Hiki i ka nīnau ke pane i kekahi mau pane, hoihoi nui i ka poʻe e hoʻolālā e hele mai e ʻike i kēia ʻāina hoihoi.
He aha nā mea ʻokoʻa a me ka megadiversity?
E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mea a mākou e manaʻo ai e ka mega-ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka mea kūpono loa e wehewehe mua i ka ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa. Wehewehe ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo o ka Royal Spanish Academy i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "Diversity" ma ke ʻano he "Variety, dissimilarity, ʻokoʻa" a ʻo "Abundance, kahi helu nui o nā mea like ʻole"
I kēia ala, ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa o kahi ʻāina, hiki ke kuhikuhi i kekahi ʻano o kāna kūlohelohe, nā kumuwaiwai kanaka, a i ʻole kāna moʻomeheu. A ʻo "mega-variety" ka mea maopopo he ʻano ʻokoʻa i kahi kekelē kiʻekiʻe a gigantic paha.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka manaʻo o ka like ʻole e kuhikuhi i nā mea ola, a i ʻole "biodiversity" a me ke kānalua ʻole ma kēia kahua ʻo Mexico kekahi o nā lāhui mua ma ka honua.
Aia ʻo Mekiko i 5 kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua i waena o nā ʻāina me ka helu nui loa o nā mea kanu, nā māmela, nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians, kahi 11th o nā manu.
Akā ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o Mekiko, ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia nā mahina ʻokoʻa kahi ʻokoʻa a nui loa hoʻi ka ʻāina, e like me nā wahi ʻāina, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kahakai lōʻihi ma nā moana nui ʻelua ma ka honua. , nā ululāʻau, nā mauna, nā lua pele, nā mauna hau, nā wao akua, nā kahawai, nā awāwa a me nā pāpū.
ʻO nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi e nui ai a like ʻole ka nui o Mekiko i nā aniau, nā hui lāhui, nā ʻōlelo, nā moʻomeheu, nā hōʻike folkloric a me nā gastronomy, e haʻi ai i kekahi o nā mea pili loa.
Mekikododiversity Mekiko
ʻO Mexico ka pae ʻelima o ka honua i nā mea kanu vascular (nā mea me nā aʻa, nā aʻa a me nā lau), me 23,424 mau ʻano inoa i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, i ʻoi wale ʻia e Brazil, Colombia, Kina a me Indonesia.
Me kona ʻano 866 o nā mea kolo, ʻo Mekiko ka lua o ka pae honua, kahi papa o nā holoholona i loaʻa ka meaola nui ma Australia, me 880 mau ʻano.
I nā māmela, ka papa "ʻoi loa" o nā mea ola e komo ai nā kānaka, ʻo Mexico he 564 mau ʻano, kahi kiʻi e alakaʻi i ka ʻāina i ka mekala keleawe planetary, kahi mahele kahi gula no Indonesia a me ke kālā no Brazil. .
I nā amphibians, ka ʻāina o ka toad ʻona a i ʻole Mexico e kanu ana i ka toad, he 376 mau ʻano, a he kūpono ia no ke kūlana ʻelima o ka honua. I kēia papa, ʻo 4 kiʻekiʻe ma ka papa inoa ʻo Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, a me Peru.
Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia megadiversity e nā kumu he nui, a ʻo prehistoric kekahi. Mālama ʻo Mexico i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o nā holoholona a me nā lau o nā ʻāina ʻelua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO Mexico kekahi o nā ʻāina megadiverse 3 me ʻAkelanika a me nā kapakai Pakipika; ʻo Colombia a me ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa ʻelua.
Aia kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o ka ʻāina ʻo Mekiko i ka Intertropical Zone, nona nā kūlana i kūpono i ka biodiversity.
ʻOiai, he mea nui ka nui o ka ʻāina, a ʻo Mekiko, me kahi kokoke ʻelua miliona mau kilomika kilomika, ke kū nei i ka 14 ma kahi.
