ʻO ka ʻO ka awelika makahiki he 80 mau cyclones tropical, me nā makani pae haʻahaʻa i kū mau ma mua o 60 km / h, e pili ana i 66% o lākou i hōʻea i ka ikaika i ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola.
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻōnaehana ʻōwili ʻē aʻe i kū mai i ka lewa, loaʻa i nā cyclones tropical mehana kumu waena hoʻomohala ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao waena, kahi lālā kūpono no kona hoʻokumu a mālama ʻana.
He mea kōkua nui loa nā Satellites e huli i kēia mau ʻino a hāhai i kā lākou ala hele. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hāʻawi lākou i nā kuhi maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka cyclone. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā pūnaewele ʻike ākea mai nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole me ka ʻike mai nā moku, nā mokulele reconnaissance, nā kahua mokupuni, nā kani lewa a me nā radar.
Mahalo i kēia ʻikepili, hiki ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi ākea kūpono o ka lehulehu o nā pilina pili kino e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o nā cyclones tropical, kā lākou hanana ʻano kū hoʻokahi i kā lākou loli i ka hanana. Eia hou, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hōʻeuʻeu a me nā helu helu e wānana i kāna hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka wā pōkole.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā cyclones i ke kai ma ka manawa he nui nā wai mehana o ke kai ma mua o 26 ° C a me kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka makani e pā mai ana ma ka ʻākau a me ka hema o ka hemispheres (nā makani kalepa) e hoʻopili kokoke i ka Equator, e hana ana i nā kikowaena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Kahe ka makani ma nā wahi e pili ana i ke kaomi haʻahaʻa a laila hoʻonui i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ea wela a me ka ea e hoʻokuʻu i ka mahu wai.
ʻO ka wela latent i loaʻa i ka condensation o ka mahu wai ke ʻano nui o ka ikehu. I ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka neʻe i luna o ka ea e hele pū me ka komo i nā pae haʻahaʻa a me ka puka kūpono i nā pae kiʻekiʻe. Ma lalo o ka mana o ka ikaika o ka Honua, hoʻololi ke ea, kaʻapuni, a hoʻomaka e neʻe i kahi ʻano pōʻai.
Māhele ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka cyclone tropical i ʻehā mau pae:
Nā ʻano kaumaha kaumaha Tropical. Hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ka makani ma ka ʻilikai me ka wikiwiki nui (awelika no kēlā me kēia minuke) o 62 km / h a ʻoi iki paha, hoʻomaka ke ao e hoʻonohonoho, a hāʻule ke kaomi ma kahi o 1 000 mau ʻāpana (hectopascals).
Hoʻoulu ke kaumaha kaumaha. Loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o kahi ʻino tropical tropical, mai ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka makani e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki ma waena o 63 a me 118 km / h. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā ao i ke ʻano ʻoniʻoni a hoʻomaka ka maka liʻiliʻi e hana, ʻaneʻane puni mau. Hoʻemi ʻia ke kaomi ma lalo o 1 000 hpa. I kēia mahele ua koho ʻia kahi inoa e like me ka papa inoa o ka Ka Hui Meteorological World.
Hoʻoikaika ka makani ʻino. Loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o kahi makani pāhili, ʻoiai ka piʻi ʻana o ka makani ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki o 119 km / h a ʻoi paha. Hoʻonui ka ʻāpua i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna palena palena palena waena ma waena o 500 a me 900 km i ke anawaena, e hua ana i ka ua nui. ʻO ka maka o ka makani pāhili nona ke anawaena e ʻokoʻa ana ma waena o 24 a 40 km he ʻāpana manu ʻole o ka mālie.
I kēia pae o ke oʻo, ua kau ʻia ka cyclone me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pālākiō Saffir-Simpson.
Kū nā makani ʻino ikaika loa ma nā pae haʻahaʻa, kahi e hoʻonui ai me ka mana o ke kaʻina o ʻelua i ka wikiwiki o ka makani a no kēia kumu hiki iā lākou ke luku loa, kahi e launa ai me ka ʻili kahi kumu ikaika e hoʻopau ʻia e ka friction.
I ke ʻano o nā makani ʻino nui e pono ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka holo o loko, i luna a i waho o ka dissipation ma muli o ka friction, a inā aia lākou i kā lākou nāwaliwali, pono ka liʻiliʻi o kēia kahe transversal ma mua o ka ʻōlelo. lako.
Ma ka palena o luna, hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka makani pāholo e ka mahana o ke kai kahi e hana ai a neʻe: ʻo ka mehana o ka ea i ka palena palena ma luna ona, ʻo ka nui o ka wahi o ka paia o ka maka ke mālama. kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hoʻokūpaʻa e kū i nā pae kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka mahana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike iki i ka lauwili ma nā wahi tropical, hōʻike ke ana wela o ka moana i nā ʻano ikaika. ʻO kēia ke kumu no ke ʻano o ka mahana o ka ʻili kai kahi palena nui i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi a me ka nui o ka ikaika e hiki ai i kahi cyclone tropical.
