Ke nānā nei i kahi puke a hoʻopakele a kūkulu hou paha i kahi hale waihona puke holoʻokoʻa kahi hana maikaʻi loa ia. ʻO kā mākou hōʻiliʻili o kēia manawa nā hale waihona puke o 52 hale kūkā o nā ʻeiwa pule ʻeiwa a lilo lākou i ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi o ka huina i mālama ʻia e ka National Institute of Anthropology and History.
ʻO ke kumu o kēia mau hale waihona puke Convent ma muli o ka makemake o nā Franciscans mua e hāʻawi i kahi aʻo kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻōiwi, a e hoʻopau hoʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i nā haipule iā lākou iho i hele mai Sepania mai me nā kauoha liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kahi laʻana o ka mua ka Kulanui o Santa Cruz de TlatelolcoEia hou, ua hōʻike ʻia ka makemake o kekahi poʻe Franciscans e pili ana i nā manaʻo ʻōiwi, ka manaʻoʻiʻo, a me ka hoihoi, e hoʻopau ana i nā hihia he nui i nā hana hoʻopakele kanaka. ʻO Tlatelolco kahi alahaka hua nui no kēia ala. ʻO San Francisco el Grande, San Fernando, San Cosme, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mau hale kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka poʻe Franciscans i pau i kā lākou aʻo ʻana a hiki i kā lākou haʻi ʻana i ke ʻaha.
I loko o kēia mau kula, no ka poʻe ʻōiwi, a me nā ʻaha kūkā, no ka poʻe novice, mālama pū ʻia kekahi aupuni mōneka me nā papa ma ka Lākina, Paniolo, grammar, a me ke akeakamai, i hui pū ʻia me ka catechism a me ka liturgy. No ke kākoʻo ʻana i kēia mau aʻo ʻana, ua hānai ʻia nā hale waihona puke a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai puke, e like me kā lākou i kāhea ʻia ai i kēlā manawa me nā hana i loaʻa i nā haumāna i nā pilikia nui a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o ka Old World.
ʻO nā papa inoa o nā papa inoa Helene a me nā mele Lākina: ʻo Aristotle, Plutarch, Virgil, Juvenal, Livy, Saint Augustine, o nā mākua o ka Ekalesia a me nā papa Hemolele Hemolele, a me nā catechism, nā ʻōlelo a me nā huaʻōlelo.
ʻO kēia mau hale waihona puke, mai ka hoʻomaka, hānai pū ʻia me ka hāʻawi o ka ʻike ʻōiwi i ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau Hispanic, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mōʻaukala a me nā palapala. ʻO kekahi kumu e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai ʻo ia ka Mekiko Impressions, kahi huahana o ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā moʻomeheu ʻelua, i kākau ʻia i nā ʻōlelo ʻōiwi. Ua kākau ʻia ma ka Nahuatl ka Huaʻōlelo Huaʻōlelo a Molina, ka Himudodia Christiana o Sahagún, a me nā mea hou aku he nui wale. ʻo nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma Otomí, Purépecha a me Maya, i kākau ʻia e nā mōneka Pedro de Cante, Alonso Rangel, Luis de VilIalpando, Toribio de Benavente, Maturino Cilbert, e inoa iki. ʻO ke poʻo o ka Lūkini nui ʻo Antonio VaIeriano, he ʻōiwi o Atzcapotzalco, kahi hui o nā mea unuhi a me nā mea ʻike e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu ʻōiwi i hana i nā moʻolelo haipule ma Nahuatl e kōkua i ka hana ʻana. Ua unuhi ʻia nā hana kahiko he nui e nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi ʻelua, ʻōlelo Nahuatl, Paniolo a me Lākina. Me lākou ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā kuʻuna kahiko, ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā code a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā hōʻike i hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia.
I loko nō o nā pāpā like ʻole, nā censure a me nā kāʻili o nā mea paʻi Mekiko, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka lei aliʻi, aia kekahi - e like me Juan Pablos - i hoʻomau i ka paʻi ʻana i nā hana a Franciscans, Dominicans a me Augustinians ma Mexico City a kūpaʻa hoʻi i ka hana maʻamau. Mai ke kenekulia 16, ua kūʻai pololei aku lākou iā lākou i kā lākou hale hana. ʻAi aku mākou iā lākou i hoʻomau ʻia kahi hana e hoʻonui ai ka waiwai i nā hale kūʻai puke me kēia ʻano hana.