Kahi kū hoʻokahi, waiwai a hoʻoweliweli mega-biodiversity
I loko o ka biodiversity Mexico he mau lāhui kupaianaha e hoʻonui i nā kaiaolaola o ka honua a lilo i nā mea hoihoi no ka mākaʻikaʻi gastronomic a me ka nānā kūlohelohe.
Me nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu ʻole (algae, mosses a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ma Mexico aia he 26,495 mau ʻano i hōʻike ʻia, e like me nā ferns, nā kumulāʻau, nā kumu lāʻau, nā mea kanu pua, nā pāma, nā mea kanu, nā mauʻu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kekahi mau kānaka Mekiko e ʻaiʻē nei i kahi o kā lākou mau mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi a me kā lākou hoʻokele waiwai i ko lākou ʻike ʻia me kekahi mea kanu a hua paha a me nā mea i loaʻa mai. ʻO ka Valle de Guadalupe me nā hua waina hanohano, ʻo Zacatlán me ka ʻāpala, ʻo Calvillo me ka guava, ʻo Uruapan me ka avocado, kekahi mau lāhui ʻōiwi me nā pulelehua hallucinogenic a me kekahi mau kaona me kā lākou mau pua pua.
Pēlā nō, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā holoholona he mea hoʻokipa hoihoi i nā panalāʻau Mexico. ʻO kahi laʻana, ka ʻike maka ʻana o ka butterfly mōʻī ma Michoacán, o nā koholā ma ka Penina ʻo Baja Kaleponi a me ka nānā ʻana i nā nalo, manu kuhukukū, liona kai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā wahi he nui.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai kūlohelohe he kuleana pū kekahi i ka honua. ʻO ka nui o kāu, ʻo ka nui o kāu pono e mālama a mālama.
Aia i waena o nā manu Mekiko ʻino e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei a i ʻole makaʻu paha i ka make ʻana, ʻo ia ka pōpō i kuʻi ʻia, ka moa moa, ka manu manu ʻo Tamaulipas, ka ʻaeto manuahi a me ka condor Kaleponi.
Aia i ka papa inoa o nā mea mamala nā holoholona makamae e like me ka jaguar, ka tigrillo, ka lāpaki lua pele, ka moʻo punawelewele a me ka ʻiole Chihuahua. Hiki ke hana i nā papa inoa like me nā amphibians, nā mea kolo, a me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka megadiversity lāhui
Aia he 62 mau lāhui ʻē aʻe ma Mekiko a ʻoi aku lākou he nui hou aku inā ʻaʻole i pio nā maʻi laha a me nā hōʻino ma muli o ka pio Sepania i kekahi o lākou.
ʻO nā lāhui i hiki ke ola i mālama i kā lākou ʻōlelo, nā kuʻuna, nā loina, ka hoʻonohonoho kaiāulu, nā mele, nā mele, nā hana, nā hana lima, nā gastronomy, nā lole a me nā hana maʻamau.
ʻO kekahi o nā ana i mālama ʻia ua aneane pili pono i kēlā mau kumu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hui a waiwai ʻia me ka moʻomeheu Hispanic a me nā hana moʻomeheu ma hope.
Ma waena o nā lāhui ʻōiwi nui nui i Mekiko i kēia mau lā ʻo ka Mayas, Purépechas, Rrámuris a me Tarahumara, Mixes, Huichols, Tzotziles a me Coras.
Ua noho kaʻawale kekahi o kēia mau lāhui a i ʻole hapa-kaʻawale, ke hoʻomohala nei i kahi hana ola ma ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana; hana kekahi i nā ʻohana, kūkulu i nā kauhale a me nā kauhale me nā hale noho, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mahiʻai a me ka mahiʻai; a ua hiki i ka poʻe holomua ke kūkulu i nā kūlanakauhale he ʻumi kaukani mau kamaʻāina, a he mea hoʻopūʻiwa i ka naʻi aupuni i ko lākou hōʻea ʻana mai.
