Hele wau i kahi i koho ʻia akā ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā fossil mai nā pōhaku e pili ana. Hoʻohui koʻu mau hoa i nā ʻāpana helelei, kahi hapalua i kanu ʻia a piha ʻole paha (ʻānō hiki iaʻu ke ʻike maopopo) i kahi ʻāpana vertebral.
Ma ka hele pū ʻana me nā lālā o ka Komikina Paleontology Mai ka SEP ma Coahuila, ua hoʻopīpī ʻia wau e nā mea ʻelua: ʻo ka mea mua he makapō wau no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā pōhaku waiwai ʻole ma waena o nā lechuguillas a me nā kiaʻāina; ʻo ka lua, no nā maka i hoʻomaʻamaʻa, waiwai nui ka ʻāina o Coahuila i nā wahi prehistoric o ke au Mesozoic, ka wā Cretaceous ma ke ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kamaʻilio ʻana 70 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
I kēlā manawa, ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻāina o nā puʻu ʻaʻā a me nā awāwa e hoʻopuni nei iā mākou i kēia lā ma Rincón Colorado, ka ejido o General Cepeda, aneane hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo ʻia. Ua hohola ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ma luna o kahi pā nui alluvial furrow e ka muliwai ikaika, i ka wā e hāʻawi ana i kona wai i kahi kai i uka, lala i loko o kahi labyrinth o nā canal a me nā kai kū kai. ʻO nā ferns nunui, nā magnolias a me nā pāma i noho aliʻi ma luna o nā mea kanu momona i hoʻomāhuahua ʻia e kahi aniau wela a me ka wela, me kahi lewa e like me ka momona me ka momona o ka carbon dioxide Hoʻolahalaha nā ʻano iʻa i loko o ka wai, e like me nā mollusc a me nā crustacean, a aia nā kuhukukū a me nā crocodiles. Ua hoʻomāhuahua nā mea kolo ma nā wahi āpau i ka wā e kū ai nā māmela mua i kahi pilikia ola, mai nā iwi ā o nā mea kolo nui a, ʻo ka mea nui, na kēlā poʻe ka mōʻī o ka hana ʻana i kēlā manawa. nā dinosaurs.
ʻOiai ʻo nā keiki - ʻoi aku paha lākou ma mua o kekahi - ʻike iā lākou. Akā mau kekahi mau clichés e pili ana i kēia mau "kolohe antediluvian reptile" naʻaupō.
HEAHA KA DINOSAUR?
Loaʻa mākou i ka huaʻōlelo i ʻO Richard Owen, ʻO ka Zoologist Pelekane o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mua e hoʻopaʻa i kāna mōʻī a hoʻoholo e bapetizo iā lākou i ka Helene.deinos ʻo ia hoʻi ka moʻo weliweli a me nā sauros, ʻoiai hoʻohana mau ʻia ka manaʻo o ka mea kolo. Paʻa ka huaʻōlelo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pololei. No laila, he nui nā dinosau liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā herbivores hoʻi, ʻaʻole weliweli loa, ʻoiai nā mea kolo nunui ʻē aʻe i kūpono ʻole no ka dinosaurs.
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻikepili e hoʻonui i ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia mau mea hou aʻe e hōʻoia i ka paleontologists o ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i kahi papa kaʻawale; ka Dinosaur, kahi e kāpae aku ai i nā mea kolo akā e komo pū nā manu, me lākou e kū nei i kahi like like.
