Nui nā ʻano cacti i koe ʻole ma Mekiko; na mea e ae e nalo ana.
E like me nā ʻohana like ʻole o flora Mekiko, ua make pū kekahi ʻo cacti ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻepekema iā lākou a ʻike i ko lākou ʻano he nui; ua pau nā lāhui he nui me ka ʻike ʻole i ka waiwai a mākou i nalo ai me ko lākou nalowale. I ka hihia o cacti, koʻikoʻi loa kēia, ʻoiai ke kānalua ʻia nei ko lākou hiki i ka hoʻokele waiwai, aʻo liʻiliʻi i aʻo ʻia, nui loa.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano he nui e waiwai i nā alkaloid. ʻAʻole i emi ʻo Peyote ma lalo o 53 alkaloids - mescaline kekahi o lākou. ʻO kēia nā hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana e Dr. Raquel Mata lāua ʻo Kauka MacLaughling, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o 150 mau mea kanu o kēlā ʻohana. ʻIke ʻia ka pono lāʻau o kēia ʻano.
KA NOPAL, ENEMI O DIABETES
Hoʻohana pinepine kā mākou lāʻau lapaʻau i ka cacti. ʻO kahi laʻana: no nā kenekulia, hoʻohana pono nā mea hoʻōla i nā ʻano hypoglycemic o nopal i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kō; Eia nō naʻe, he manawa pōkole wale nō i hala aku nei, mahalo i ka hoʻomanawanui o nā mea noiʻi o ka Imss Unit no ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau Hou a me nā Lapaʻau Kuʻuna, ua ʻae ʻepekema kēia waiwai o ka cactus. Mai ia manawa, loaʻa i kahi Social Security kahi lāʻau hou, maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hakakā ai i ka maʻi diabetes: wai nopal lyophilized, pauka hoʻōla. ʻO kekahi laʻana: manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia kekahi mau lālā i loko o kā mākou mau wao akua e hoʻohana ai e hakakā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai; ʻOiaʻiʻo, waiwai kēia ʻano o ka cactus i nā antibiotic a me nā triterpenes.
CACTUS RADIOACTIVE?
Ma kahi kahua ʻokoʻa loa, ua aʻo ʻo Kauka Leia Scheinvar, mai ka UNAM Cactology Laboratory, i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia o ka cacti ma ke ʻano he bioindicators o nā metala i ka lepo o ka ʻāina. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki i kahi hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā kinona a me nā kala o ka cacti ke kuhikuhi i kahi kikoʻī o nā waihona metala. ʻIke nō ke kumu o kēia noiʻi. Ua nānā ʻo Kauka Scheinvar i ka nekrosis a me nā loli kala kūikawā i nā cacti he nui ma Zona del Silencio a me San Luis Potosí, nā wahi e waiwai ana i ka uranium. ʻO nā kamaʻilio hou me nā mea noiʻi mai ka German Democratic Republic, makemake nui i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu bioindicator, kau iā ia ma kēlā ala.
ʻIke ʻia ka hoihoi hoʻokele waiwai o ka cactus: ʻaʻole ia i kaupalena ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana e like me ka meaʻai a ke kanaka (ʻo kēia puke kuke ʻaʻole i emi ma lalo o 70 mau papa kuhikuhi) akā ma ke ʻano he meaʻai e mahalo nui ʻia ai; Ua kamaʻilio mua mākou e pili ana i kekahi o kāna hoʻohana lāʻau; ʻO ia ke kumu o nā shampoos, nā kalima a me nā mea hoʻonani ʻē aʻe; ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokipa o ka cochineal o ka ʻulaʻula, kahi kolo kahi i lawe ʻia ai kahi kala i ʻike koke i kahi boom hou ...
Pau kēia waiwai, ʻike ʻole ʻia, e nalowale nei. ʻOi aku ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana inā mākou e noʻonoʻo ʻo Mekiko ke kikowaena nui no ka ʻokoʻa o ka cacti ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna genera kahi wale nō e noho nei, no ka mea ma kahi o 1 000 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa e noho nei (ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻelua ka ʻohana āpau ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika).
