ʻO ka Devil's Canyon kahi puka aniani i prehistory kahi e loaʻa ai iā mākou ka pono o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumu o ka noho ʻana ma kā mākou ʻāina.
ʻO El Cañón del Diablo kahi, archaeologically a me anthropologically ʻōlelo, kekahi o nā pūnaewele nui i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Tamaulipas a me Mexico.
Aia ma kekahi o nā wahi mamao loa ma ka ʻākau o ka Sierra de Tamaulipas, ke awāwa kahi o kekahi o nā kaʻina kumu i ka mōʻaukala kanaka: ke aʻo ʻana e hana i ka mea e ʻai ai. Ma kēia wahi mauna kū hoʻokahi, i ka lohi a me ka lohi o ke kaʻina hana i hala he mau makahiki he mau makahiki, ua ulu ka poʻe noho mua o ka ʻāina ʻo Tamaulipas mai ke kahua o nā mea ʻimi holoholona ʻimi huki a hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kaiāulu mahiʻai mahiʻai, mahalo i ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu. hihiu, keu hoʻi o ke kulina (2,500 makahiki BC).
ʻO nā pūʻulu nomadic a me nā semi-nomadic o ka wā kahiko loa, a me kekahi mau ʻohana i mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana kahiko o ke ola a hiki i nā wā mōʻaukala, noho i nā haneli o nā ana a me nā hale noho pōhaku ma loko o ka lōʻihi o ke kahawai, a ma laila lākou i waiho ai i nā mea nui i kēia lā hulikoehana. Eia nō naʻe, ua kālele ʻia ko mākou hoihoi i nā hōʻike moʻomeheu kupaianaha nui loa, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a enigmatic o ko mākou mau kūpuna: nā kiʻi o ke ana o ka Devil's Canyon.
ʻACKLELO HELE HELU
ʻO ka hōʻike kūlana mua e pili ana i kēia mau pena kiʻi mai kahi hōʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e ka "Esparta" Corps of Explorers o ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Ciudad Victoria, ke Kula Normal a me ka Hoʻomākaukau, ma hope o kahi ana i mālama ʻia ma Sierra de Tamaulipas i Kēkēmapa 1941. I kēlā hōʻike ʻEkolu mau "ana" i wehewehe ʻia (ʻoiai he mau papa pōhaku paʻapaʻa ʻia) me nā kiʻi pena o ke ana ma ka Devil's Canyon, ma ke kaona ʻo Casas.
He mau makahiki ma hope mai, ma waena o 1946 a me 1954, ke kanaka ʻimi kanaka ʻAmelika ʻo Richard S. MacNeish, e ʻimi ana e wehewehe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mahiʻai a me nā kumu o ke kulina i ko mākou ʻāina nui, i hana i nā hana archaeological koʻikoʻi ma nā wahi pōhaku a me nā wahi archaeological i nā kuahiwi like.
Ma o kēia mau hana, ua hoʻokumu ʻo MacNeish i kahi kaʻina o nā wā moʻomeheu ʻeiwa no ka Devil's Canyon: ʻo ka mea kahiko loa a ʻo Tamaulipas, ka wā Diablo, mai 12,000 mau makahiki BC. a kū i ke ola nomadic kumu o ke kanaka ʻAmelika ma Mekiko; Ua ukali ʻia e nā pae Lerma, Nogales, La Perra, Almagre, Laguna, Eslabones a me La Salta, a hiki i ka hopena me ka pae ʻo Los Ángeles (1748 AD).
HUAKAI I KA CANONI DEBILO
ʻIke i ka mōʻaukala - a i ʻole prehistoric - kāʻei kua o ka Devil's Canyon, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke pale aku i ka hoʻowalewale e kipa aku i kekahi o nā lawena o ko mākou ʻāina. No laila, me Silvestre Hernández Pérez, haʻalele mākou iā Ciudad Mante a i Ciudad Victoria, kahi e hui pū ʻia ai mākou me Eduardo Martínez Maldonado, kahi hoa aloha a me ka mea pili pono i nā ana he nui a me nā wahi archaeological i ka mokuʻāina.
Mai Ciudad Victoria mākou i hele ai i ke ala e hele aku ai i Soto la Marina, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola ma hope, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻena o ka Sierra de Tamaulipas, ua huli pono mākou ma ke ala lepo 7 km a alakaʻi iā mākou i kahi kaiāulu kaiāulu liʻiliʻi; Mai laila mākou i neʻe ai i kahi hope loa e hiki ai iā mākou ke kiʻi me ke kalaka, kahi mahi holoholona a Don Lupe Barrón, ka luna o ka waiwai a me ka hoaaloha o Don Lalo, i hoʻokipa maikaʻi mai iā mākou.
Ke wehewehe nei i ke kumu o kā mākou kipa ʻana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia no kāna keiki ʻo Arnoldo, a me Hugo, kahi ʻōpio ʻē aʻe o ka pā holoholona, e hele pū me mākou i ka huakaʻi. I kēlā lā nō, i ke awakea, piʻi mākou i kahi pali o ka sierra a iho i lalo ma kahi awāwa i piha i ka lalo o ke kahawai, a hoʻomau mākou i ke kahawai a hiki i kona hui ʻana me ka Devil's Canyon; mai kēlā kiko mākou e hele hema i ka wikiwiki loa, a piʻi mākou i ka ʻaoʻao o kahi ākea ākea ākea e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka kapa hema o ke kahawai. Ua hōʻea mākou i Planilla a me Cueva de Nogales.
