ʻO ke kai e ʻino pinepine ana e ka makani ʻākau a me ka hema, kahi kumu o ka hānai a ke kanaka a me kahi mālama nui o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. Aia nō ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Me nā huaʻōlelo: 'Gulf of Mexico' ka geography o ka New World i hoʻomaka e kākau ʻia, kahi moʻolelo mamao loa mai ka hoʻopau ʻana. Aia nō he mau miliona o ka poʻe Mekiko i ʻike maka ʻole i ka palena moana nui ma waena o Florida a me Yucatan peninsulas, a aia he mau haneli o nā mile i nalo o nā alanui e pili ana i kā mākou mau kahakai kahakai.
Mai ka waha o ka Rio Grande, ma ka ʻākau, a i Campeche, ʻo ka ʻāpana Mekiko o ke kahawai i ana ʻia he 2000 kilomita a ʻoi aku paha (ʻaʻohe māka e palena ana i ke kai kūʻono a me ka Caribbean), e like me kā Carlos Rangel Plasencia, kahi mea hana mai Mexico i ʻike ʻole nāna i helu ka mamao. e ukali ana i ka mokuna holoʻokoʻa o ke kapakai.
Ua hana ʻo ia i kēia huakaʻi, mai ka hema a i ke kūkulu ʻākau, ma luna o ka kayak, ʻo ia ka huakaʻi mua o kēia ʻano i ko mākou moʻolelo kai. ʻO kāna kumu, me ka ʻuhane o ka pīhoihoi, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike mua o ka nui o nā kahakai i nānā ʻole ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā poʻe Mekiko.
Ma muli o ka pilina o ka hulihonua a me ka mōʻaukala, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka waha o ka Bravo, ua hoʻokumu kahi lima o nā mea kālepa Peresia i kahi awa liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 1850, i bapetizo ʻia e like me Baghdad, a lilo ia i ʻaneʻane ke kūlanakauhale (6,000 poʻe) mahalo i ka neʻe ikaika ʻo ke kālepa i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ke kaua kīwila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ke kūkulu hou ʻia ʻana o ka maluhia ma ka ʻāina kokoke, a hui pū ʻia me nā ʻino nui a me nā kahe nui o ka Bravo, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka lehulehu a hiki i kona nalowale ʻana, a kanu ʻia hoʻi ma lalo o nā puʻu o ua wahi lā. ʻO kēlā kahakai, i kapa ʻia i kēia lā ʻo Lauro Villar, ʻo ia ka lae ʻākau loa o Mekiko ma ko mākou Kāwī.
I ka hema ...
Kū aʻe kahi kino nui o ka wai: ʻo Laguna Madre, ka lōʻihi loa o ka ʻāina (220 mau kilomita). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ke kai e kahi kaulahao o nā kuahiwi a me nā kī one, kahi ʻano o ka wai kūlohelohe e hiki ai i kahi lawaiʻa kupaianaha nui loa. I kekahi mau wahi o ka hohonu pāpaʻu a me ka evaporation kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ka hanana o ka wai i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kai make. Hoʻoemi ʻia ka heluna kanaka i ke ola ʻana o nā canopies, nā canopies a me nā keʻena o kekahi mau lawaiʻa haneli.
Hoʻokumu kēlā me kēia waha o kahi kahawai a kahawai paha i kāna ʻōnaehana biotic paʻakikī loa, ʻōnaehana-vegetation, mai nā crustacean, nā iʻa a me nā mea kolo, i nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu. Kū kēia mau mea āpau i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona ʻāina i kapa ʻia, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā hihia, nā estuaries, nā kaola, nā wahi wai, nā puʻu, nā puʻu, nā muʻu, nā wahi kai, nā mangrove a me nā ulu lāʻau. Aia i loko o ke kapakai ʻo Tamaulipas kahi mau laʻana o kēia mau hanana kaiaola.
No Veracruz ...
No nā makahiki he nui ʻaʻole i hoʻololi iki ka puka i ʻEulopa i nā kenekulia. Hōʻike ia i nā savannah ākea, a he kahawai nui hoʻi ma ka ʻākau: ʻo Tamiahua, 80 mile ka lōʻihi a me kekahi mau mokupuni liʻiliʻi, koe wale nō ʻo Cabo Rojo, wao akua a noho ʻole ʻia.
Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale a me ke awa o Veracruz nā kahakai o Villa Rica, kahi a Hernán Cortés i piholo ai i kāna mau moku (ʻaʻole i puhi ʻia) e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka poʻe i manaʻo e haʻalele. Ma ke alo o kahi e piʻi ai nā puʻu o Quiahuiztlan, mai kahi piko o ka Aztec tlahuilos i pena ai i nā kiʻi o nā "hale lana" i loaʻa iā Moctezuma i kēlā me kēia lā ma Tenochtitlan.
ʻO ke awa o Veracruz kekahi o nā helu ʻelua wale nō ma ke Kai Kūʻono i ʻike ʻia i ka loli ʻana o kona helehelena - ʻo Campeche kekahi-, ma muli o nā hana paʻa. I uka, ma kahi o 4 mau mile ka mamao, e waiho ana ka paka mua ma lalo o ka wai, ʻo ka Veracruz Reef System (SAV, a mākou e ʻōlelo ai i kā mākou pukana hope loa), e pili ana i nā wahi haʻahaʻa o La Blanquilla a me La Anegada, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Sacrificios a me Isla. Ōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka palena o nā kahakai lōʻihi, kahi kaulahao o nā one one e hoʻohālikelike ai iā mākou ma ka latitu like, 25 kekelē ʻākau, e like me ʻAigupita a me ka wao nahele ʻo Sahara.
