Aia ma nā wahi o ke kaona ʻo Comitán, ma ka moku waena o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chiapas, kū mai kēia kapikala Mayan kahiko no kāna hana nui a me ka hoʻololi pāʻoihana. E mākaʻikaʻi iā ia!
Ke kulanakauhale kahiko o Uapo Tenam Kūkulu ʻia ia ma nā paepae kupaianaha me nā paia e waiho ana, ma ka mauna e hoʻomalu i ka papu Comiteca holoʻokoʻa a hōʻike i kekahi o nā pae aʻo liʻiliʻi o ka archeology Chiapas.
E ʻike ai i kēia wahi archaeological he maʻalahi ke hiki aku Komite o Domínguez, kahi kūlanakauhale ʻoluʻolu me kahi aniau maikaʻi i waenakonu o kahi ʻāina i lako i ka wai a me nā kula ākea e hohola ma waena o nā puʻu o nā ulu lāʻau pine a ʻoka. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e huakaʻi i kāna kikowaena mōʻaukala e hōʻike nei i kēia lā iā mākou i kahi kiʻi kolone nani, e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he nani loa ma ka hikina hema o Mekiko. ʻO kāna mau alanui cobbled me nā mansions i mālama pono ʻia, nā māla a me nā kiosk waena e ʻōlelo no lākou iho. I ka pā nui, ʻo nā ʻalā me nā ʻākeke lāʻau e hana ai i nā wahi kū hoʻokahi a i nā ʻīpuka, ʻono nā kamaʻāina i ke kofe Chiapas maikaʻi loa.
Ma mua o ke kiosk kū i waho ka nani luakini o Santo Domingo. Hoʻomaka kona kūkulu ʻano Plateresque i loko o nā makahiki he umi i hala o ke kenekulia 16 a ua pau i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 17. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao e kū nei he hale kiaʻi nani o kahi kūkulu ma hope e kū nei mai ke alo aku, loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona Gothic a me Islam, ke ʻano o ke kaila Mudejar, ma kona paia Roman arches kū aʻe. Hoʻokahi palaka ma ka hema o ka square nui ka hale a Belisario Domínguez i noho ai, i kahi kaila Sevillian i hana ʻia me nā puka lāʻau, kau ʻia a puni ka lānai pua.
ʻO ka pakaua nui
Kekahi mau kilomita ma ka hema o Comitán ka pūnaewele archaeological o Tenam Puente. ʻO ka wā nui o ka noho ʻana o ka pūnaewele e kūlike i nā wā kahiko a me ka mua o ka wā Postclassic, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua haʻalele ʻia nā wahi Maya o ke kikowaena waena (Petén, Guatemala). ʻO Tenam Puente i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka manawa mua ma ka puke Nā ʻohana a me nā Luakini hoʻoponopono ʻia e ʻO Frans Blom Y ʻO Olivier La Farge, i ka makahiki 1928. Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka hoʻonui palena ʻāina i 2 mau kilomika kilomika, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā ʻano kūkulu like ʻole o kahi ʻano civic, haipule a me kahi noho.
Piʻi ka wahi archaeological ma luna o nā paepae nui a kupaianaha hoʻi me nā paia paʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ʻelima mau pali, a pēlā e hana ai i nā pā hāmama a pani ʻia hoʻi, kahi e puʻunaue ʻia ai nā hale nui, a ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea he hakahaka kona e like me ke ʻano maʻamau. . Ua wehewehe ʻo Frans Blom (1893-1963) i ka piʻi ʻana i kahi pali ua hōʻea lākou i nā wahi neoneo o Tenam Puente a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o kēia puʻu aia he awāwa liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā wahi neoneo a me kekahi ʻano mauna semicircular, e like me kahi amphitheater kūlohelohe nui. ʻIke ʻo ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā puʻu, a puni nā ākea ākea e pili ana i ke awāwa liʻiliʻi, hoʻokolokolo ʻo ia i kēia "hōʻike i nā poʻe kūkulu hale i hoʻohana i ka nohona kūlohelohe."
