Hoʻokomo ʻia me nā pua kala o nā pāluna, nā boleros luhi ʻole a me nā paukū e makemake ana e kū i waho, ʻo ka Alameda ka mea hoʻokipa i nā mea hele wāwae, nā keiki, nā ipo a me nā poʻe, no ka makemake e hana i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, noho i kahi pae.
ʻOiai pāpā ʻia ʻaʻole e hehi i ka mauʻu, ke kono aku nei ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo iā ʻoe e hoʻomaha a hōʻike piha i kāu Lāpule a me nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻomaha: ʻo ke kino i ʻauʻau ʻia, ka lauoho ʻaʻala a me ka lole mālamalama (ʻoiaʻiʻo he mea hou) makemake i ka leʻaleʻa i kahi kūlana papamoe, ma kahi e pili ana i kahi kiʻi. keʻokeʻo e ʻike makaʻu ʻole i kona ʻōlohelohe marbled, e honi ana i kahi manu nūnū e pili ana i ka umauma pōhaku Eia hou, hoʻomākaukau nā gladiator ʻelua no ka hakakā i ke ʻano kāohi i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Kahi manawa, i mua o lākou, holo kekahi kaikamahine, hoʻoluliluli i ka ʻalani o kahi "pulupulu" nui loa, a ma kahi mamao e lilo i wahi wahi hilahila, i confetti wikiwiki.
A i ka lā ʻāhaehue o ka lā 12 o ke awakea, ke mālama ʻia nā hana maʻamau o nā hopena pule maʻamau, me he mea lā ua like ka Alameda me kēia; me kēlā helehelena a me kēlā ola i hānau ʻia ai ʻo ia a make pū me lākou. ʻO kahi hanana kupaianaha wale nō, kahi kaulike ʻole e wāwahi i ka mele i hoʻokau ʻia: kahi ōlaʻi, ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi kiʻi kiʻi, kahi huakaʻi kūʻē, ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka pō i ka mea hele, e haʻohaʻo ai kekahi inā ʻaʻole i hala ka manawa ma Alameda.
Ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo moʻolelo ma o nā hoʻoholo, nā ʻaoʻao, nā leka, nā moʻolelo a ka poʻe huakaʻi, nā nūhou, nā kiʻi, nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā hopena o ka manawa i ke ola o kahi kaiāulu i hoʻololi i ka helehelena o ka Alameda. Ua hala kāna moʻomeheu kahiko i ke kenekulia 16, i ka lā 11 o Ianuali 1592, ua kauoha ʻo Luis de Velasco II i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi boulevard ma waho o ke kaona kahi e maopopo ai, he pono e kanu ʻia nā popla, a ʻo ka hope ua lilo i mau lāʻau lehu.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hele wāwae Mekiko mua, e ʻākoakoa ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe o ko Sepania hui kaiaulu i ka māla labyrinthine. I mea e hōʻino ʻole ai ka poʻe kāmaʻa wāwae wāwae i ke aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka poʻe waiwai, i ke kenekulia 18 ua kau ʻia ka pā ma kona alo holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ia nō hoʻi i ka hopena o kēlā kenekulia (i ka 1784) ke hoʻokele ʻia ke kaʻa o nā kaʻa i hala i kāna mau alanui i nā lā nui, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka helu kikoʻī o ka nui o nā kaʻa i ke kapena nui: ʻeono haneli kanakolukūmāhiku . Inā kānalua kekahi i kēlā kiʻi maoli, ua hoʻolaha nā luna i ka hilinaʻi i ka poʻe i loaʻa ai ka ʻike.
Me ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua lawe ka nohona hou a me ka moʻomeheu i ka Alameda: ʻo ka mua ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka holomua a me ka lua ma ke ʻano he kūlana hanohano, ʻelua mau kumu no ka hilinaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ʻimi ʻia e ke kaiāulu kūʻokoʻa hou. No kēia kumu, kanu pinepine ʻia nā kumulāʻau, hoʻonoho ʻia nā noho aliʻi, kūkulu ʻia nā hale ʻaina a me nā hale kalima, a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana.
