30,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei kahi hui kanaka i hana ʻia ma kahi o kanakolu a ʻoi paha ka poʻe i ʻauana i loko o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo El Cedral, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo San Luis Potosí ...
Ke ʻimi mālie nei nā lālā o ka hui i kā lākou meaʻai, ua ʻike lākou ma kahi kokoke i kahi punawai e ʻākoakoa nā holoholona e inu. I kekahi manawa alualu lākou iā lākou, akā hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ke koena i waiho ʻia e nā mea kino holoholona, a i ʻole nā holoholona i luku ʻia, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻoki wale ʻana i nā kupapaʻu.
I ko lākou kahaha a me ka hauʻoli ua ʻike lākou i kēia manawa ua hei ʻia kahi mammoth ma ke kahakai lepo. ʻAʻohe ola iki ka holoholona nui, ka hoʻāʻo e puka i waho o ka lepo a me nā lā i ʻai ʻole ʻia e kau ai ma ka lihi o ka make. ʻO ka hana kupaianaha, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka felines i ka holoholona, no laila ke hoʻomākaukau nei kēia hui o nā kamaʻāina mua o kēia wā ʻo Mexico e hoʻohana i ka proboscide e make ana i kahi pāʻina nui.
Ma hope o ke kali ʻana i kekahi mau hola no ka make ʻana o ka mastodon, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomākaukau e hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai āpau a ka pachyderm e hāʻawi ai. Hoʻohana lākou i kekahi mau ʻiliʻili nui, i hoʻokala ʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā flakes ʻelua, e hana i kahi ʻoiʻoi, a ʻoi loa a lākou e ʻoki ai. He hana kēia e pili ana i nā lālā o ka hui, ʻoiai he mea pono e ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻili mānoanoa ma nā wahi kikoʻī, i hiki ai ke hemo iā ia ma ka huki ikaika ʻana iā ia: ʻo ka pahuhopu ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻili nui e hana i nā lole.
Hana ʻia ka ʻili ma kahi o kahi i hemo ai, ma kahi pālahalaha. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka ʻāpana kūloko me kahi mea hana pōhaku pōʻai, like me ka pūpū o kahi honu, e hemo ai ka uhi momona mai ka ʻili; A laila, hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai a hoʻomoʻo ʻia i ka lā, ʻoiai kekahi mau lālā o ka hui e hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻiʻo a hoʻomoʻi i ka paʻakai iā lākou. puhi ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana, e lawe ʻia i wahī ʻia i nā lau hou.
Hoʻoiho kekahi mau kāne i nā ʻāpana o ka holoholona e pono ai no lākou e hana i nā pono hana: nā iwi lōʻihi, nā ʻāʻī a me nā ʻami. Hāpai nā wahine i nā iwi o ka tarsus, nona ka cubic form e ʻae iā lākou e hana i ahi e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ai ka ʻiʻo a me kekahi mea o loko.
ʻO ka nūhou o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mammoth e hele koke i ke awāwa, mahalo i ka leka hoʻomaopopo o kekahi o nā ʻōpio o ka hui, nāna i haʻi aku i nā ʻohana o kahi pāʻina ʻē aʻe nona ka palena ʻāina. ʻO kēia kahi hōʻea ʻana o kahi mea ʻē aʻe ma kahi o kanalima mau kānaka: kāne, wahine, keiki, ʻōpio, ʻelemakule, ʻelemakule, makemake lākou āpau e kaʻana like a hoʻololi i nā mea i ka wā o ka pāʻina kaiāulu. Ma kahi o ke ahi e ʻākoakoa ai lākou e hoʻolohe i nā moʻolelo kaʻao, ʻoiai lākou e ʻai. A laila hulahula lākou me ka hauʻoli a ʻakaʻaka, he hanana pinepine ʻole kēlā. E hoʻi ana nā hanauna e hiki mai ana i ka pūnāwai, no nā makahiki 21,000, 15,000, 8,000, 5,000 a me 3,000 ma mua o kēia manawa, ʻoiai nā moʻolelo o nā kūpuna e pili ana i nā ʻahaʻaina nui o ka ʻiʻo a puni ke ahi e hoʻonanea ai kēia wahi.