Ma Mekiko aia ma mua o 15 miliona mau ʻōiwi e noho ma kahi o 20% o ka moku ʻāina.
Hoʻomau ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka hakakā e hoʻokō piha i ka mahalo ʻia mai ko lākou mau kamaʻāina ʻōiwi ʻole, ma hope o nā kenekulia o ka hoʻomaʻau ʻia e nā naʻi aupuni a me nā kaua a me nā kūlike ʻole me ko lākou mau kamaʻāina Mekiko.
ʻO kekahi o nā ana i ke ala kūpono e hoʻohui i nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā wahi a lākou e noho nei.
ʻO Mexico ka ʻāina ʻelua ma ka honua e hoʻohui i kāna mau lāhui hoʻokumu i ka pale a me ka hoʻokele o nā kaiaolaola lāhui.
ʻO ka linguistic mega-ʻokoʻa
Loaʻa ka mega-ʻokoʻa ʻōlelo Mekiko mai ka megadiversity lāhui. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka Paniolo e ʻōlelo ʻia ma Mekiko, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ma mua o 360 mau ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōlelo nui.
Aia ʻo Mekiko i waena o nā mokuʻāina he 10 me ka ʻokoʻa loa o ka ʻōlelo ma ka honua, a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia e ko lākou nohona lāhui waiwai, e like me Brazil, India, Indonesia, Australia, Nigeria a me ʻehā mau ʻāina ʻApelika.
E like me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka makahiki 2003 o ke Kānāwai Kānāwai o nā Kuleana ʻingulelo o nā lāhui ʻōiwi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻōlelo ʻōiwi ʻelua a me Paniolo hoʻi he "ʻōlelo aupuni", me ka like ʻana o ka mana ma nā panalāʻau ʻo Mexico.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka naʻi aupuni iā Castilianize i nā lāhui ʻōiwi e ka lou a i ʻole ke keke i kahi ʻaoʻao maikaʻi.
He nui nā mikionali a me nā akeakamai Sepania i koi aku iā lākou iho e aʻo i nā ʻōlelo ʻōiwi e hoʻomaopopo pono iā lākou iho me nā Indians. Ua puka mai nā puke wehewehe'ōlelo, nā grammar, a me nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe mai kēlā hana aʻo e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ʻ Indiannia.
No laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōlelo ʻōiwi Mekiko e like me Nahuatl, Mayan, Mixtec, Otomí a me Purépecha, no ka manawa mua i ka hua paʻi me nā huaʻōlelo Lākina.
Ma ka pae pae ʻāina, ʻae ʻae ʻole ʻia ʻelua mau ʻōlelo ma Mekiko: Sepania a me Nahuatl. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Nahuatl e 1.73 miliona mau kānaka, ʻo Yucatec Mayan e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 850,000, ʻo Mixtec a me Tzeltal ma mua o 500,000, a ʻo Zapotec a me Tzotzil ma kahi o 500,000.
ʻO ka megadiversity ʻāina
ʻO Mexico he 9330 km o nā kahakai kai ma nā moana ʻAkelanika a me ka Pākīpika, e like me kēia awawa i aneane he kai uka, ke Kaiwa o Kaleponi a i ʻole ke Kai o Cortez. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻia o kona kapakai, ʻo Mexico wale nō i ʻoi aku ma ʻAmelika e Kanada.
I kona 1.96 miliona mau kilomika kilomika o ka ʻinapuni honua, ʻo Mekiko kahi ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 tausani o nā ʻāina insular. No nā hui aupuni pekelala he 32, he 16 ko lākou mau mokupuni moana.
Ma mua o 2,100 mau mokupuni a me nā mokupuni ʻo Mekiko, ʻo Isla Tiburon ka nui, ma ke kahawai ʻo Kaleponi, me 1,200 kilomika kilomika. ʻO ka poʻe nui a ʻo nā mea e loaʻa ka nui o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Cozumel lāua ʻo Isla Mujeres, ma ka Caribbean Caribbean.
