ʻO ka mokupuni ʻo Guadalupe kekahi o ka mamao loa mai ka moku ʻāina ʻo Mekikoka. ʻO ka nui o nā pōhaku pele o nā nui like ʻole i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kāna panalāʻau, hōʻike i ke kumu o ka lua pele.
I ke kenekulia i hala, ua kipa ʻia ka mokupuni e nā naturalists a me nā adventurer, ka mea i ka nānā ʻana i nā ululāʻau nui me ka noe, ka nui o nā ʻano manu a me nā momona o kāna mau kahiki i hāʻawi iā ia i inoa kapakapa o "Paradise Paradise".
KAHI O PIRATE A ME KE kohola
Ua lilo ʻo Guadalupe i puʻuhonua no ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi a me nā pōā i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi e hoʻolako i ka wai a me ka ʻiʻo no kā lākou holo lōʻihi. He kahua nui nō hoʻi ia no nā poʻe koholā, i hoʻomoana ma laila mau e ʻike i nā sila a me nā liona kai i nui ma ia wahi. I kēia manawa, aia nō he mau mōʻī o kēlā mau malihini kipa a me nā kamaʻāina o ka mokupuni, ʻoiai ma ke kahakai hikina he mau koena o nā Indut Aleut i lawe ʻia e nā moku Lūkini no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona kai i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei. Pēlā nō, aia kekahi pōhaku ma ka mokupuni kahi i kākau ʻia ai nā inoa o nā kāpena a me nā moku i kipa aku iā ia; a ma kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā kaʻao mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa.
KA FLORA O GUADALUPE I KA HOPE MAU O KA HOLO ANA
Ma muli o ke kūlana ʻāina o ka mokupuni, anuanu ke aniau a hōʻea ka ua i ka hoʻoilo. A ʻo ia ka manawa i loko o nā awāwa e lūlū nā hua o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i nā wahi liʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia e nā pōhaku.
Ma kahi o ke kenekulia i hala aku nei aia nā ululāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma nā mauna o ka ʻaoʻao hema, e pili ana i kēia mau awāwa a i kekahi o lākou he mau ʻano kū hoʻokahi i ka honua e like me ka juniper Guadalupe, nona ka mea hope loa i make i ka makahiki 1983.
I kēia manawa, ua nalowale kekahi mau ʻano mea kanu i hana i kēlā mau ululāʻau a ua lilo nā awāwa o ka mokupuni i mau kula ākea o nā mea kanu i hoʻolauna ʻia e ke kanaka nāna i hoʻoneʻe i nā mea kanu kumu, no ka mea he nui lākou. kahu hānai, hoʻokūkū ikaika aku, a hoʻopau i ka lawe ʻana i kahi o nā lāhui ʻōiwi. ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe o ka hana luku a ke kanaka.
Inā ka hopena o nā mea kanu i nā hopena weliweli loa, ʻoi aku ia o nā holoholona hānai, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma Australia me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā lāpaki i kāna pīpī. A e like me kēlā ʻāina, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā moku kohola o nā lāhui like ʻole i kahi heluna o nā kao ma ka mokupuni ʻo Guadalupe e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻiʻo hou. ua hoʻonui ka lehulehu o nā kao a i loko o kahi manawa pōkole ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i hiki ke lawe ʻia i loko o kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau ruminants he mea nui ia i ka makahiki 1860 i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana kalepa.
Ma muli o kēia hanana, ua nalowale ʻo Guadalupe i ka hapalua o kāna lau nahele; A e like me nā mea kanu a pau ma ka mokupuni, ʻaʻole i pakele ka nahele i ka voracity o nā kao. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala ua uhi ia i kahi o 10,000 ha a i kēia lā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku kona hoʻolōʻihi ma mua o 393 ha, ʻo ia hoʻi i kēia lā aia ma lalo o 4% o ka wahi ulu lāʻau maoli.
ʻO kekahi ʻano mea kanu ma ka mokupuni he hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa lākou ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, e like me nā hihia o ka lāʻau ʻoka, ka lāʻau pāma a me ke kaʻe o Guadalupe. ʻO nā mea kanu i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka ʻoka Guadalupe ka mea kanalua ʻole i kēia manawa e lilo i ka make, ʻoiai aia he 40 mau hiʻohiʻona i hala ʻole ka hapanui o lākou i hana hou ʻole ʻia. ʻIke ʻia ka pāma i nā pā liʻiliʻi a me ke kūlana ʻilihune loa, no ka mea hoʻohana nā kao i nā pahu e ʻoka iā lākou iho, a ua lilo ka thallus a lahilahi a nāwaliwali i ka hopena o ka makani. Hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ka nahele ʻo Guadalupe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua kenekulia ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia kahi kumulāʻau hou aʻe no ka mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o kahi hua ma mua o ke kao e ʻai ai.