E nānā mākou i ka hihia o nā mea mammal. Hele mai lākou mai kahi hui lōʻihi o nā mea kolo i kapa ʻia synapsids. Ma ke ʻano he loulou ola hoʻokahi e hui pū i ʻelua mau papa like ʻole, ua waiho ʻia mākou me ka platypus, kahi holoholona ʻano ʻē mai Oceania me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ʻelua: waiho ia i nā hua manu, hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻole i ka mahana o kona kino a lele me ka lāʻau make. Akā ulu ka lauoho a omo i kāna ʻōpio. Pēlā nō, ua iho mai nā dinosaur mai nā mea kolo, akā ʻaʻole naʻe. Kaʻana like lākou me lākou i kekahi mau ʻano e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua vertebrae i ka sacum, like i nā ʻaoʻao, ke kumukānāwai o ka iwi ā e nā iwi he nui, ka hana ʻana o nā hua manu amniotic (me ka nui o nā hua moa e hānai ai i ka embryo), uhi ʻia ke kino unahi a, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā poikilotherms: ko lākou hiki ʻole ke kaohi i ka mahana o ke kino; ʻo ia hoʻi, ua anu-koko lākou.
Eia naʻe, hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā ʻike hou i kēia ʻano kuʻuna. ʻIke mākou i kēia manawa ua uhi ʻia kekahi mau dinosaurs me nā hulu, he mea momona lākou, ʻoi aku ka naʻauao ma mua o ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia a ma mua o nā saurischians, nā mea me nā pūhaka reptilian, he nui i ʻike ʻia me nā pūhaka manu a i ʻole nā ornithischians. A i kēlā me kēia lā e noʻonoʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he hiki ʻole ke hiki ke anu. Alakaʻi kēia iā mākou i kahi kumumanaʻo hoihoi e pili ana i kona make ʻana, i hana ʻia ma hope o ka noho ʻana ma ka Honua o 165 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he 65 hou aʻe (kahi e hōʻailona ai i ka hopena o ke au Mesozoic a me ka hoʻomaka o ka Cenozoic). Wahi a kēia kumumanaʻo, ʻaʻole i nalowale loa nā ʻano dinosaur a pau; ua ola kekahi a lilo i manu.
KA HANA HOU O SAURIA
Ma kahi o nā pohihihi a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ua lawa kēia charisma o kēia mau holoholona prehistoric e hopu ai i ka nānā a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka poʻe e aʻo ana iā lākou. A ma Coahuila aia kekahi mau koena fossilized e ulu ana i ka nui loa.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau o kēia manawa i kū mai i ka wā Mesozoic i mua o ke kai Tethis, i ka wā o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāinapuniʻole i like me ka mea o kēia wā. No laila ka inoa inoa pōmaikaʻi o "nā kahakai Cretaceous", a ua hoʻolaha ʻia lākou e René Hernández, he kumu ʻepekema ma UNAM.
ʻO nā hana a kēia paleontologist a me kāna hui i ka Presa de San Antonio ejido, ke kaona ʻo Parras, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia e ka hui o ka dinosaur Mekiko mua: kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka genus ʻO Gryposaurus, kāhea mau ʻia "Nuku nuku" e ka protagonal iwi o kāna ʻaoʻao mua.
ʻO ka papahana i alualu i kēia hopena mai ka makahiki 1987. I ka makahiki aʻe a ma hope o 40 mau lā o ka hana ma ka semi-wao akua o Coahuila, e hoʻomaka ana mai kahi mea i loaʻa e ka mea mahiʻai ʻo Ramón López, ua ʻoluʻolu nā hopena. ʻEkolu mau tona me nā koena fossilized o nā mea kanu, nā ʻanoʻano, a me nā huaʻai, a me ʻelima mau hui o nā invertebrates moana, i huki ʻia mai ka ʻāina maloʻo. A - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke nalo - aneane 400 mau dinosaur iwi i pili i ka hui o Hadrosaurs ("nuku nū") a me nā moku kaua Nā Ankylosaurs.
I Iune 1992, pālua ʻia kā mākou "duckbill" me 3.5 m kiʻekiʻe a 7 lōʻihi i hōʻike ʻia i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Geology Institute o ka UNAM, Aia ma ke kaiāulu ʻo Santa María de la Ribera, ma ka Apana Pekelala. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua hāʻawi ka hui mua o nā keiki kula iā ia Isauria i ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka hoahānau o kekahi o lākou, ʻo Isaura kona inoa, nāna i ʻōlelo, ua like me ke kulu wai o kekahi.