ʻAʻole hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hale waihona puke kūmākena mai ka pilikia o ka nalo ʻana o nā puke i kēia manawa no ka ʻaihue a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā puke bibliographic o kekahi o kā lākou kahu. Ma ke ʻano he pale pale i ka nalowale mua ʻana, ua hoʻomaka nā hale waihona puke e hoʻohana i ka "Fire Mark", kahi e hōʻike ana i ka ona o ka puke a hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ia. Kūkulu kēlā me kēia hale ʻekemu i kahi lepa kūʻokoʻa i hana mau ʻia me nā huapalapala o ka inoa o ka hale pule, e like me nā Franciscans a me nā Jesuits, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hōʻailona o ke kauoha, e like me ka Dominicans, Augustinians and Carmelites, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia peʻa i nā ʻoki luna a i lalo o nā mea i paʻi ʻia, a emi iki i ka ʻoki kū ʻoi a i loko o ka puke. Ua noi ʻia ka mana me kahi hao hao ʻulaʻula, no laila kona inoa "ahi".
Eia naʻe, me he mea lā ua hele a pinepine ka ʻaihue o nā puke i loko o nā ʻaha kūkā a huli nā Franciscans i ka pontiff Pius V e hoʻōki i kēia kūlana me kahi ʻōlelo hoʻoholo. Pēlā mākou e heluhelu ai i ke kānāwai Pontifical, i hāʻawi ʻia ma Roma ma Nowemapa 14, 1568, penei:
Wahi a ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai iā mākou, nani ʻole kekahi me ko lākou lunamanaʻo a maʻi hoʻi me ka avarice, hilahila ʻole e lawe i nā puke mai nā hale waihona puke o kekahi mau mōneka a me nā hale o ke kauoha a nā Hoahānau o Saint Francis no ka leʻaleʻa, a paʻa i ko lākou mau lima no kā lākou hoʻohana. i ka makaʻu i ko lākou mau ʻuhane a me nā hale waihona puke iā lākou iho, a ʻaʻole no kahi kānalua iki o nā kaikunāne o ke kaʻina like; ʻO mākou, i kēia ana, i ke ana e hoihoi ai i kā mākou keʻena, e makemake nei e kau i kahi manawa kūpono, me ka manawaleʻa a me ko mākou ʻike i hoʻoholo ʻia, ua hoʻonohonoho mākou e kēia manawa, kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka honua a me nā kānaka pule maʻamau o kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina, kekelē, kauoha a kūlana paha lākou, ʻoiai lākou e ʻālohilohi me ka hanohano episkopal, ʻaʻole e ʻaihue i ka ʻaihue a i ʻole ke ʻano a lākou e manaʻo ai mai nā hale waihona puke i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei a i ʻole kekahi o lākou, kekahi puke a puke puke paha, no ka mea makemake mākou e hoʻokau iā mākou iho i kekahi o nā mea lawe. i ka ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻi o ka hoʻokuke ʻana, a ua hoʻoholo mākou ma ia wahi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Roman Pontiff wale nō, ke loaʻa ke kala, koe wale nō ma ka hora o ka make.
Ua kau ʻia kēia leka pontifical i kahi wahi i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hale kūʻai puke i mea e ʻike ai ka poʻe āpau i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻāpope a me nā hoʻopaʻi i hoʻoili ʻia e kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻohana i kahi hana.
Minamina nō naʻe ua mau ka ʻino ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo e kūʻē iā ia. Me kēia mau kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hale waihona puke nui e uhi ākea i ke kumu o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noiʻi a me ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia i loko o nā ʻaha kūkā a me nā kula o nā ʻano haipule i hoʻolaha ʻia ma Nu Sepania āpau. Ua loaʻa i loko o kēia mau puke puke kahi waiwai moʻomeheu nui loa nona ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia iā lākou i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou i waiwai waiwai nui no ke aʻo ʻana i ka moʻomeheu o New Spain.
ʻO lākou nā kikowaena maoli o ka moʻomeheu i hoʻomohala i ka hana noiʻi ma nā ʻano he nui: ka mōʻaukala, ka palapala, ka ʻōlelo, ka moʻomeheu, ka ʻepekema, ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻōlelo Lākina a me nā ʻōiwi, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka heluhelu a me ke kākau ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōiwi.
Ua kāʻili ʻia nā hale waihona puke kūkā i ka wā o ke aupuni ʻo Juárez. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau puke i loko o ka National Library, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui i loaʻa e nā bibliophiles a me nā mea kūʻai puke i Mexico City.