Ua koho ʻia aia ma mua o 250 tausani mau kilomika kilomika o nā ululāʻau, i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia ma mua o 40 tausani ma muli o ka ululāʻau ululāʻau, mahiʻai a me nā mining.
Eia nō naʻe, nui ka ululāʻau e waiho nei ma Mekiko, e like me ka Lacandon Jungle ma ka moku hema o Chiapas, he aneane hoʻokahi miliona heka, kahi home o kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o ka biodiversity a me nā waiwai wai.
I ke ana kiʻekiʻena, kiʻekiʻe a ʻano ʻokoʻa hoʻi ʻo Mekiko, me ʻekolu mau lua pele a i ʻole nā mauna i uhi ʻia i ka hau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,000 mika ma luna o ke kai, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Pico de Orizaba, a me kekahi 6 me ko lākou mau piko ma mua o 4,000 mau mika ma luna o ke kai, a me nā kuahiwi he nui loa.
ʻO nā wao nahele Mekiko nā ʻano kaiaola ʻē aʻe, ʻino, a ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka wao akua o ka ʻāina e alakaʻi ʻia e ka Wao akua Chihuahuan, kahi e puʻunaue ʻia me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma ka wao nahele Chihuahuan wale nō 350 mau ʻano cactus. ʻO kahi wao nahele Mekiko ʻē aʻe o Sonora.
I nā mea i luna aʻe pono mākou e hoʻohui i nā makana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā loko, nā mokupuni loko, nā muliwai, nā savannas a me nā wahi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopau ai i ka megadiversity palapala ʻāina Mekiko.
ʻO ka megadiversity climatic
I ka manawa like o kēlā me kēia lā, aia paha he mau Mexico e hoʻomoʻa i ka wela ma ka wao akua ʻākau, e leʻaleʻa ana i kahi aniau o ke kūlanakauhale ma ke kikowaena o Altiplano, a i ʻole ke haʻalulu nei i ke anuanu ma Monte Real a i ʻole nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi mauna hau.
I kēlā lā hoʻokahi, e hoʻokau nui nei kahi mākaʻikaʻi Mekiko a haole paha i ka leʻaleʻa ma luna o kahi SUV ma kahi kaapuni neoneo ma Baja Kaleponi, ʻoiai kahi ski ski mehana ma Coahuila a ʻo ka hapakolu aia i kahi ʻauʻau kai ma kekahi o nā kahakai mehana a paradisiacal o ka Riviera Maya a i ʻole ka Riviera Nayarit.
ʻO ka hoʻomaha a me nā moana kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka likelika o ke aniau ʻo Mekiko, me nā wahi kokoke, akā me nā kiʻekiʻe, me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa loa.
I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina, kahi e waiho ai nā wao akua nui, maloʻo loa ke aniau, wela i ke ao a ʻoluʻolu i ka pō.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kikowaena waena a me ka waena akau kahi maloʻo maloʻo, me ka awelika o nā mahana ma waena o 22 a me 26 ° C.
Ma nā kahakai kahakai o ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko a me ka Pākīpika, ʻo ka Yucatan Peninsula, ʻo ka Isthmus o Tehuantepec a me Chiapas, he maʻū a me kahi haʻahaʻa o ke kai.
ʻO ka megadiversity moʻomeheu
He nui nā wahi o ka moʻomeheu; mai ka mahiʻai i ka pena, ma o ka hulahula ʻana a me ka kuke ʻana; mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ma o ke mele a me ka archeology.
He ʻokoʻa a makika paha ʻo Mekiko i nā ʻano moʻomeheu o mua a he mea pau ʻole ia e kuhikuhi iā lākou āpau. E lawe ma ke ʻano he laʻana ʻelua, ka hulahula a me ka gastronomy, nā mea ʻelua no ka ʻoluʻolu, a no ka hoihoi i ka mākaʻikaʻi.