"ʻO Isauria ka dinosaur makepono loa ma ka honua," wahi a René Hernández, ka luna o ka ʻaha. ʻO kāna mea hoʻopakele he 15 tausani pesos; a ʻo ka pane, me nā ʻano like e like me ke kumu kūʻai o 100 miliona mau kālā i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua puka mai ma aneʻi ma kahi o 40 tausani pisos. " ʻIke loa, ʻo ka hana a nā loea mai Launamy, nā haumāna i hana pū me Hernández, ua nui. Hoʻopakele iā 70% o ka iwi iwi, i hana ʻia me 218 iwi, pono e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Hoʻopau ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā sediment āpau me nā hāmare hammer a me nā mea kani. Ukali ʻia e ka paʻakikī ʻana o nā iwi i ka ʻauʻau ʻana iā lākou i kahi mea i kapa ʻia pupu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka acetone. Nā ʻāpana piha ʻole a nalo paha, e like me ka iwi poʻo o Isauria, kūkulu hou ʻia lākou i ka plasticine, plaster a i ʻole polyester me ka fiberglass. No kēia, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻāpana i ke kiʻi ʻana i kiʻi a i ʻole nā kiʻi o nā laʻana i ʻākoakoa ʻia i nā hale hōʻikeʻike ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hope loa, a mai ka hōʻike ʻole ʻia o ke kumu ma muli o ka nui o ke kaupaona a me ka makaʻu o nā ulia pōpilikia, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi kope pololei o ka iwi iwi holoʻokoʻa.
HE HUAKAI I KE AO NUI
Inā ʻo Isauria i kūkulu ʻia ma hope o ka moeʻuhane o 70 miliona mau makahiki, e like paha me mākou ka ʻike i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻaʻole ia wale nō.
I ka makahiki 1926, ua loaʻa i ka ʻepekema Kelemania kekahi mau iwi o ka dinosaur mua ma ka lepo Mekiko, a ma ka ʻāina ʻo Coahuila. Pili ia a ornistich mai ka hui o ceratops (me nā pepeiaohao ma ka maka). I ka 1980 ka Ke Kula Nui o Geology Ua hoʻomaka ʻo UNAM i kahi papahana noiʻi e ʻimi i nā koena o ka mamamalian ma ka mokuʻāina. ʻAʻohe hopena maikaʻi, akā ua loaʻa ka nui o nā mōʻī dinosaur i loaʻa i nā pā paleontology. ʻO ka papahana UNAM ʻelua ma 1987 i hui pū ʻia me ke kākoʻo o ka National Council of Science and Technology a me ke aupuni o Coahuila ma o ka SEP. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ke Komikina Paleontology e a aʻoaʻo ʻia e René Hernández i hoʻokumu ʻia i kime o ka poʻe loea nāna ka hana hui i hoʻopakele i kahi hoʻoilina kupaianaha o nā hiʻohiʻona mōʻalihaku na nā ʻohana. Hadrosauridae (Gryposaurus, Lambeosaurus), Ceratopidae (Chasmosaurus, Centrosaurus), Tyranosauridae (Albertosaurus) a me Dromeosauridae (Dromeosaurus), a me nā iʻa, nā mea kolo, nā kahakai kahakai a me nā mea kanu e hāʻawi i ka ʻike nui e pili ana i ka nohona Cretaceous. No laila loaʻa iā lākou ke kōkua o ka ʻO Dinamation International Society, kahi hui waiwai ʻole no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o paleontology-me kahi makemake no dinosaurs-, hoihoi loa i ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka holomua o Mekiko i ka māla.
I kēia manawa ka Komikina Paleontology Hoʻonohonoho ia i kāna mau hana ma nā wahi e pili ana iā Rincón Colorado, kahi a lākou i ʻike ai ma mua o 80 mau pūnaewele me nā fossil, ka hapa nui o ka Cerro de la Virgen, a kapa hou ʻia ka inoa ʻo Cerro de los Dinosaurios. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻākoakoa nui nā hana e pono ai.