ʻO ka hui nui o nā hale ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Aia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o luna a 20 mau mika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kino i hehi ʻia. ʻO kekahi hui i ka hema e kūlike i nā heiau a me nā wahi noho o nā papa kiʻekiʻe, i hāʻawi ʻia a puni nā wahi i pani ʻia, me nā hale pule a me nā paepae me nā lumi nui ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā wahi o ka puʻuwai o Tenam Puente nā lole o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko, ʻoiai e hoʻololi nui ʻia e nā hana mahiʻai o kēia wā.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho spatial o nā hale ma ia wahi e like loa me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i ka Central Depression o Chiapas (kahi pālahalaha i palena ʻia e ka Sierra Madre de Chiapas, ka Plateau Waena a me nā mauna ʻĀkau). Ma ka muliwai Ka muliwai Grijalva a hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hāʻawi i ka nui o nā pūnaewele me nā ʻano hoʻolālā like a me nā hana kūkulu, e pili ana i nā pōhaku limestone ʻoki maikaʻi ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hoʻopau me nā stucco, i mālama mau ʻia i kekahi mau paia, nā papahele a me nā alapiʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi mau papa o nā pā pōhaku.
ʻO ka mea nui o ke kū ʻana o ʻekolu mau pāʻani kinipōpō, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke komo ʻana i Tenam Puente ma o ka pā nui kinipōpō. Ma nā paepae kiʻekiʻe, ma nā pae ʻokoʻa, aia he ʻelua mau pāʻani kinipōpō ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i waena o nā papa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pā kinipōpō i ka wahi kuhikuhipuʻuone o ia wahi e hoʻokō i ka hana o ke kaohi ʻana i ke komo ʻana i nā wahi laʻa ma o ka pale kuʻuna, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka hōʻike o nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻokau ʻia ai nā māhoe makamae. nā pūʻali o ka lalo i ka Popol Vuh.
ʻLelo ko lākou mau kapuwaʻi wāwae
ʻO ka wahi hoʻolālā o Tenam Puente i ʻae i kona poʻe kamaʻāina e hoʻohana i ka kaohi ma luna o ke ala kalepa e pili ana i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o Chiapas a me Guatemala me ke kaumaha waena o Chiapas. ʻO nā hōʻiliʻili pālolo mai nā ʻeli ʻana o ia wahi, hōʻike i kahi kālepa ikaika loa me nā wahi mamao loa o ka moku ʻo Comitán, e like me nā nīnūnē mai ke kai kūʻono o Mexico.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā kanu ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ke kū ʻana o nā kiʻi nui i waiho ʻia ai nā mōhai he nui e like me nā moku, nā mea pōhaku ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā mea hoʻonaninani i hana ʻia i ka iwi a me ke kākalaioa. Mahalo i kēia mau ʻeli ʻana a pau, nā kanu ʻana a me nā ʻimi noiʻi i hana ʻia a hiki i kēia lā, hoʻomaka mākou e ʻike hou e pili ana i ka ulu moʻomeheu i hōʻea ʻia e kēia pūnaewele Maya. Me nā mea i loaʻa, ua hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa i komo ʻo Tenam Puente i ka pae hope loa o ka moʻomeheu Maya Maya e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻololi i ka Postclassic mua, kahi manawa i loaʻa ai ka ikaika nui a me nā mea i hana ʻia i ka alabaster.
ʻO Comitan i hala
ʻO ka Balum Canan kahiko, "Kahi o nā hōkū ʻeiwa", hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o kahi poho e nā Tzeltal Indians, ka poʻe e kāhea nei. I ka makahiki 1486 ua hoʻololi ke kaiāulu i kona inoa i Komitlan, Nahuatl hua ʻōlelo ʻo ia hoʻi “Kahi o nā fiva”. Ma 1528 ua naʻi ʻia e Pedro de Porto Carrero; a ma 1556 ua neʻe ʻo Diego Tinoco a hoʻokumu i ke kaona ma kahi i kēia lā.