Ua mākaʻikaʻi koke mākou i ka lua, kekahi o nā hale pōhaku nui loa a kamahaʻo hoʻi i ka Devil's Canyon, a ua ʻike mākou ma nā paia nā kiʻi o ke ana, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he ʻike liʻiliʻi, koe wale no kekahi mau kaha lima i ka ʻulaʻula; Ua ʻike pū mākou, me ke kaumaha, ka nui nui o nā graffiti o kēia au i hana ʻia e nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona i hoʻohana i ka ʻahuʻula ma ke ʻano he hoʻomoana.
I ka lā aʻe i ke kakahiaka ua hele mākou i ka wāwae i kahi i hānau ʻia ai ka canyon, e mākaʻikaʻi ai i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o 2 km o ke ala e loaʻa iā mākou Cave 2, e like me ka helu ʻana o Grupo Esparta, ma luna o nā paia he ʻelua mau "inscription" kūpono i ka mahalo, ʻo lākou āpau me ka pena ʻulaʻula, mālama pono ʻia e like me ka manawa i hana ʻia ai . Kāhea ʻo MacNeish i kēia ʻano o nā kaha kiʻi "nā helu helu", ʻo ia hoʻi, "nā helu moʻokāki" a i ʻole nā "helu helu", e hōʻike ana paha i kahi ʻōnaehana helu archaic kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kiko a me ka laina e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kahi nui. , a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o kekahi mahiʻai rustic a astronomical paha; Manaʻo ʻo MacNeish ʻo kēia ʻano o nā "mark" e puka mai ana mai nā wā mua loa, e like me Nogales (5000-3000 BC).
Hoʻomau mākou i kā mākou huakaʻi ma ke kahawai o ke kahawai a 1.5 km ma hope ua ʻike maopopo mākou iā Cave 3 ma ka paia kū o ka pali. ʻOiai ke ana lākou ma waena o 5 a me 6 cm, hoihoi nui nā kiʻi pena o nā ana i loaʻa i kēia puʻuhonua pōhaku. Ua ʻike mākou i nā kiʻi i ʻike ʻia he shamans, kahi hōkū, nā kāne i kau ʻia ma luna o nā holoholona wāwae ʻekolu, kahi moʻo a i ʻole chameleon, kahi manu a i ʻole ʻōpeʻapeʻa, bipi, kahi hoʻolālā i ke ʻano o ka "huila me nā koʻi" a me kahi hui o nā huapalapala a ʻano kanaka paha i ʻike ʻia komo i nā pepeiaohao, hulu a i ʻole kekahi ʻano pale poʻo. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mea holo lio a me nā "bipi", hiki wale i ka wā o ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻoholo ʻo MacNeish i nā kiʻi pena ʻia e nā Raisins India i ka 18 kenekulia.
Ma hope o ka hele wāwae ʻana ma kahi o 9 km mai ka Planilla de Nogales, ʻike hope loa mākou iā Cave 1. He lua nui ia i loko o ka pōhaku ola o ka pali.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻike pōhaku, aia ka hapa nui o lākou i ka lani a i ʻole ke kaupaku o ka hale. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā grids, nā laina pololei, nā hui o nā laina a me nā kiko a me nā laina wavy, a me nā kiʻi geometric, e like me ka wehewehe hou ʻana o nā kiʻi pōhaku, e hōʻike i nā hihiʻo o nā shamans i nā manawa i hoʻololi ʻia o ka ʻike.
Eia kekahi ma ke kaupaku nā kiʻi ʻelua e pili pinepine ʻia me nā hōkū. ʻO kēia mau kaha paha ka moʻolelo o kahi hanana hōkū i kū mai ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai kahi mea ʻeono mau mālamalama ma mua o Venus i ka hōkū o Taurus, i ʻike ʻia i ke ao ākea Ma kēia mea, ua helu ʻo William C. Miller ma ka lā 5 o Iulai, 1054 A.D. aia kahi hui kupaianaha o kahi supernova ʻōlinolino a me ka mahina puʻupuʻu, ʻo kēia supernova ka pahū o kahi hōkū nui i hāpai i ka nebula maʻi ʻaʻai nui.
Ma ke kaupaku a me ka paia o kēia puʻuhonua ʻike mākou i kahi helu maʻamau o nā lima liʻiliʻi i pena ʻia, ʻo kekahi o lākou me nā manamana lima ʻehā wale nō; hou i lalo, kokoke i ka papahele, kahi kahakiʻi ʻeleʻele hoihoi o ka mea i ʻike ʻia he pūpū honu.
