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, i ʻike ʻia e Barba lāua ʻo Luján) ʻo ia ka mea mua i kani ai ka leo me kāna leo kālā. o ke kaulana, ka leo o kona nui i hiki aku i nā palena o ka honua; ʻoiai he ʻelua mau kānaka ʻilihune wale nā mea ʻike, ma hope ua ʻākoakoa nā kānaka like ʻole āpau e loaʻa nā metala i hōʻike ʻia e ka honua, i nā helu i hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia i ʻelua mau wahi, e like me lākou, i loko o kekahi mau mahina, a i kekahi mau makahiki ua lilo ia hoʻokahi kiʻekiʻe loa i kapa ʻia kēia kūlanakauhale ke kaona ʻo San Felipe el Real ”.