I kēia manawa, ka hana o ka National Library of Anthropology a me History e hoʻohui i nā hana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kālā conventual a nā kiaʻi Institute ma nā kikowaena INAH like ʻole o ka Repubalika, i mea e hoʻokau ai iā lākou i ka lawelawe o ka noiʻi.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā hōʻiliʻili, hoʻohui ʻana i nā hale kūʻai puke o kēlā me kēia hale pule, a i ka hiki ke hiki, ke hāpai nei i kā lākou papa helu mea paʻakikī a, e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai i kinohi, kahi huakaʻi maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi. I kēia ʻano, he mea maikaʻi loa nā "Fire Marks" ke hāʻawi mai nei iā mākou i ke kuhi e kūkulu hou i nā hale waihona puke conventual a me kā lākou hōʻiliʻili. Inā ʻaʻole lākou, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia hana, no laila kona koʻikoʻi. Aia ko mākou hoihoi i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka noiʻi me ka hiki ke ʻike, ma o kahi hōʻiliʻili i ʻike ʻia, ka ideology a i ʻole ke akeakamai, nā kaiaola a me nā ʻano pono o kēlā me kēia kauoha a me ko lākou mana i kā lākou hana ʻeuanelio a me nā hana lunaʻolelo.
Hoʻopakele, me ka ʻike pū o kēlā me kēia hana, ma o nā papa inoa pūnaewele, nā waiwai moʻomeheu o New Spain, e hoʻolako ana i nā pono no kā lākou aʻo ʻana.
Ma hope o ʻehiku mau makahiki o ka hana ma kēia laina, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻohui a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā hōʻiliʻili e like me ko lākou kumu a me ko lākou conventual proofance, kā lākou hana ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea hana kūkākūkā: 18 i paʻi ʻia nā papa inoa a me kahi papa inoa lehulehu o nā kālā a nā kiaʻi INAH, e hōʻike koke nei, i nā noiʻi no kā lākou hoʻolaha ʻana a me ke kūkā ʻana, a me nā hana e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana.
ʻO ka National Library of Anthropology and History he 12 tausani mau puke mai nā kauoha haipule aʻe: Capuchins, Augustinians, Franciscans, Carmelites a me ke anaina o nā haʻi ʻōlelo a San Felipe Neri, kahi e kū ai ka Seminary o Morelia, Fray Felipe de Lasco. , ʻO Francisco Uraga, Seminary Conciliar o Mexico City, Keʻena o ka Inquisition Hemolele a me ke Kulanui o Santa María de Todos los Santos. ʻO nā kālā bibliographic o kēia ʻano i loaʻa nā kiaʻi lNAH ma Guadalupe, Zacatecas, i ka hale konikula mua o ka inoa like, a no loko mai o ke koleke propaganda a nā Franciscans i ʻōlelo ai i loko o ia hale ʻino (13,000 poʻo inoa. , Guanajuato (4,500 poʻo inoa), a ma Cuitzeo, Michoacán, me kahi 1,200 poʻo inoa. Ma ka Casa de Morelos, ma Morelia, ʻo Michoacán, me nā poʻo inoa he 2000, e like me Querétaro, me nā poʻo inoa 12,500 mai nā ʻaha kūkā like ʻole o ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi waihona ʻē aʻe i loko o ka National Museum of the Viceroyalty, kahi o nā hale waihona puke no ka Jesuit a me Dominican kauoha, me 4,500 poʻo inoa, a ma ka ex-convent o Santa Mónica ma ke kūlanakauhale o Puebla, me 2,500 poʻo inoa i loaʻa.
Kāhea aku me kēia ʻEulopa a me New Sepania, nā puke ʻepekema a me nā hoʻomana mai kahi wā i hala e hōʻike ana iā mākou, e hōʻeuʻeu iā mākou me ka mahalo, ka mahalo a me ka hoʻokipa ʻana ʻoiai e koi ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo i ka mōʻaukala e hakakā nei e ola i mua o ka haʻalele ʻana a me ka mālama ʻole honua. ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka manaʻo Katolika kolone e kahi liberalism lanakila.
ʻO kēia mau hale waihona puke Paniolo Hou, haʻi ʻo Ignacio Osorio iā mākou, "ʻo ia nā mea ʻike maka a me nā ʻākena pinepine o nā kaua ʻepekema a me nā ideological waiwai nui a New Hispanics i lawe mua ai i ka ʻike o ʻEulopa o ka honua a ʻo ka lua ua hoʻomohala lākou i kā lākou papahana mōʻaukala ponoʻī."
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi a me ke ola ʻana o kēia mau hōʻuluʻulu puke biblika conventual koi a koi i kā mākou hana maikaʻi loa.
