ʻO kahi hale kiaʻi ma kahi mamao aku e huki ai i kā mākou nānā no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he hale pule. Ke hele nei mākou i Guanajuato ma ke alaloa ʻo San Luis Potosí-Dolores Hidalgo, ma ke ala ʻo San Felipe Torres Mochas, a me he mea lā ʻaʻole paʻa ka hale kiaʻi.
Koke, kahi hoʻolaha ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala e hōʻike ana i ke kokoke o ka mahiʻai Jaral de Berrio; lanakila ʻo ka hoihoi i loko o mākou a hele mākou i kahi ala lepo e ʻike ai i kēlā hale kiaʻi. I ka hōʻea ʻana, pūʻiwa mākou i kahi honua i manaʻo ʻole ʻia: ma mua o mākou e ʻike ʻia kahi kūkulu nui me kahi alo lōʻihi, ka hale ʻai, hale hale mahiʻai, hale pule, hale pule a me nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua he mea ʻokoʻa loa ka hoʻolālā ʻana mai ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai i kēia. ʻano hale. ʻO kēia kahi i hiki ai iā Jaral de Berrio, aia i ke kaona o San Felipe, Guanajuato.
He nani hala i hala
I kona hoʻomaka ʻana, ua noho ʻia kēia mau ʻāina e nā Indians Guachichil a i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā poʻe koloneina ua hoʻolilo lākou iā lākou i ʻāina mahi ʻai a i wahi mahiʻai no nā mahiʻai. ʻO ka moʻolelo mua o ke awāwa ʻo Jaral mai ka makahiki 1592, a ma ka makahiki 1613, ua hoʻomaka ka mea nona ka lua, ʻo Martín Ruiz de Zavala. Hele nā makahiki a kūleʻa nā mea nona kekahi i kekahi ma ke kūʻai ʻana a hoʻoilina paha. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ua kū aʻe ʻo Dámaso de Saldívar (1688), nona ka waiwai kahi o nā keʻena kikowaena o ka National Bank of Mexico i kū ai. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua kōkua kēia kāne me ke kālā i nā huakaʻi kūikawā akā weliweli i hana ʻia i kēlā manawa ma ka ʻākau o New Spain.
ʻO ka Berrio mua i hōʻea i kēia hacienda ʻo Andrés de Berrio, ka mea i kona wā i male ai iā Josefa Teresa de Saldivar ma 1694 i lilo nona.
Ua hana nui ka Jaral de Berrio hacienda i lilo ka poʻe nona ia mea i kekahi o nā kānaka waiwai loa o ko lākou manawa, i kahi mea i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou ka inoa hanohano o ka marquis. Pēlā ka hihia o Miguel de Berrio, ka mea i lilo i 1749 haciendas, ʻo Jaral ka mea nui o lākou a me kekahi mea e like me ke kapikala o kahi mokuʻāina "liʻiliʻi". Me ia i hoʻomaka ai ke kūʻai aku i nā huahana mahiʻai mai ka hacienda i nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, e like me Mexico.
Ua hala mau nā makahiki a ua hoʻomau ka bonanza no kēia wahi ʻo Juan Nepomuceno de Moncada y Berrio, ke kolu o Marquis o Jaral de Berrio, ʻo ia ke kanaka waiwai loa ma Mekiko i kona manawa a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻona ʻona nui loa o ka honua e like me kā Henry George Ward, kuhina Pelekane. i 1827. ʻ saidlelo ʻia he 99 keiki kēia marquis a hāʻawi kēlā me kēia kanaka i waiwai iā ia.
Ua hakakā ʻo Juan Nepomuceno i ke kaua kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ʻo ia e kolonela e ke kuhina nui ʻO Francisco Xavier Venegas, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i pūʻali koa o ka poʻe mahiʻai mai ka hacienda i kapa ʻia ʻo "Dragones de Moncada" a ʻo ia ka mea nona ka inoa hope i hānau i ka inoa Berrio, mai ia manawa he Moncada lākou a pau.