NA "TOURISTS", HEI AKU OI MAU O KE KUPUA
Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Kauka Leia Scheinvar ʻekolu mau kumu nui o ka make ʻana o ka cacti: hānai ʻana, ʻo ka hapanui o nā kao, a, e like me kāna, "pono e hoʻopau ʻia mai Mexico mai; kōkua nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻolaha vegetative o cacti: wehe lākou i ke kākalaioa, ʻai i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pith a waiho i ke koena o nā mea kanu. Kupu mai kahi ʻōpuʻu hou mai kēlā ʻeha. Hoʻohana ka Kepanī i kahi ala like no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka globose cacti: hoʻokaʻawale lākou i ka ʻaoʻao luna a kāpili iā ia, ʻoiai ka hapa haʻahaʻa e hoʻonui i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā kao, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻai i ka mea kanu mai nā aʻa ”.
ʻO kekahi kumu nui kekahi o nā hana mahiʻai, ka nui o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ke ahi ʻana o nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa. I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā hopena o kēia mau kumuwaiwai ʻelua o ka luku, ua hāpai ʻo Dr. Scheinvar i ka papahana e hana i nā mālama cactus. Noi ʻo ia e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina no ka mālama ʻana i ka cacti ma nā wahi hoʻolālā a i ka manawa like "e hana ʻia kahi hoʻolaha ma waena o nā mahiʻai i mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou ʻāina ua hoʻomaopopo lākou i nā luna o nā mālama a hiki iā lākou ke hele e ʻohi i nā hōʻike. hoʻoweliweli ”.
ʻO ke kolu o nā hihia i hōʻike ʻia e Dr. Scheinvar, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hala ʻole a no laila ʻoi aku ka hōʻino: ka ʻaihue.
"ʻO ka pōā Cactus ka mea pōʻino maoli." ʻO nā mea hōʻino loa "kekahi mau hui o nā mākaʻikaʻi i hele mai mai Switzerland, Kelemania, Iapana, Kaleponi. , me kahi kumu i wehewehe pono ʻia: e hōʻiliʻili i ka cacti. Alakaʻi ʻia kēia mau pūʻulu e ka poʻe e lawe i nā papa inoa o nā wahi like ʻole a me nā lāhui a lākou e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia. Ua hōʻea ka pūʻulu mākaʻikaʻi i kahi pūnaewele a lawe i nā kaukani cacti he mau tausani; haʻalele ia a hōʻea i kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, kahi e hana ai i kāna hana a pēlā aku. He pōʻino ia ".
ʻO Manu Rivas, kahi hōʻiliʻili cactus, haʻi iā mākou "ʻaʻole i hala aku nei ua hopu lākou i kahi hui o nā cactologists Iapana i hele mua mai me nā palapala ʻāina o nā wahi o ka cactological hoihoi nui loa. Ua hōʻiliʻili lākou i kahi nui o nā succulents ma nā wahi like ʻole a puni ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻopaʻahao ʻia lākou a ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kanu i hopu ʻia i nā hui like ʻole o Mekiko ”. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau huakaʻi i loko o nā "cactus friends sociities" like ʻole ma ʻEulopa.
KE KUMU HIKU, KĀKOU “PUA MAU LOA”
ʻO nā looters kekahi mau mea kālepa pua: hele lākou i nā wahi kahi e ulu ai ka cacti me ka waiwai ʻoi loa ʻoihana kālepa a holoi i nā lehulehu āpau. "I kekahi manawa," wahi a Kauka Scheinvar, "ua ʻike mākou ma kahi kokoke i Tolimán, ma Querétaro, kahi mea kanu o kahi ʻano laha loa i manaʻo ʻia ua make ma ka ʻāina. Hauʻoli me kā mākou loaʻa, ua kūkākūkā mākou me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o kekahi manawa ma hope mai, ua haʻi mai kahi haumāna aʻu e noho ana ma ia wahi ua hiki mai kahi kalaka i kekahi lā a lawe i nā mea kanu a pau. Ua hana wau i kahi huakaʻi kūikawā e hōʻoia wale i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a he ʻoiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou kahi mana hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka mea wale nō e mālama nei i nā ʻano cactus he nui ka hoʻokaʻawale kahi i noho ai nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina. Pono mākou e ʻike he kumu kēia kūlana, no ka hapa nui, i ko mākou makemake ʻole i ka cacti. Ua ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o kekahi mau ʻano Mekiko ma mua o $ 100 ma kahi ʻē; Uku pinepine nā mea kanu pua i $ 10 no ke kau o 10 mau hua cactus Mekiko. Akā ma aneʻi, no ka mea ua maʻa paha mākou i ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou, makemake mākou, e like me kā Mr. Rivas i ʻōlelo ai, "he viole ʻApelika, no ka mea he ʻApelika ia, e ulu ana i kahi cactus".