Ma ke ʻano he hana mua, hoʻokō lākou i kahi prospecting e hoʻoholo i nā waihona. I kekahi manawa loaʻa iā lākou kahi leka hoʻomaopopo mai ka ejidatarios a i ʻole nā ʻimi ʻimi ʻoliʻoli, ke ʻole ia mai kahi ʻoihana e alakaʻi i kahi noiʻi a kūleʻa hewa ʻole hoʻi i nā fossil. Akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hele ʻana i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā palapala ʻāina a ʻike mai ka sedimentation i ke ʻano o nā koena e loaʻa a pehea e mālama ai iā lākou.
He hana nui ka hoʻopakele ʻana a i ʻole ka hana quarry; hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka wahi, transplanting flora a me nā pōhaku e neʻe ana. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻana, ua pahu ʻia ka wahi e nā mika kūlike. No laila, hiki ke kiʻi a kahakiʻi i kahi o kēlā me kēia mōʻalihaku, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻike he nui. ʻO nā Annotations me kāna helu, nā ʻano kālaihonua o ia wahi a me ke kanaka nāna ia i hoʻopakele e like me kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
Hōʻike nā ʻūlū ma Rincón Colorado i ke kaʻina hana. Ma kahi kokoke i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ia wahi, loaʻa iā lākou ke kipa o nā keiki kula a me nā mākaʻikaʻi e makemake e komo i ka honua o ka Cretaceous. A no ka poʻe e kaʻana like i ka leʻaleʻa, aia he nūhou maikaʻi: i ka hopena o 1999 ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Desert ma Saltillo me kahi pavilion i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka paleontology. Nui a hoihoi ia, no ka mea, ʻo nā kapakai dinosaur hou i ʻike ʻia he mea hou aku ia o nā mea pūʻiwa a Coahuila i mālama ai no mākou.
HE MAU LOA DINOSAUR FOSSIL MA NA AUPUNI EKAHI?
ʻOiai ʻo Coahuila i kēia lā ka mana nui loa, a ʻo nā iwi e puka aʻe ana ma ka honua he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ia mai ka sedimentation i ʻae ai i kahi fossilization paʻa paʻa, aia kekahi mau mea hoihoi i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Mexico. Ma loko o ka manawa Cretaceous, loaʻa iā Baja Kaleponi nā waihona waiwai nui a puni ka Pakipika ʻAmelika Hema. I El Rosario, nā ʻaoʻao no nā hui o Hadrosaurs, Ceratopids, Ankylosaurs, Tyranosaurs a me Dromaeosaurids. Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻili a me nā ʻāpana hua manu, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena o kahi theropod i hāpai i kahi ʻano hou a me nā laha.Labocania anomaly. Ua loaʻa nā ʻike like like ma Sonora, Chihuahua a me Nuevo León. Eia kekahi mai Cretaceous nā ala dinosaur ma Michoacán, Puebla, Oaxaca a me Guerrero.
Aia ke kūlanakauhale waiwai loa o ka wā Jurassic ma ke kahawai ʻo Huizachal, ʻo Tamaulipas. I ka makahiki 1982 ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Kauka James M. Clark i ka inoa o Bocatherium mexicanuma kahi ʻano hou a me nā laha o ka proto-mammal.
No laila, ʻaʻole ia he dinosaur, e like me ka lele ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea kolo, nā sphenodons a me nā māmela i ʻike ʻia.
Hoʻokaʻawale loa nā koena o nā dinosaurs iā lākou iho, nā carnosaur a me nā ornithopods. Kū like ka mea like me nā fossil Chiapas, i hana ʻia ma 100 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka hope loa, ma San Felipe Ameyaltepec, Puebla, ua loaʻa nā iwi iwi nunui i kēia manawa no ke ʻano o kekahi ʻano sauropod.