Ke hoʻohui nei kēlā me kēia ʻona i nā hale i ka hacienda, a pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo kēia mau mea hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻohālikelike ka mea i hoihoi hou aʻe. I kekahi mau hihia, na nā limahana ia, me kā lākou mālama kālā, i hana i kā lākou mea. ʻO kēia ka hihia me kekahi o nā mea kaua o ka hacienda, ma kāna hana ponoʻī, i hoʻomaka ai e kūkulu i ka hale pule i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no Our Lady of Mercy i 1816. Ma hope, ma ke ʻano he hoʻohui hoʻohui, ua kūkulu ʻo Don Juan Nepomuceno i hale pule kanu nona. a me kona ʻohana.
Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka hacienda i ka waiwai, ka kaulana a me ke koʻikoʻi, a me kāna mau magueyales huahana i hoʻolako i nā hale hana mezcal o La Soledad, Melchor, De Zavala a me Rancho de San Francisco, kahi me ka ʻenehana mua. akā maʻamau o ka manawa, lilo ka lau i ka rama i mahalo ʻia.
Ma waho o ka hana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o mezcal, he hana nui ʻē aʻe ko ka māla ʻo Jaral e like me ka hana ʻana i ka pauda, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ko lākou mau ʻāina nitrous a me nā wahi o ka mahiʻai ʻo San Bartolo. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Agustín Moncada, ke keiki a Juan Nepomuceno, "ʻelua mau keʻena a nā hale hana paha o koʻu makuakāne e hana ai i ka paʻakai, a nui pū ka ʻāina, ka wai, wahie, ka poʻe a me nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka pauda."
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka waiwai o ka mahiʻai, ua hala ke ala kaʻaahi i ka hapalua kilomika. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopōkole ʻia kēia laina e mālama i nā wahi ma waena o Mexico a me Nuevo Laredo.
Loaʻa nā anecdotes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi i ka Jaral hacienda. Wahi a kekahi o lākou ʻo Manu Tolsá, ka mea kākau o ke kiʻi Equestrian no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka Mōʻī Sepania ʻo Carlos IV ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "El Caballito", i lawe ʻia i kumu hoʻohālikelike no kahi lio mai kēia mahiʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo "El Tambor".
Ma hope o ke kaua kūʻokoʻa, ua lawe ʻo Francisco Javier Mina iā ia e ka ʻino a ʻaihue i ka waiwai i kanu ʻia i loko o ka lumi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lumi kuke. Aia nā loot i nā ʻeke gula he 140,000, nā kī kī kala, nā kālā mai ka hale kūʻai kukuna, nā bipi, nā puaʻa, nā hipa kāne, nā lio, nā moa, nā mea ʻono a me nā palaʻai.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka kahi kāne i kapa ʻia ʻo Laureano Miranda e hoʻolaulaha i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaona ʻo Jaral i ka mahele o ke kaona, kahi e kapa ʻia ai ka inoa ironina, ʻo Mina. Akā ʻaʻole i hua ka palapala noi, no ka mana a me ka mana o nā mea waiwai, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua kauoha ka Marquis ponoʻī e kipaku a puhi i nā hale o nā mea a pau i hāpai i kēlā inoa.
I kēia kenekulia, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana ka bonanza, ua kauoha ʻo Don Francisco Cayo de Moncada i ka nani loa o ka hacienda e kūkulu: ka hale neoclassical a i ʻole ka hale manor me nā kolamu ʻo Corinto, kāna caryatids, kāna aeto hoʻonaninani, kona kapa hanohano, nā hale kiaʻi a me ka balustrade ma luna.
Akā me ka Revolution ua hoʻomaka ka palaho o ia wahi ma muli o ke ahi a me nā haʻalele mua. Ma hope, i ke kipi ʻana o Cedillo o 1938, ua pōpilikia ʻia ka hale nui mai ka lewa mai, me ka ʻole o kekahi mea i make. a i ka hopena mai 1940 a 1950, ua hiolo ka hacienda a hoʻopau ʻia e luku ʻia, me Dona Margarita Raigosa y Moncada ka mea nona ka hope.