I kēia au, i ho'ākāka ʻia e nā archeologists ma ke ʻano he Archeolithic (30,000 a 14,000 mau makahiki ma mua o kēia manawa), nui ka meaʻai; ʻO nā kau nui o nā dia, nā lio a me nā puaʻa hihiu i ka neʻe mau ʻana i nā kau, e ʻae ana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, luhi a i ʻole nā maʻi e ʻimi ʻia me ka maʻalahi. Hoʻopiha nā hui kanaka i kā lākou papaʻai me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea ulu hihiu, nā ʻanoʻano, nā tubers a me nā huaʻai. ʻAʻole lākou hopohopo i ka kaohi ʻana i ka nui o nā hānau, ʻoiai ke hoʻoweliweli ka nui o ka lehulehu e kaohi i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, ʻo kekahi o ka muli loa e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hui hou, e hele ana i kahi ʻāina i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka manawa ʻike ka hui e pili ana iā lākou, e like me kekahi mau leʻaleʻa hoʻi lākou e kipa iā ia, e lawe ana i nā mea hou a ʻano ʻē, e like me nā ʻiʻo kai, nā ʻulaʻula a me nā pōhaku e hana i nā mea hana.
Kūlike ka nohona kaiaulu a me ka egalitary, hoʻonā ʻia nā hakakā ma o ka fission ʻana i ka pā a ʻimi i nā ʻaoʻao hou; Hana kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka hana i maʻalahi no lākou a hoʻohana ia e kōkua i ka hui, ʻike lākou ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola hoʻokahi.
Ma kahi o 15,000 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o kēia noho ʻana, a hiki i ka pōʻaiapuni o ke anapuni i hiki ai i nā holoholona o nā megabeast ke hānai i loko o ka moku āpau. Liʻiliʻi iki ka megafauna e luku ʻia. Hoʻopili kēia i nā hui e hōʻano hou i kā lākou ʻenehana e pane i ka luku ʻia o nā holoholona i lawelawe iā lākou ma ke ʻano he meaʻai, e loli ana i kā lākou kaʻina scavenging no ka ʻimi holoholona ikaika ʻana. ʻO Millennia o ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni o kēia ʻāina ākea e ʻae ai nā hui kanaka e ʻike i nā ʻano pōhaku he nui. ʻIke lākou he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi ma mua o kekahi e hana i kahi papahana. ʻO kekahi o lākou he lahilahi a lōʻihi, a ua hana ʻia kahi uka waena e uhi ana i kahi hapa nui o kekahi o ko lākou alo, kahi hana hana i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka moʻomeheu Folsom. Ua ʻae ke kuʻi iā lākou e hoʻopaʻa lima ʻia me nā olonā a i ʻole nā olonā i loko o nā koʻokoʻo lāʻau nui, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā ihe.
ʻO kekahi kumuhana papahana e hana kuʻuna nei ka Clovis; ʻOi aku ka hāiki o kēia mea hana, me kahi kumu ākea a me ka concave, kahi i hana ʻia ai kahi uka a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ʻāpana. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, me nā resins mea kanu, e hoʻohana ʻia i mau pana me nā propellants lāʻau.
ʻIke mākou i kēia mea hoʻoheheʻe, i mau makahiki ma hope e kapa ʻia ʻo atlatl, ua hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka pana o ka pua, a he mea ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pāʻani i ka alualu keʻa. Ua hāʻawi like ʻia ia ʻike e nā hui like ʻole ma ka ʻākau, waena a me ka hema o Mekiko, akā e haʻalele kēlā me kēia o lākou i kā lākou kaila e like me ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka piko. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona hope loa, ʻoi aku ka hana ma mua o ka lāhui, hoʻololi i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana i nā ʻano o ka maka o ka ʻāina.
Ma ka ʻĀkau o Mekiko, i kēia wā, i ʻike ʻia e nā archaeologists ma ke ʻano ʻo Lower Cenolithic (14,000 a hiki i 9,000 mau makahiki ma mua o kēia manawa), ua kapu ka loina o nā kiko Folsom iā Chihuahua, Coahuila a me San Luis Potosí; ʻoiai ʻo ka moʻomeheu o nā kiko Clovis e puʻunaue ʻia e Baja Kaleponi, Sonora, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Durango, Jalisco a me Querétaro.