ʻO ka lono hou loa mai ka mokupuni kahi maʻi: mai 168 mau mea kanu ʻōiwi, ma kahi o 26 i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka makahiki 1900, a ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia ai i ko lākou luku ʻia. ʻO ke koena, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona no ka mea ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi hiki ʻole i nā kao a i nā mokupuni e pili ana me Guadalupe.
NA MANU O KA MOKUPUNI, HE MELE KUPONO
ʻO ka lahilahi o nā kumulāʻau i loko o ka ululāʻau ua koi aku i kekahi ʻano manu e pūnana ma ka honua, kahi e maʻalahi ai lākou i ka nui o nā pōpoki e noho nei i ka nāhelehele. ʻIke ʻia ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau pōpoki ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelima mau ʻano manu maʻamau o ka mokupuni, a i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ma Guadeloupe a i ʻole ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua e hiki ai iā mākou ke loaʻa ka caracara, ka petrel a me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe i nalo i kēlā me kēia makahiki. mai ka paradaiso pio o kēia mokupuni.
NA MAMALIMA ANA WALE MA KA MOKUPUNI
I ke kau hoʻoilo, uhi ʻia nā kahakai one a me nā pōhaku me ka mammal kaulana loa ma ka mokupuni: ka sila ʻelepani. No nā mokupuni ʻo Kaleponi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kēia holoholona e hānau ma kēia mokupuni ma ka Pākīpika Mekiko.
I ke kenekulia i hala, ua hōʻeha ʻia kēia mau holoholona nunui i nā moku kohola, a ʻo ka luku ʻana he mea ia i ka makahiki 1869 ua manaʻo ʻia ua pau lākou, akā i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 i loaʻa kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ma ka mokupuni, ʻoiai aia ma Guadeloupe. kahi i ola ai ka heluna sila elepani. I kēia lā hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma nā mokupuni he nui ma ka Pākīpika ʻĀkau a me Mexico.
ʻO kekahi waiwai waiwai nui o ka mokupuni ʻo ia ka hulu hulu o Guadalupe, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ua make ma muli o nā luku nui i hana ʻia iā ia i ke kenekulia i hala no ka waiwai kalepa o kona huluhulu. I kēia manawa, ma lalo o ka pale o ke aupuni Mekiko, ke ola nei kēia ʻano.
KEKAHI MAU KOA I KA MAKEMAKE O KA HUI O KA MOKUPUNI
Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi waiwai olaola nui, he waiwai nui kā ka Moku'āina Guadalupe. A ʻoiai ke kuleana nui o ka mokupuni e hoʻoholo nui ʻia e kāna hoʻohana ʻana, i ka 1864 ua hoʻouna ke aupuni ʻo Mekiko i kahi pūʻali koa e pale aku iā ia mai nā hoʻouka haole. I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia kēia pūʻali koa ʻelima i nā ʻāpana koa pēpē i puʻunaue ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mokupuni, a ua hōʻoia ʻia hoʻi kona kūʻokoʻa e ke kū ʻana o kahi kolone o nā lawaiʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka ula a me ka abalone, nā huahana i maikaʻi loa. koi i kahi ʻē.
Ma waho aʻe o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua biological, ʻo 140 mile mai ke kahakai o Baja Kaleponi, hoʻonui ka mokupuni i 299 mile a me kā mākou wahi hoʻokele waiwai ponoʻī, a ʻae kēia iā Mexico e hoʻohana i kona kūleʻa e mākaʻikaʻi a ʻimi i nā kumuwaiwai kai loko o kēia wahi.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa kēia mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa, pono wale mākou e noʻonoʻo ʻo ka mokupuni kekahi o kā mākou hoʻoilina kūlohelohe. Inā mākou e luku, ʻaʻole wale ka lilo no ka poʻe Mekiko, akā no nā kānaka āpau. Inā mākou e hana i kekahi mea no ia, ʻo ia paha ka "paradaiso biolo" i loaʻa e nā naturalists o ke kenekulia i hala.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 210 / ʻAukake 1994