No laila, ʻaʻole kū a ʻū a mau ʻole ka makani ʻino ke ʻole lākou e kau ʻia ma nā moana kai wela i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mahana o ke kai ma mua o 26 ° C, ʻaʻole hoʻi e noho a noho paha ma ka ʻāina e like me ka hihia o extratropical haʻahaʻa puʻe a me nā puahiohio.
Hoʻolaha. Mālama ʻia kēia eddy nui a hānai ʻia e ka moana mehana a hiki i kona komo ʻana i loko o ka wai anuanu a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāina nui, e lilo wikiwiki ana kona ikehu a hoʻomaka e heheʻe ma muli o ke kūpikipiki ʻana o kāna neʻe ʻana i ka honua, hoʻomaka nā ʻōpua e hoʻopau.
Nā ʻGlelo Kahi e hele pinepine ai lākou
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "hurricane" Loaʻa kona kumu i ka inoa a ka poʻe Inday Maya a me nā Caribbean i hāʻawi aku ai i ke akua o nā ʻino. Akā ʻike ʻia kēia hanana meteorological like ma ka Inia me ka manawa ʻinoʻino; i ka Āina Pilipino Kāhea ʻia baguio; ma pacific komohana ʻākau ua kāhea ʻia makani pāhulu; a i loko ʻO Australia, Willy-Willy.
Aia he ʻeono mau ʻāina i ka honua kahi e hiki ai ke nānā aku i ka makani pāhili: i ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau, ʻAkelanika, Pākīpika ʻĀkau Akau, Pākīpika ʻĀkau komohana, a ʻĀkau ʻĀkau. Ma ka Hemisphere Hema, ka hema o India a me ʻAukekulia a me ka Pākīpika Hema.
KANAKA CYCLONE MA MEXICO
I ka hihia o Moana ʻAkelanika, ke kīʻaha o Caribbean a me ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko, ka helu makahiki o nā cyclones tropical ʻeiwa ma ka awelika no ka manawa mai 1958 a 1996, me nā huina mai ka 4 a hiki i ka 19. Hoʻomaopopo loa ka hoʻololi kau. e hoʻomaka ana i Iune a pau i Nowemapa; ʻo Kepakemapa ka mahina hana nui loa.
ʻO nā cyclones i kapa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika i awelika 16 no ka manawa 1968 a 1996; ka hoʻololi kau o ka wā me ka nui o 25 a me ka palena iki o 6. Hoʻomaka ka wā ma Mei 15 a pau ma Nowemapa 30, ʻo ka mahina ʻoi loa ʻo ʻAukake.
I kēia mau wahi kai ʻehā aia ʻehā mau nuances o ka hanauna cyclone:
Ka mua Aia ia ma ke Kai Kūʻono o Tehuantepec a hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka pule hope o Mei. ʻO nā Hurricanes e kū nei i kēia manawa no ka hele komohana a mamao aku mai Mekiko; nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia mai Iulai a hala, e wehewehe i ka nane i kūlike i ka kapakai Pākīpika a komo i kekahi manawa i ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua Aia i ka ʻāpana Kahawai hema o Mekiko, i ka mea i kapa ʻia "Sonda de Campeche". Hōʻike ʻia nā makani ʻino i hānau ʻia ma aneʻi mai Iune me ke ala ʻākau a me ke komohana ʻākau, e hoʻopili ana iā Veracruz a me Tamaulipas.
Ke kolu Aia ia ma ka moku hikina o ka Kai Caribbean, e hōʻike ʻia nei i Iulai a ma waena hoʻi o ʻAukake a me ʻOkakopa. ʻO kēia mau ʻino he ikaika nui a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, hoʻopili pinepine iā Yucatan a me Pololika, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO ka hā ʻo ia ka ʻĀpana ʻAkelanika hikina a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ia ma ʻAukake. ʻO lākou nā makani pāhili o ka mana nui a me ka lōʻihi, ke poʻo komohana, komo i ka Kai Caribbean, Yucatán, Tamaulipas a me Veracruz, akā hoʻi lākou e hoʻi i ka ʻākau, e pili ana i nā kapakai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ka hopena o nā CYCLONES NO KA HANA A ME KA HUI
ʻO ka cyclone tropical kekahi o nā phenomena kūpau loa. ʻO nā kumu meteorological nui e hōʻeha ai:
ʻO ka ikaika o ka makani pāhili e hoʻolālā a kīkē paha i nā mea, ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai o ka moana a hoʻokau ikaika i nā ʻilikai.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻino kahi piʻi pōkole o ka ʻilikai kokoke i ke kapakai i hana ʻia e ka hele ʻana o ka ʻāpana waena o ka makani pāhili, ma muli o ka pā nui o ka makani i ka ʻāina, i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaomi lewa ma waena o ka maka. makani pāhili a me nā wahi a puni. Hiki i kēia kai ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 6 m, kahi ʻūlū mālie o ka moana kai hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai e ka makani a no laila kahi ʻino i ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka ua nui e pili pū ana me ka ʻikika tropical hiki ke hana i nā hāʻule ʻāina a alakaʻi i ka wai kahe.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma nā kahakai o ka honua i mea hiki ʻole ke piʻi aʻe nā hopena pili o nā cyclones tropical i ke kanaka ma hope o ka manawa, e like me nā hanana i hala aku nei ma Mexico. Pēlā nō, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pāpaho, ka lawe ʻana a me nā hana mahiʻai.