ʻO nā hula Mekiko a me nā hōʻike folkloric like ʻole i hele mai mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻomaka a hoʻonui ʻia paha ma o ka hoʻomeheu moʻomeheu ʻana me ko ʻEulopa a me nā moʻomeheu hope.
ʻO ka Rito de los Voladores de Papantla, ka hōʻike hulahula ʻano ʻumeʻume ka hapanui o nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e kipa aku nei iā Mekiko, ua loli iki mai ka wā ma mua o Columbian.
ʻO ka tapatío jarabe, ka hulahula ʻōiwi Mekiko kaulana loa ma waena o nā ʻāina, mai nā manawa o ka Revolution Revolution i kāna mana hou, akā he mau antecedents i ke au kolone.
Ma Chiapas, Los Parachicos, kahi hōʻike o ka wā viceregal me nā hoʻomanaʻo pre-Columbian, ʻo ia ka mea nui o La Fiesta Grande de Chiapa de Corzo.
ʻO ke Keiki Huasteco a me kāna Zapateado, hōʻailona o ka Huasteca Region, ʻoi aku ka wā hou, mai ka puka ʻana i ka kenekulia 19 me nā mana ʻōiwi, Sepania a me ʻApelika.
Pili ʻole kēia mau hulahula a pau i nā mele i hana ʻia me nā ʻano mele ma mua o ka Hispanic a me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai e ka Sepania a me nā moʻomeheu ma hope.
ʻO Mekiko ke poʻo o nā poʻe o ʻAmelika i ka hōʻike a me ka ʻokoʻa o kāna mau haʻi mele.
ʻO ka megadiversity gastronomic
ʻO wai ka mea aloha ʻole i kahi barbecue mutton style Mexico? ʻO ke ʻano o ke kuke ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, hoʻolauna iā ia i loko o ka lua o ka umu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lau maguey a hoʻomehana ʻia me nā pōhaku pele ʻulaʻula, e pili ana i nā manawa o nā ʻemepela Aztec ma mua o ke kolone. Ua ʻaihue nā kamaʻāina me nā dia a me nā manu; ua lawe ʻia mai ka hipa kāne e ka poʻe Paniolo.
Ma Yucatán, he poʻe paionia ka poʻe Maya ma ka hana ʻana i nā sausa, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka pepa habanero, kahi maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina. Ua hele aku kēia mau mea ʻono me nā ʻāpana pāʻani like ʻole, e like me ka ʻiʻo hihi, ka puaʻa hihiu, ka palaoa a me ka nalu, a me nā iʻa a me nā iʻa pūpū. Ua kali ka piko cochinita pibil i ka manawa e hoʻolauna ai ka Paniolo i ka puaʻa Iberia.
ʻO ka mole poblano, kahi hōʻailona gastronomic Mekiko ʻē aʻe, he mea Aztec i hana a ʻaʻole pono e kali no ka ʻiʻo i lawe ʻia mai, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana ua hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻono paʻakikī me ka pākeke a me ka kuhukukū kūloko.
Hiki i nā taco kaulana ke hoʻopihapiha i nā hoʻopihapiha, kahiko a i kēia mau lā paha, akā ʻo ka mea nui ʻo ia ka tortilla corn pre-Hispanic.
I nā ʻāina ʻākau o ka ʻākau, ua aʻo ka Rrámuris e ʻai i nā mea āpau a lākou i loaʻa ai mai ka nāhelehele, e like me nā ʻalalā, nā aʻa, nā ilo, a me nā ʻiole o ke kula.
ʻO nā mea hou loa a me nā kaona ka Kaisara Salad ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i hana ʻia ma Tijuana i nā 1920s a me ka hōʻailona ʻo Margarita Cocktail, kahi hana hou a Baja Kaleponi mai nā 1940s.
Me ke kanalua ʻole, hiki i ka megadiverse meaʻai kuke Mekiko ke hoʻohauʻoli nui i nā palahalaha a me nā mea e ʻimi nei i nā ʻike gastronomic.
He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻāina megadiverse ʻoi aku ma mua o Mexico!