Maliʻa paha ʻo ka hui holoʻokoʻa, nā kāne a me nā wahine o nā makahiki āpau, i komo i ka wā o nā pahu hopu holoholona e hoʻonui ai i nā hopena. I ka hopena o kēia wā, ua hoʻopau nui ʻia ka piʻipiʻi Pleistocene e ka loli a me ka ʻimi loa ʻana.
I ka manawa aʻe, ʻo ka Cenolithic Luna (9,000 a i 7,000 mau makahiki ma mua o kēia manawa), ua loli ke ʻano o nā pihi papahana. I kēia manawa ua liʻiliʻi lākou a ʻike ʻia e ka peduncle a me nā fin. ʻO kēia no ka mea heʻuʻuku ka pāʻani a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, no laila he manawa nui a me ka hana i hoʻopukapuka ʻia i kēia hana.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ka māka ʻana o ka hana ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Noho ka mea hope loa i kahi kahua hoʻomoana, kahi e ʻohiʻohi ai lākou i nā meaʻai mea kanu, e like me nā ʻanoʻano a me nā kūpeʻe, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana me ka wili ʻana a me ke kuke ʻana iā lākou e ʻai ai. Ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻāina āpau i kēia manawa, a hana ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana o crustacea a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma kahakai a me nā kahawai.
Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma loko o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā hui, pono e hana i nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia kilomika kilomika; I ka pane ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻimi ʻimi holoholona ʻākau o ka ʻākau i ko lākou ʻike kupuna e pili ana i nā pōʻai hānau o nā mea kanu a lākou e ʻohi ai a hoʻomaka e kanu i nā bule, ka pala, ka pī a me ka kulina ma nā pali o nā malu a me nā ana, e like me nā Valenzuela a me ʻO La Perra, ma Tamaulipas, nā wahi kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i ka hamo a me nā ʻōpala.
E mahiʻai kekahi ma kapa o nā wai puna, nā kahawai, a me nā loko. I ka manawa like, i mea e hoʻopau ai i nā ʻanoʻano kulina, pono lākou e hana i nā mea wili me kahi papa hana ʻoi aku ka nui, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wā o ka wā i hala, ʻo ia ka huikau o ka wili ʻana a me nā mea hoʻomeamea e ʻae ai i nā pūpū paʻakikī e wehe a wāwahi ʻia. na anoano a me na mea ulu. Ma muli o kēia ʻano ʻenehana, ua kapa ʻia kēia wā ʻo Protoneolithic (7,000 a 4,500 mau makahiki ma mua o kēia manawa), nona ka hāʻawi ʻenehana nui i ka noi ʻana i ka poli ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā puna a me nā metates a, i kekahi mau mea, nā mea hoʻonaninani.
Ua ʻike mākou i ke ʻano, ke alo ʻana i nā hanana kūlohelohe, e like me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona, kahi mea ʻole kaohi, nā pane mua o ka ʻākau o Mekiko me ka hana mau o ka ʻenehana. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka a ʻaʻole paʻa nā wai nui, koho lākou e hoʻomaka i ka mahiʻai, e kū i ke kaomi o ka lehulehu i nā kumuwaiwai.
Alakaʻi kēia i nā hui e hoʻopukapuka i kahi nui o ka hana a me ka manawa i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Noho lākou i mau kenekulia ma nā kauhale a me nā kikowaena o ke kaona. Minamina, ʻo ka noho pū ʻana i loko o nā conglomerates kanaka nui e alakaʻi aku ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka hana ʻino; i ka hoʻonui o ka hana; i nā ulia pōʻaiapuni o ka hana mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēia kaʻina hana, a i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā papa kaiapili. I kēia lā ke nānā nostalgically mākou iā Edena nalowale kahi i maʻalahi a me ke kuʻikahi o ke ola i ke kaiāulu, ʻoiai he mea nui kēlā me kēia lālā o ka hui ʻāhiu holoholona no ke ola.
