ʻO ke kai he alahaka kamaʻilio koʻikoʻi no ka lāhui. No nā kenekulia, ʻo ka Moana ʻAkelanika wale nō ka loulou ma waena o ka Old and New World.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika, ua lilo ke awāwa ʻo Mekiko i wahi nui no ka hoʻokele ʻEulopa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hele mai mai ke kūlanakauhale nui o Sepania. ʻO nā moku mua i hana i kēia keʻa, he caravels a me nā galleons. Ua hālāwai ka hapa nui o kēia mau moku i ka wai o Mekiko.
ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā makaʻi i kū i kahi moku i ʻaʻa e hele i ke kai wale nō. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli paha ia o kēlā mau manawa nā ʻino a me nā hoʻouka kaua a nā pōā, nā corsairs a me nā buccaneers, i hōʻea i nā waiwai mai ʻAmelika mai. I ka hoʻāʻo nui e pale aku i kāna mau moku ʻelua a me nā waiwai a lākou i hali ai, ua hana ʻo Sepania i ke kenekulia 16 i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele koʻikoʻi o ka manawa: nā ʻauwaʻa.
I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāono, ua kauoha ke kalaunu e haʻalele i nā ʻauwaʻa makahiki ʻelua, ʻo ia ʻo Nu Sepania a me kā Tierra Firme, i pale ʻia e nā mokualiʻi aliʻi. ʻO ka mea mua i haʻalele iā ʻApelila no ke Kahawai ʻo Mexico a ʻo ka lua i ʻAukake no ka Isthmus o Panama. Ua pono lāua i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAmelika a hoʻi i nā lā paʻa e hoʻohana ai i ke anilā maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua kōkua kēia i nā hoʻouka kaua a nā ʻenemi, ka poʻe i hoʻopunipuni iā lākou iho i nā wahi kōkuhi a hoʻohālua i nā hoʻouka kaua a me nā buccaneers, aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe i hiki ai i kahi moku a i ʻole nāʻauwaʻa ke piholo, e like me ka hemahema o ka mākau a me ka pololei ʻole ma nā palapala ʻāina a me nā mea hoʻokele.
ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe nā ahi a i ʻole nā pahū i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pauda i lawe ʻia ma luna o ka moku, a me ka nalo ʻana o ka maikaʻi ma nā waʻa a me nā luina i kū i nā makahiki i hala.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kahawai ʻo Mexico ma nā pakuhi a me nā palapala hoʻokele o nā kenekulia 16 a me 17 i kākau inoa ʻole i nā hoʻololi nui. Ua hoʻomau ʻia nā mokupuni kokoke iā Yucatan i kahi ala i hoʻonui ʻia a hiki i ke kenekulia 18, malia paha i mea e makaʻala ai i nā luina o ka pōʻino i loaʻa iā lākou, ʻoiai paʻakikī ka hoʻokele ʻana ma ia wahi no ka loaʻa o nā kī a me nā ʻākala. Nā kahawai o ke Kai Kūʻono, nā cyclones a me nā ʻākau a me nā wai pāpaʻu kokoke i ke kahakai. Ua bapetizo nā luina i kekahi mau pali me nā inoa e like me "take-sleep", "open-eyes" a me "salt-if-you can."
PIRATE, CORSAIRS AND BUCANERS. Ke hoʻolaha nei nā ala hoʻouna ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻonui nā pōā, nā corsairs, a me nā buccaneers i kā lākou mau ʻoihana o ka hana pū kekahi. ʻO kāna mea nui e pono ai e ʻike i kahi mokupuni a i ʻole kahi kai kūʻono kahi e hoʻokumu ai i kāna kumu, e hiki ai ke hoʻoponopono i kāna mau moku a hāʻawi iā ia iho i nā mea āpau e pono ai kāna hoʻouka kaua. ʻO ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko kahi wahi kūpono ma muli o ka nui o nā mokupuni a me ka nui o ka holo o nā moku i kū i kēlā mau wai.
ʻO nā mea hoʻolaha kaulana ka poʻe Pelekania, ʻoiai nā ʻāina e like me Palani, Holland a me Pokukala i hāʻawi i kā lākou kōkua i ka powa o kēlā manawa. Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau powa e kā lākou aupuni, a i ʻole e nā aliʻi i kākoʻo iā lākou e mālama i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o ka waiwai pio ma hope.
ʻElua mau awa Mekiko i hōʻino loa ʻia ʻo San Francisco de Campeche a me Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. Ma waena o nā pōā i hana ma ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mexico ʻo John Hawkins a me Francis Drake, ka Dutchman ʻo Cornelio Holz i kapa ʻia ʻo "Pata de Palo", ka Cuban Diego "El Mulato", ʻo Laurens Graff ʻoi aku ka inoa ʻo Lorencillo a me ka Grammont kaʻao. Kū aʻe ke alo o Mary Read, kekahi o nā wahine i hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka powa, ʻoiai nā kapu i kū i kēlā manawa no nā wahine.