Ua hoʻonui nā pūʻali koa i ka lewa o ka pā a ua ʻae nā umbrellas i ka maka a laila neʻe i kahi loot a i ʻole ka hainaka hāʻule, a piʻi hou mai ka piko o kahi kō. Ua hele aku ʻo Senor Regidor de Paseos me kāna keʻena kaona a loaʻa i ke kaulana no kāna hana hou ʻana a no kona manaʻo i pili i ka puna o nā punawai i nā punawai. Akā ua hōkū nā kūʻē i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻawaʻawa i ka wā i lawe ai ka moʻomeheu i ke ʻano o Venus, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ka lehulehu ʻo Porfirian haipule i ka nani akā ʻo ka nele o nā lole o kēlā wahine ʻōlohelohe i kahi pāka a me ka ʻike piha o nā mea āpau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēlā makahiki o 1890, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka moʻomeheu e lawe, ʻoiai inā he wahi liʻiliʻi ia o ka hele kaulana o ke kapikala.
ʻO ke Statuary
I ke kenekulia iwakālua, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ua loli ke ʻano e pili ana i kahi statuary recreates i ke kino o ke kanaka, i ke aʻo hou ʻia ʻana o nā kamaʻāina ma ʻō aku o ke kula a me ka home, i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ma ka home i mua o ke kīwī. ua wehe ʻia ka ʻike i ka nani o ka ʻōlelo a ka manaʻo o ka mea pena e hāʻawi ai i nā wahi a me nā ʻano kanaka. Hāʻawi nā kiʻi kālai kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia no nā makahiki i ka Alameda i kēia. ʻElua mau gladiator i kahi ʻano hakakā, hoʻokahi hapalua i uhi ʻia me ka ʻahuʻula e kau ana mai kona lima a ʻo kekahi i ka ʻōlohelohe ʻole, e kaʻana like i ke kumu lāʻau me kahi Venus me kahi ʻano lahilahi i loaʻa i kahi lole ke uhi i mua o kona kino, a ʻo ia haʻi hou ʻia e ke alo o nā nūnū ʻelua.
I kēia manawa, ma luna o nā pae haʻahaʻa ʻelua, ma ka lima o ka poʻe e hoʻopuni iā Avenida Juárez, e moe ana nā kiʻi o nā wahine ʻelua e hoʻomohala i ke kinikini me ke alo o ko lākou mau kino i lalo: hoʻokahi me kona mau wāwae i kūlou i loko o kahi poepoe a me nā lima e kū pololei i ka poʻo i hūnā ʻia i ke ʻano o ke kaumaha; ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, i ka haunaele ma muli o ke ʻano wiwo ʻole o ka hakakā ʻana i nā kaulahao i hoʻokau ʻia iā ia. ʻAʻole kahaha ko lākou kino i ka mea hele, ʻaʻole lākou i hauʻoli a i ʻole huhū i loko o nā makahiki he nui; maʻalahi, ua hoʻokuʻu ka nānā ʻole i kēia mau kiʻi i ka honua o nā mea me ke kuhikuhi ʻole a me ke ʻano: nā ʻāpana kinikini a ʻo ia nō ia. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i ka ākea, ua ʻeha lākou, ua nalowale nā manamana lima a me nā ihu; a uhi ka "graffiti" kolohe i nā kino o kēlā mau wahine ʻelua i kapa ʻia ʻo Désespoir lāua ʻo Malgré-Tout ma Palani, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka huli ʻana o ke kenekulia honua i hānau ʻia ai lāua.
Ua kauō ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka Venus i kona luku loa ʻia, no ka mea, i kekahi kakahiaka ua ala ʻo ia i luku ʻia me ka hahau ʻana o ka hāmare. He huhū huhū? ʻAʻohe mea i pane mai. ʻO nā kumu āpau, nā keʻokeʻo o nā Venus i keʻokeʻo i ka papahele o ka Alameda kahiko loa. A laila, hāmau, nalowale nā ʻāpana. Ua nalowale ke kino kupapaʻu no ka hope. ʻO ka wahine liʻiliʻi naif i kālai ʻia ma Roma e kahi mea kālai kiʻi aneane he keiki: ʻo Tomás Pérez, kahi haumāna o ka Academy of San Carlos, i hoʻouna ʻia i Roma i, e like me ka papahana o nā penihana, hoʻopiha iā ia iho ma ka Academy of San Lucas, ka mea ʻoi loa o ka honua, ka ke kikowaena o nā hana noʻeau a nā Kelemania, Lūkia, Denemaka, Kuekene, nā mea pena Paniolo i hiki ai a, no ke aha ʻaʻole, nā Mekiko i hoʻi e hoʻohanohano i ka lāhui Mekiko.