Ua ʻoki ʻia ka pā kahakai nui e ka moena o ka muliwai ʻo Alvarado a hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia kona kai kūʻono nui (ka hui ʻana o ʻewalu mau lagoon) e ka moku me kahi motuka kūwaho i nā ʻāina ʻo Oaxacan.
Ma ke kūkulu hema aku, ke kolo nei nā kuahiwi i ke kai a noho ʻia e nā pali, nā pali a me nā pali e like me ko Montepío, kahi e kahe ai nā kahawai ʻelua ma waena o nā mangrove i ka Sontecomapan wahi. Ma kēia wahi aia ke kahakai nani loa mai Florida a Yucatan. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Playa Escondida a me kona ʻano lio e kāhiko ʻia me ka pali i kāʻei ʻia me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e nā mea kanu. Ke hoʻomau nei i ka hema, kū i waho kahi lagoon ʻē aʻe, ʻo Catemaco, ma loko o kahi pola lua pele nui.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka Sierra de los Tuxtlas paʻakikī i mua i kāna mauhele ulu lāʻau i mua o ke kahakai a hiki i mua o ka Coatzacoalcos mana nui, a hoʻi ka pāpū i ka palena kūlohelohe me Tabasco, ka muliwai ʻo Tonalá, kahi kokoke i ka pākū hikina nā wahi o ka mua-Hispanic La Venta, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā kiʻi kiʻi nui e hoʻonani ai iā Villahermosa i kēia manawa.
Palapala ʻāina paʻa
Ma hope iki iho, mai Sánchez Magallanes, lawe ke kahakai i ke ʻano o kahi ʻōnaehana lagoon mau kahi e hoʻokau ai nā tropics i nā ʻano lau nahele o ka lau nahele. Hōʻike ʻia nā lagoons ʻo Tajonal, La Machona a me Mecoacán, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau, he mau wai wai maoli āpau kahi e koi ai nā alanui lepo, inā ʻaʻole nā alahaka, nā pana a me nā chalanas no ka hele ʻana o ka poʻe a me nā kaʻa. ʻO kekahi ana kēia o ka ʻāina mua a paʻa loa.
Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka muliwai ʻo San Pedro, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ma Guatemala, pālahalaha hou ke kahakai a me ka one me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka liʻuliʻu, i ka mua hiki ʻole ke nānā aku, lawe ke kai i kahi hue ʻē aʻe, e hele ana mai ka uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka jade-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻo kēia ke ʻano e ʻike ʻia ai ma ka waha o ka Laguna de Terminos, ke kahawai hydrological nui loa o ka ʻāina, 705,000 hectares, a no ʻekolu mau makahiki ka wahi kūlohelohe nui loa ʻia ma Mekiko. Me nā kaiā kokoke o Tabasco o Centla, ʻo ia ka mea hopu nui o nā manu neʻe i ka hemisphere ʻākau. ʻO kēia ka nahele a me ka wai ma kahi maikaʻi, hou, wai a me ka wai paʻakai no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole a me nā crustacea a me nā mollusks ... a me nā ʻano holoholona pau ʻole. ʻO ka wai kekahi mai ka muliwai ʻo Candelaria, ka mea, e like me ka San Pedro, hānau ʻia ma Guatemala, a me nā kumuwaiwai kūʻiʻo ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
80 kilomita mai ka hikina a ke komohana, 40 mai ka hema a ke kūkulu ʻākau, akā ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kilomita, pono e ana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo i kona hiki ke hiki ke ola kūʻē i ka hoʻopuni kanaka hiki ʻole ke komo.
ʻO ka wai Pirate a me nā mālama
Noho ʻo Ciudad del Carmen ma ke kahawai o ka muliwai a me kaʻauwai, ma ka mokupuni ʻo Carmen, no 179 mau makahiki ka lilo ʻana o nā mea hoʻopae Pelekane a me nā powa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Trix a me ka mokupuni ʻo Trix, a hiki i ke kipaku ʻana o ke aupuni Sepania iā lākou i ka makahiki 1777. ʻIke ʻia mai ke kai, ua like ka mokupuni me he māla o nā lāʻau pāma kiʻekiʻe e nānā aʻe ana ma waena o nā hale. Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia manawa i ka ʻāina nui e nā alahaka lōʻihi loa ʻelua ma ka ʻāina: ʻo ka Solidarity a me ka Unidad, 3,222 mau mika.
ʻO ke kahakai o nā lāʻau pāma lūlū e hilinaʻi nei ma luna o ke kai e hoʻomau nei i nā kahawai wai ākea a i ʻole nā kualapa o El Cuyo, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi ʻo Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve, a, mau kilomita i mua, ʻo Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "muʻu", hoʻohana iki ʻia, pili i ke komo kai me kahi papa lawehala e like me kēlā o ka muliwai.
ʻOi aku ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kai a me nā huaʻōlelo ʻo Caribbean Sea e ʻike ʻia ma nā palapala ʻāina. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻaʻohe laina hoʻokaʻawale, akā maopopo, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ma laila kahi e pau ai ka ʻāpana aupuni o ke Kai Kūʻono o Mexico.