HE PERESE PENOUS
I ka hihia kahiko o ka hacienda he ʻekolu mau hale nui e ukali i ka laina mua o ka hale nui: ʻo ka mua ka hale o Don Francisco Cayo a ʻo ka mea hanohano loa, ʻo ia me ka uaki, ʻo ia me nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua. ʻO ka lua i kūkulu ʻia i ka pōhaku a me ka quarry laulā, me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻonaninani, me ka gazebo ma ka papahele ʻelua, a ʻo ke kolu i hoʻolālā ʻia me kahi ʻano hou. Aia lākou a pau ma nā papahele ʻelua a me ko lākou mau puka nui a me nā puka aniani alo i ka hikina.
ʻOiai nā kūlana kaumaha o kēia manawa, i kā mākou huakaʻi hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka hanohano kahiko o kēia hacienda. ʻO ka pā waena me kāna punawai ʻaʻole i like kona kala e like me kona ʻano i kona mau lā maikaʻi loa; ʻo nā ʻeheu ʻekolu a puni ka pā i loko o nā lumi he nui, ua haʻalele ʻia a pau, pilau nei me ka nūnū nūnū, me kā lākou mau kaola i wāwahi ʻia a me nā moʻo a me nā puka aniani me nā pale hāwaha Hōʻike hou ʻia kēia hanana i kēlā me kēia keena o nā lumi hacienda.
ʻO ka ʻēheu komohana o ka lānai waena like kahi alapiʻi lua lua nani kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana o nā mural e hoʻonani iā ia, a piʻi i ka papahele ʻelua kahi i uhi ʻia nā lumi ākea me nā mosaic Sepania, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā ʻahaʻaina nui a me nā ʻahaʻaina. ka hulahula ʻana i ke mele a nā mele hoʻokani kaulana. A ʻoi aku ka lumi ʻaina me nā koena o ka hale lole Farani a me nā kāhiko, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai nā mea ʻono he nui e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ke alo o kahi aliʻi, he ʻelele a i ʻole he bihopa.
Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ka hele wāwae a hele mākou i loko o kahi lumipaku e wāwahi iā ia iho me ka hina a me ke kaumaha o nā mea āpau i ʻike ʻia. Aia nō i kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa, kahi pena aila nui i kapa ʻia ʻo La Ninfa del Baño, pena ʻia i ka makahiki 1891 e N. González, ma muli o ke kala, ka hou a me ka hala ʻole e poina ai iā mākou i nā manawa i kēia manawa a mākou e noho nei. Eia nō naʻe, ka makani e ʻae ma waena o nā māwae a kumu i nā puka aniani e nihi i loko o kā mākou mau hoʻohanohano.
Ma hope o ka huakaʻi ua komo mākou i nā lumi he nui a nui, nā mea like ʻole ma ke ʻano kaumaha: nā lumi o lalo, nā patio, nā balconies, nā māla, nā puka e alakaʻi ʻole ai i nā paia, nā lua i ʻeli ʻia, nā lua eli, a me nā lāʻau maloʻo. a loaʻa koke iā mākou ke kala e pili ana i kahi lumi i kāliko ʻia no ka hale o kekahi: kahi pahu ʻaila, aniani kīwī, flamboyants, rose bushes a me nā peach, a me kahi ʻīlio i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia e ko mākou alo. Manaʻo mākou e noho ana ka luna ma laila, akā ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike iā ia.
Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kahi ʻīpuka ʻike mākou iā mākou ma hope o ka hacienda. Ma laila mākou e ʻike ai i nā pā paʻa ikaika, a iā mākou e hele ana i ke kūkulu ʻākau hele mākou i ka puka pā a hōʻea i ka hale hana i loaʻa kekahi o kāna mau mīkini i hana ʻia ma Piladelapia. Mezcal a i ʻole hale pauda hale hana? ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou a ʻaʻohe mea nāna e haʻi mai iā mākou. He ākea nā hale waiho ʻai akā hakahaka; haki ka makani a me ke kani ʻana o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka hāmau.