Hōʻike ākea ʻia kēia hoihoi ʻole i nā ʻōlelo a kekahi poʻe kipa o kā Mr. Rivas hōʻiliʻili: "ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka poʻe e kipa mai iaʻu ke kahaha i ka nui o nā cacti a lākou e ʻike ai ma aneʻi a nīnau lākou iaʻu no ke aha wau e mālama nei i nā nopales he nui. "ʻAʻole lākou he nopales," pane wau, "he mau mea kanu o nā ʻano he nui." "ʻAʻole," haʻi mai lākou iaʻu, "noʻu nei he poʻe nopales lākou āpau."
MANUEL RIVAS, KOA HOA
ʻO Mr. Manuel Rivas ʻoi aku ma mua o 4,000 cacti ma luna o ka hale o kona hale. ma ke kaiāulu ʻo San Ángel Inn. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o kāu hōʻiliʻili. ʻO kekahi mea nui i ka ʻāina ʻo ia ke kuko i hala he 20 mau makahiki. He mea kupaianaha kāna hōʻiliʻili ʻana no kāna nui wale - hoʻopili ʻia, ma kahi laʻana, ʻelua hapakolu o ka laha o ka genus Mammillaria, ka mea i piha, ma kahi o 300 - akā no ka hoʻonohonoho pono a me ka mokuʻāina hoʻi i loaʻa ai kēlā me kēia mea kanu, a hiki i ka specimen liʻiliʻi loa. Hāʻawi nā ʻohiʻohi ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻepekema iā ia me ka mālama o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona. Ma ka UNAM Botanical Garden, hoʻolimalima ʻo Mr. Rivas i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā i kēlā me kēia pule e mālama ana i ka hale o ke aka o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Cactology.
ʻO ia iho e haʻi iā mākou i ka moʻolelo o kāna hōʻiliʻili: "Ma Sepania ua loaʻa iaʻu kekahi cacti ma ke ʻano he mau mea kanu laha ʻole. A laila hele mai wau i Mekiko a loaʻa iā lākou i ka nui. Kūʻai mai wau i kekahi. I koʻu wā i hoʻomaha ai ua hoʻonui wau i ka hōʻiliʻili a kūkulu i hale kōmahana: kūkulu wau i nā mea kanu hou aku ma laila a hoʻolaʻa iaʻu iho i ke kanu ʻana. ʻO ka mea hōʻike mua i kaʻu hōʻiliʻili he Opuntia sp., I hānau ʻia ma kaʻu māla. Loaʻa wau iā ia, ʻoi aku no nā kumu sentimental ma mua o nā mea āpau. Ma kahi o 40 pākēneka i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e aʻu; Ua kūʻai aku au i ke koena a i ʻole nā ʻohiʻohi ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi mai iaʻu.
"ʻO ka mea hoihoi iaʻu i cacti ko lākou kinona, ke ʻano o ko lākou ulu ʻana. Hauʻoli wau i ka hele ʻana i ke kula e nānā iā lākou a ʻike i kekahi o kaʻu loaʻa ʻole. ʻO ia ka mea e hana me kēlā me kēia mea hōʻiliʻili: e ʻimi mau ana i nā mea hou aku, inā ʻaʻole ia he wahi hou. Ua lawe mai au i ka cacti mai Querétaro, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca… ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻōlelo ʻana mai kahi mai hea; ʻAʻole au i hele i Tamaulipas, a i ʻole Sonora, a i ʻole Baja Kaleponi. Manaʻo wau ʻo ia wale nō nā mokuʻāina aʻu e kipa aku ai.
"Ua ʻimi au i nā mea kanu ma Haiti, kahi i loaʻa ai iaʻu hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano, ʻo Mammillaria prolifera, a ma Peru, kahi i lawe mai ai i kahi ʻano Lobivia mai nā kapakai o Lake Titicaca. Ua mākaukau wau ma Mammillarias, no ka mea ʻo ia ka genus nui nui ma Mekiko. Hōʻiliʻili hoʻi au mai nā moʻokūʻauhau ʻē aʻe, e like me Coryphanta, Ferocactus, Echinocactus; ʻaneʻane nā mea āpau koe ʻo Opuntia. Lana koʻu manaʻo e hōʻiliʻili i 300 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa o Mammillaria, ʻo ia hoʻi kokoke i ka genus holoʻokoʻa (e waiho ʻia nā mea mai Baja Kaleponi, no ka mea ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o Mexico City paʻakikī loa lākou i ka mahi ʻana).