Ua kope ʻo Pérez i ka Venus mai ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻItalia ʻo Gani i ka makahiki 1854, a ma ke ʻano he laʻana o kāna mau holomua ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna Academy ma Mekiko. Ma hope, i hoʻokahi pō, make kāna hana ma ka lima o hope. Ua hele pū kekahi ʻuhane benign hou me nā kiʻi ʻehā i koe mai ka hele wāwae kahiko i ko lākou wahi hou, ka National Museum of Art. Mai ka 1984 ua ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o nā nūpepa ua manaʻo ka INBA e hemo i nā kiʻi ʻelima (aia nō ka Venus) mai ka Alameda e hoʻihoʻi hou iā lākou. Aia kekahi poʻe i kākau e noi ana i kā lākou hemo ʻana ʻaʻole ia ke kumu o nā pōpilikia nui, a ua hōʻino lākou i ko lākou hōʻino ʻana e ʻōlelo ana e hāʻawi aku ka DDF iā lākou iā INBA, ʻoiai mai ka makahiki 1983 ua hōʻike ka Institute i kona hoihoi i ka waiho ʻana iā lākou i nā lima o nā mea hoʻihoʻi ʻoihana. ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka makahiki 1986, ua hōʻoia ʻia kahi palapala i hoʻomalu ʻia mai nā makahiki 1985 mai ka National Center for the Conservation of Artistic Works o ka INBA e hoʻi hou ʻole ana i Alameda.
I kēia lā hiki iā lākou ke mahalo piha ʻia i ka National Museum of Art. Noho lākou i ka lumi moe, kahi wahi waena ma waena o ko lākou honua ma mua i ka lewa ākea a me nā lumi hōʻikeʻike o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike, a hauʻoli lākou i ka mālama mau e pale ai i ko lākou hōʻino. Hiki i ka mea kipa ke hoʻopuni mālie i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hana, me ka uku ʻole, a aʻo i kekahi mea e pili ana i kā mākou wā i hala. ʻO nā gladiator ola ʻelua, i hana ʻia e José María Labastida, hōʻike piha i ka ʻono kuʻuna a no laila i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka 19 kenekulia. I kēlā mau makahiki, i ka makahiki 1824, i ka wā i hana ai ʻo Labastida ma ka Mint Mekiko, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia e ke Aupuni Kānāwai i ka Academy kaulana o San Carlos e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana no nā hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu a hoʻi e hana i nā kia hoʻomanaʻo a me nā kiʻi. e pono ai ka lāhui hou, no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kāna mau hōʻailona a no ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana o kāna mau meʻe a me nā manawa hopena i ka mōʻaukala e hana ʻia. Ma waena o 1825 a me 1835, i kona wā i noho ai ma ʻEulopa, ua hoʻouna ʻo Labastida i kēia mau gladiator ʻelua i Mekiko, kahi e manaʻo ʻia ai he ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni i nā kāne e hakakā ana no ka pono o ka lāhui. Mālama ʻia nā mea hakakā ʻelua me kahi ʻōlelo mālie, me nā puke palupalu a me nā ʻili paheʻe, e ʻohiʻohi i kahi mana piha o kēlā me kēia nuances o ka musculature kāne.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hana hou nā kiʻi wahine ʻelua i ka ʻono o ke kaiāulu huli o ke kenekulia ʻo Porfirian i kau ka maka ma luna o Palani ma ke ʻano he poʻokela o ke ola o kēia ao, moʻomeheu a me ka honua. Hana hou lāua ʻelua i ka honua i nā waiwai aloha, ʻeha, kaumaha a me ka ʻeha. ʻO Jesús Contreras ke hāʻawi nei i ke ola iā Malgré-Tout ma kahi o 1898, a me Agustín Ocampo i ka wā e hana ana iā Désespoir i ka makahiki 1900, e hoʻohana i kahi ʻōlelo e kamaʻilio ai no ke kino wahine i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki ʻelua e nā ʻāpana kula kahiko - ma nā ʻāpana piʻipiʻi. Kūlike ʻole e kāhea i ka ʻike o ka manaʻo koke ma luna o ke aniani e hiki mai ana ma hope. Me ke kānalua ʻole, e ʻike ka mea kipa i ke kāhea like, mai hope o ke keʻena, i ka manawa e noʻonoʻo ana iā Aprés l’orgie na Fidencio Nava, kahi mea pena kiʻi fin-de-siècle i hana pū me ke ʻano ʻono like i ka wahine maʻule i kāna hana. ʻO kahi kiʻi maikaʻi loa, mahalo i ke komo ʻana o kāna Papa Kahu, ua lilo kēia makahiki i ʻāpana o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka National Museum of Art.
He kono e kipa aku i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike, kahi kono e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā hana no Mexico kēia mau nudes e noho i loko o ka hale a nona nā keleawe kolohe i waiho ʻia ma Alameda.