Ma hope o kahi hele lōʻihi hele mākou ma ka puka aniani a, me ka ʻike ʻole pehea, ʻike mākou ua hoʻi mākou i ka hale nui ma o kahi keʻena pouli loa i loko o kekahi kihi i kahi alapiʻi spiral maikaʻi a mālama pono ʻia. Piʻi mākou i ke alapiʻi a hiki i kahi lumi e pili ana i ka lumi ʻaina; a laila hoʻi mākou i ka lānai waena, e iho i nā alapiʻi pāpālua a hoʻomākaukau e haʻalele.
Ua hala kekahi mau hola, akā ʻaʻole mākou luhi. E hele i waho e nānā mākou i ka luna, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻē. Hāpai mākou i ka pā ma ka puka a hoʻi i kēia manawa, a ma hope o kahi hoʻomaha kūpono kūpono kipa mākou i ka hale pule, ka hale pule a me nā hale papaʻa. A no laila ke hoʻopau nei mākou i kā mākou hele wāwae no kekahi manawa i ka mōʻaukala, e hele ana i nā labyrinths o kahi mahiʻai i ʻokoʻa loa mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe; ʻo ia paha ka mea nui loa ma kolonex Mekiko.
HE KUMU E WAHI
Ke kamaʻilio pū nei me ka poʻe i ka hale lole a i ka hale pule ʻike mākou i nā mea he nui e pili ana iā Jaral de Berrio. Ma laila mākou i ʻike ai aia kekahi mau ʻohana 300 e noho nei i kēia manawa i ka ejido, o ko lākou hemahema o nā mea, ke kali lōʻihi no kahi lawelawe olakino a me ke kaʻaahi i haʻalele i ka huakaʻi ʻana i kēia mau ʻāina i nā makahiki i hala. Akā ʻo ka mea hoihoi loa ka mea a lākou i haʻi mai ai iā mākou e pili ana i kahi papahana e hana ai i kēia mahiʻai i wahi kikowaena mākaʻikaʻi me nā mea hou e pono ai akā e mahalo piha ana i kāna hoʻolālā. E loaʻa nā lumi hālāwai, nā loko, nā hale ʻaina, nā huakaʻi mōʻaukala, ka holo lio a me nā mea hou aku. Pono e hoʻopōmaikaʻi kēia papahana i nā kamaʻāina me nā manawa hana hou a me kahi loaʻa kālā keu, a ke holo ʻia nei e kahi ʻoihana ʻē e nānā ʻia e INAH.
Hoʻi mākou i ke kaʻa a i ko mākou hoʻi ʻana i ke ala ʻike mākou i ke kahua kaʻaahi uuku akā ʻelele, kahi, e hoʻomanaʻo ai no nā wā kahiko, kū kiʻekiʻe mau nō. Ke hele nei mākou i kahi hou, akā ʻo ke kiʻi o kēia wahi hoihoi loa me mākou no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
I loko o ka hale pule aia no ke kūʻai aku nei i kahi puke e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o kēia hacienda i kapa ʻia ʻo Jaral de Berrio y su Marquesado, na P. Ibarra Grande i hana hoihoi loa i kāna ʻike a kōkua iā mākou e kaha i kekahi mau kūmole i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala. .
Inā hele ʻoe i JARAL DE BERRIO
E hele mai ana mai San Luis Potosí, e hele i ke alaloa waena a hiki i Querétaro, a he mau kilomita i mua e huli pono i Villa de Reyes, a hōʻea i Jaral del Berrio, aia ma kahi o 20 mau mile mai aneʻi.
Inā hele ʻoe mai Guanajuato, e hele i ke ala nui i Dolores Hidalgo a laila i San Felipe, mai kahi o ka hacienda he 25 mau mile ka mamao.
Nā lawelawe hōkele, kelepona, penikala, mīkini, a pēlā aku. ʻike ʻo ia iā lākou ma San Felipe a i ʻole Villa de Reyes.