"Makemake au e ʻohiʻohi i nā ʻanoʻano, no ka mea, manaʻo wau he ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā mea kanu i ulu i koʻu hale kōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o nā mea i ulu mua mai ke kula. ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka noho ʻana ma kahi ʻē. I nā manawa he nui ʻohi au i nā ʻanoʻano; i kekahi manawa hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha papahele. Makemake wau e hele i waho i ke kula e mahalo wale ai iā lākou, no ka mea ʻohi wale wau i ka hihia o ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi ʻano, no ka mea ʻaʻohe oʻu wahi e waiho ai iā lākou. Mālama wau i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau mea kanu o kēlā me kēia ʻano ”.
ʻO kahi hōʻiliʻili botanical e like me ka nui a Mr. Rivas 'koi nui i ka mālama: pono i kēlā me kēia mea kanu ke loaʻa, no ka laʻana, kahi nui o ka wai; hele mai kekahi mai nā wahi maloʻo loa, kekahi mai nā wahi me ka wai kiʻekiʻe. E hoʻoinu iā lākou, lawe ka mea ʻohiʻohi i hoʻokahi lā i kēlā me kēia pule, ka manawa like e hoʻouluulu ai iā lākou, ʻoiai e hana pinepine ʻia ka liʻiliʻi, ʻelua wale nō i ka makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻāina kahi hana holoʻokoʻa e hoʻomaka me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻāina ma ka wahi lua pele ʻo Popocatépetl a ma ka Iturbide Dam, 60 mau mile mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mexico. ʻO ke koena, e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana, pili mua i ke ʻano o ka mea hōʻiliʻili.
HE MAU HELE OPTIMISTIKA
Ma waena o nā mea kanu i hao wale ʻia i kēia lā ʻo Solicia pectinata a me Turinicarpas lophophoroides, akā e nānā i nā hihia ʻelua i hoʻohuli ʻia ai ke ʻano maʻamau. LaMammillaria sanangelensisera nui loa i nā māla pele o ke kūlanakauhale hema o Mekiko, no laila kona inoa. Minamina, hoʻopuka kēia mea kanu i lei aliʻi nani loa o Kēkēmapa i Kekemapa (ma mua ʻo Mammillaria elegans). ʻO nā limahana o kahi hale hana pepa a me nā poʻe noho ʻē aʻe i kahi i hōʻiliʻili iā ia e kāhiko i kā lākou mau lā hānau Kalikimaka. Ke pau nā lā nui, hoʻolei ʻia ka mea kanu. ʻO ia kekahi kumu o kona nalowale ʻana. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe ka noho kūlanakauhale Pedregal; Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Mammillaria sanangelensis; Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Kauka Rublo, mai ka Unam Cactology Laboratory, iā ia iho e hana kope i kēia mea kanu ma o ka ʻōnaehana hoihoi o ka moʻomeheu kikoʻī, kahi e hoʻonui ai kekahi mau hunaola i kahi kanaka hou, me nā ʻano like me kēlā. mai ka specimen mai kahi e lawe ʻia ai nā hunaola. Aia ma mua o 1,200 Mammillaria sanangelensis, e hoʻopili hou ʻia i loko o kā lākou kūlohelohe.
Ua ʻimi lōʻihi ʻia ʻo Mammillaria herrera no kāna waiwai kāhiko, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia i ka make o ka make, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa mai ka wā i wehewehe ʻia ai. Ua ʻike ʻia ia no ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i nā greenhouse ʻEulopa - a i loko paha o kekahi mau hōʻuluʻulu Mekiko - akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO Kauka Meyrán, kahi loea i ka cacti makaʻu a me ka hoʻoponopono o ka Revista Mexicana de Cactología, i ʻimi aku iā ia no ʻelima mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. Ua loaʻa kahi hui o nā haumāna UNAM iā ia i ka puna o 1986. “Ua haʻi mai ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ia wahi iā mākou e pili ana i ka mea kanu; kapa lākou ia he "pōpō wili." Hoʻomaopopo mākou iā ia i nā kiʻi. Ua hāʻawi kekahi e hele pū me mākou i kahi o koʻu ulu ʻana. Ma hope o ʻelua mau lā o ka ʻimi ʻaneʻane mākou e hāʻawi i ka wā i alakaʻi ai kahi keiki iā mākou i kahi kūpono. Hele mākou i ʻeono mau hola. Ma mua o ko mākou hala loa ʻana i kahi, akā ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka puʻu ”. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia mea kanu hōʻikeʻike ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o ke Kulanui ʻo Cactology Laboratory a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo koke ʻia lākou.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 130 / Kekemapa 1987