Wahi a nā moʻolelo komo kai o nā cyclones tropical, aia ia ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Quintana Roo a me Tamaulipas kahi i komo nui ai lākou.
KA PALAPALA HOPE I KA CYCLONES TROPICAL I HOPE MA KE TERITORE LAHUI.
Hiki ke koho ʻia ʻo Hurricane Gilberto ma ke ʻano he ʻoi loa o kēia kenekulia. ʻO nā hōʻino nui loa i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Quintana Roo, ʻO Yucatan, Tamaulipas lāua ʻo Nuevo León, a i kahi kekelē liʻiliʻi ma Campeche a me Coahuila. I kekahi mau wahi ua kumu ia i ka lilo o ke ola o ke kanaka a me nā hopena luku i nui. Ua waiho i nā koina o kāna alahele i nā hana mahiʻai, nā kamaʻilio, nā noiʻi a me nā pono hana.
E pili ana i nā hopena o ke aniau, hoʻoholo kēia mau phenomena i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ua ʻano nui i ka ʻĀpana Komohana, ʻĀkau, a me ʻĀkau hikina, kahi e loaʻa ai nā wahi maloʻo loa o ka ʻāina, a i loko o lākou e hoʻomohala ʻia nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina i hoʻoulu ʻia, a i kēia manawa ua piʻi aʻe kēia hana waiwai e ulu nei i kahi pae kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka wai e lilo i mea palena. No kā lākou develpment.
ʻO nā cyclones tropical o nā kapakai ʻelua o ka panalāʻau ʻo Mexico kahi a kumu waiwai o ka ua a me ka hoʻouka hou ʻana o nā aquifers i ke kau mai Mei a Nowemapa. Aia kēia ʻāpana āpau i nā loli i ke ʻano ua a me nā ua nui loa pili i ka mana o kēia mau cyclones; ʻo ko lākou noho lōʻihi ʻole ʻana i ke kauwela ke kumu kūpono o ka maloʻo ma kēia wahi.
ʻIke ʻia e hoʻopili kūlike i ka ua mahana a hele pū me kēlā mau hemahema ua ke kiʻekiʻena nā mahana a hoʻonui i ka evaporation a hoʻemi i ka haʻahaʻa o ka lewa.
Me he mea lā i ka hoʻololi kūlohelohe o ke aniau ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā wā maloʻo i kēia wahi, ʻo ka hiki ke piʻi ka nui o nā kau maloʻo (kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) e pili ana i kahi komo haʻahaʻa o kēia mau cyclones a i ʻole kahi loli i kā lākou nā ala hele a lākou e hoʻomohala loa ai mai nā kapakai.
He aha e hana ai ke hele mai kahi HURRICANE?
Mālama i kahi pahu kōkua kōkua mua, radio a me nā ipukukui me nā ʻāpana i waho, ka wai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i loko o nā ipu i uhi ʻia, nā mea ʻai i kēne, nā lana, a me nā palapala nui i mālama ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke ʻeke.
E hoʻomau i ka leki uila uila e loaʻa i ka ʻike. Pani i nā puka a me nā puka aniani, e pale ana i nā puka aniani me ka lepe adhesive i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano X. E hoʻopaʻa i nā mea āpau a hiki i ka makani ke pā. Wehe i nā antennas kīwī, nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā mea kau lole ʻē aʻe. Lawe i nā holoholona (inā he holoholona ponoʻī kāu) a me nā lako hana i kahi i kuhikuhi ʻia. Loaʻa i nā lole mehana a wai ʻole paha ma ka lima. Uhi i nā mīkini pono a i ʻole nā mea i hiki ke hōʻino ʻia e ka wai me nā ʻeke lula. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hale, nā ʻauwaha, nā ʻauwai a me nā ʻauwaha, a kahili i ke alanui me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana i nā auwaha. E hoʻopiha i ka pahu waʻa o ke kaʻa (inā iā ʻoe ia) a e hōʻoia i ke kūlana maikaʻi o ka pila E sila i ka uhi o nā luawai a i ʻole nā luawai me ka huikau e loaʻa i kahi mālama wai wai ʻole. Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e neʻe i kahi pale i hoʻolālā mua ʻia, ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kou home, e lawe pū me ʻoe i nā mea nui.
Puna: Mekiko ʻAno ʻole No. 248 / ʻOkakopa 1997