HOAO HOOPAU. I kēlā me kēia manawa kahi moku i wāwahi ʻia, nā luna kokoke loa a i ʻole ke kāpena o ka moku ponoʻī e hoʻonohonoho i nā hana hoʻopakele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wāwahi a me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā waʻa a me nā mea like e lawe i ka hana o ka hoʻōla e like me ka hiki. nalo ma kai Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe o lākou hopena maikaʻi ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hana ponoʻī a me ka palaho a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā luna Sepania. I nā manawa he hiki ke loaʻa hou kahi ʻāpana o nā pūkuniahi.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mea mau no nā poʻe o ka moku kūpina e ʻaihue i ka waiwai i hāpai ʻia e ia. Inā kū ka ulia ma kahi kokoke i ke kapakai, hele mai nā kamaʻāina e hoʻohana i kekahi ʻano, i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o nā ukana i lawe ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi a me ke gula a me ke kālā.
He mau mahina a mau makahiki paha ma hope o ke komo ʻana o kahi moku, ua hiki ke noi ʻia kahi palapala kūikawā mai ka lei aliʻi e ʻimi no kāna ukana. Ua lilo kēia i hana a ka Assentists. ʻO ka noho kahi ʻaelike a nā kuleana lehulehu e hāʻawi ai i nā poʻe pilikino ma waho o ka noho aliʻi. Ua hoʻohiki kēia kanaka e hoʻāla hou i ka waiwai i lū ʻia i ka pānaʻi no ka pākēneka.
ʻO kahi mea kōkua kaulana o ia manawa ʻo Diego de Florencia, he kamaʻāina Cuban nona ka ʻohana i lawelawe i ka mōʻī Sepania no nā hanauna he nui. Aia nā palapala i loko o ka Archive Parish o ka Hale Pule Nui o Havana e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o 1677 ua noi kēia kāpena i kahi ʻae e hoʻihoʻi i nā ukana o ka Galleon Nuestra Señora del Juncal, kekahi o nā moku nui ʻelua o ka New Spain Fleet o 1630. kauoha ʻia e Kāpena General Miguel de Echazarreta a nalowale i ke Campeche Sound i ka makahiki 1631. Ua noi aku ʻo ia i ka ʻae e ʻimi i kekahi moku i hoʻokahuli ʻia ma ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mexico, Apalache a me nā Mokupuni Windward. ʻIke ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kekahi mea.
KA MOKU O SPAIN HOU, 1630-1631. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoʻouna nui o ke au o ka noho kolona ka mea i kau pono ʻia ma luna o ka moku ʻo Fleet o New Spain i holo aku mai Cádiz i ka makahiki 1630, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Kāpena Echazarreta, a piholo i loko o nā wai naʻau i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope.
ʻO ka ʻike i loko o ka waihona o Mekiko, Cuba a me Sepania ua ʻae iā mākou e hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā hanana i puni i ka pōʻino i loaʻa i nā moku i hana i kēia ʻauwaʻa, e like me kona mau hae, nā galani i kapa ʻia ʻo Santa Teresa a me Nuestra Señora del Juncal. ʻO ka mea hope loa ka mea i makemake nui ʻia i waena o nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona waiwai a puni ka honua, e ʻimi wale nei i kona pono waiwai a ʻaʻole ka waiwai maoli ka ʻike mōʻaukala.
MOOLELO O KA MANAWA. ʻO Iulai 1630 ka manawa i holo aku ai ka New Spain Fleet mai ke awa o Sanlúcar de Barrameda me kahi huakaʻi hope loa i Veracruz, me kahi ukali i hana ʻia me ʻewalu mau galleona a me kahi patache.
Ma hope o ʻumikūmālima mau mahina ma hope, i ke kau o ka makahiki 1631, ua haʻalele ka New Spain Fleet iā San Juan de Ulúa no Cuba e hui me ka Tierra Firme Fleet a e hoʻi pū i ka Continent Old.
I kekahi mau lā ma mua o kona haʻalele ʻana, ua make ʻo Kāpena Echazarreta a ua hakahaka ʻia e Admiral Manuel Serrano de Rivera, a ʻo ka Nao Nuestra Señora del Juncal, ka mea i hele mai ma ke ʻano Kāpena, ua hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo Admiral.
ʻO ka hope loa, i ka Pōʻakahi, ʻOkakopa 14, 1631, ua holo nā ʻauwaʻa i ke kai. I kekahi mau lā ma hope, ua alo ia i ke kūkulu ʻākau a lilo i ʻino weliweli, a ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā moku. Ua piholo kekahi, ua holo kekahi a paʻa kekahi a hiki i nā kapakai kokoke.
Hōʻike nā hōʻike a me nā palapala i nā waihona aupuni a me nā waihona haole e lawe i nā mea i hoʻopakele ʻia i San Francisco de Campeche a mai laila aku a hiki i Havana, e hoʻi i ko lākou ʻāina me ka Tierra Firme Fleet, i koe ma Cuba e kali ana na moku poino.
KA HALEKUAI O KA HONUA. Me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua lilo kēlā me kēia moku i kū i ka wai o ke awāwa ʻo Mexico i ʻaoʻao i ka mōʻaukala e pili ana i ka archeology o ka wai e noiʻi ai.
ʻO nā moku e moe ana i ka wai Mekiko piha i nā mea huna e ʻike a me nā waiwai i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hana kēia iā Mekiko i kekahi o nā ʻāina me kekahi o nā hoʻoilina moʻomeheu waiwai nui loa o ka honua, a hāʻawi iā ia i ke kuleana e pale a nānā iā ia ma ke ʻano ʻepekema a me ka ʻōnaehana e kaʻana like ai me nā kānaka āpau.