Ma ke ala e hoʻi ai i kahi hoʻomoana, i ka wā o ka huakaʻi hele maloʻo loa mākou ma muli o ka nui o ka wela, ka hanu ʻana o ka lā a me ke kino a me nā waimaka. Hoʻomaka ka lehelehe o kā mākou mau lehelehe, hele wāwae mākou i kekahi mau lā i ka lā a noho i lalo e hoʻomaha ai ma lalo o ka malu o nā popla, ke manaʻo nei mākou e inu nei i kahi aniani nui a me ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka wai anuanu.
Ma mua iki o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka Sheet, ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā alakaʻi he ʻeono mau mahina i hala ua hūnā kahi hoahānau i kahi hue wai i loko o kekahi mau pōhaku o ke kahawai; ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua loaʻa iā ia a no laila ua hoʻomaha iki i ka make wai nui a mākou i manaʻo ai, me ka nānā ʻole i ka pilau a me ka ʻono o ka wai. Hoʻomaka hou mākou i ka hele, piʻi mākou i ka Planilla, a ma kahi o 300 m e hele a hiki i kahi hoʻomoana, huli wau e ʻike iā Silvestre, e piʻi mai nei i ka pali ma kahi o 50 m ma hope oʻu.
Eia nō naʻe, ma hope koke iho o ko mākou noho ʻana i kahi hoʻomoana, pūʻiwa mākou no ka lohi o ka hōʻea ʻana o Silvestre, no laila ua hele koke mākou e ʻimi iā ia, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i loaʻa. He mea kupanaha iā mākou ua hele hewa ʻo ia ma kahi mamao aku mai kahi hoʻomoana, a ma ka liʻiliʻi ua manaʻo wau ua hiki mai kekahi mea ʻino iā ia. Me ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi lita o ka wai, ua hoʻoholo wau e noho me Don Lalo i hoʻokahi pō hou ma La Planilla, a ua haʻi wau i nā alakaʻi e hoʻi i ka pā holoholona me nā lio e noi i ke kōkua a hoʻopiha hou iā mākou i ka wai.
I kekahi lā aʻe, i ke kakahiaka nui, wehe au i kahi kini kulina e inu ai ka wai, a ma hope o kekahi manawa ua walaʻau hou wau iā Silvestre, a i kēia manawa ua pane ʻo ia, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona ala!
Ma hope mai ua hōʻea kekahi o nā alakaʻi ma ka lio me 35 lita o ka wai; Ua inu mākou i kā mākou piha, hūnā mākou i kahi ala o ka wai i loko o nā pōhaku o ka puʻuhonua a haʻalele iā Form. ʻO Arnoldo, ka mea nāna i lawe mai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a hele mai e kōkua iā mākou, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka pā holoholona ma kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, akā i loko o ke awāwa ua ʻike ʻo ia i kā mākou mau ala a huli hoʻi i hope.
ʻO ka hope loa, ma hope o ʻekolu a me ka hapalua hola, hoʻi mākou i ka pā hānai; Hāʻawi lākou iā mākou i kahi papa ʻaina i hoʻonanea, a no laila, hōʻoluʻolu a mālie, ua hoʻopau mākou i kā mākou huakaʻi.
OLELO HOOLAHA
ʻO ke kūlana lahilahi a mākou e noho nei i ka Devil's Canyon, kahi wahi mamao loa mai nā hōʻoluʻolu maʻamau, i aʻo mai iā mākou i kahi haʻawina nui e pono ai e ʻike: ʻoiai he nui ko mākou ʻike ma ke ʻano he huakaʻi hele, pono mākou e hana i nā hana palekana loa. I nā kūlana like, pono e hāpai mau i ka wai ma mua o kou manaʻo he pono ʻoe, a me kahi whist e hoʻolohe ai iā ʻoe inā e nalowale ʻoe, akā ʻaʻole loa, akā, mai waiho i kekahi o nā lālā o kahi huakaʻi hele wale a nalowale paha iā lākou.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike mākou i ko mākou ʻiʻo ponoʻī i ka ʻehaʻeha a ko mākou mau kūpuna i ʻike ai, i hoʻokau ʻia i ka makemake o ke kūlohelohe, i kā lākou paio i kēlā me kēia lā e ola i kēia mau ʻāina semi-ʻāpana me nā ʻano pilikia paʻakikī. Malia paha e hala ke kuʻuna e ola i ke kanaka prehistoric i koi ʻia, i kona hoʻomaka ʻana, e hoʻohana i nā hōʻike pōhaku e like me nā kuhikuhi ʻāina e hōʻike ai i ke kū ʻana o ka wai, a ma hope e mālama i kahi moʻohelu o ke kaʻina o nā kau a wānana i ka hōʻea ʻana o ke kau makemake ua, e hōʻike ana ma luna o nā pōhaku i kahi cosmology paʻakikī ma o nā mea āna i hoʻāʻo ai e wehewehe i nā hanana kūlohelohe i pakele i kona ʻike a i kāhea ʻia i kahi ala hoʻolauleʻa. No laila, ua hopu ʻia kona ʻuhane, ka manaʻo a me ka hihiʻo o ka honua i nā kiʻi ma luna o nā pōhaku, nā kiʻi, i nā manawa he nui, nā hōʻike wale nō a mākou e pili ana i kā lākou ola ʻana.
