Mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, ua puka ka amber a me ka cacao mai Chiapas ma ke ala e kahe ana ma ka muliwai ʻo Grijalva, a ua hōʻea ka jade a me ka obsidian; I ka wā o ka noho kolone, ua hana ʻia nā hana kuʻuna civila a hoʻomana haipule ma kēia ala.
Ma Chiapas aia nā koena o kahi ala kahiko, i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, i hele mai ka Central Depression o ua mokuʻāina nei i nā Highlands o Guatemala; Puka ʻo Chiapaneco amber a me ka koko i kēlā ala a hōʻea ʻo Guatemalan jade a me obsidian. ʻO kahi mea moʻomeheu i ʻike mua i nā poʻe o ia wahi ka hana maʻamau o ka pahu a me ka ʻoki (kahi ʻano o ka ʻohe kani kiʻekiʻe), a ma loko o ke kolone i mālama ʻia a hui pū ʻia me nā mele o nā mahalo, a ʻo ia ʻoiai i kēia lā ke mau nei.
Ma waenakonu o ke kuhina nui, ʻo kēia Camino Real ka mea i huakaʻi nui ʻia ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki e holo ana mai ka waena o ka 16th a i ka 17th kenekulia. ʻO nā kaona "terminal" ʻo Chiapa de los Indios (i kēia lā ʻo Chiapa de Corzo) ma ka moku ʻo San Vicente de Chiapa, a me Guatemala City (i kēia lā ʻo Antigua, Guatemala), ma ka hikina. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ua hilinaʻi ʻo Chiapas i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko a hiki i ka makahiki 1544 a laila hala ma lalo o ka mana o ke Kāpena Kāpena Nui o Guatemala, ma ka Audiencia de los Confines. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona moʻomeheu i hoʻokaʻawale i kēia ʻāpana mai ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Colony i ka marimba, kahi mea pono e pili paha i ʻApelika, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau mana mua i Thailand. I kēia lā aia ʻelua mau papa hana hana kuʻuna e kūkulu i nā marimbas ma Venustiano Carranza, ʻo San Bartolomé de los Llanos kahiko, me nā hoʻopau marquetry nani (ʻae ʻia nā kipa!).
ʻO Camino Real ka mea i holo ma ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai Grijalva e hoʻomaka ana ma Chiapa de Corzo (me ka hale kolohe ʻo Santo Domingo, kahi e waiho nei i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Laca, a me nā hale pule ʻē aʻe); Ua hoʻomau ʻia ma o Acala, ka mea e mālama ana i kona hale pule mai 1590, a hoʻomau i Ostuta, nona nā luakini o kona mau paia e waiho wale ana; ʻO kēia mau kauhale ʻekolu no ka lāhui Chiapas, ua nalowale. ʻO kā "kipa" ʻo Ostuta (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hilinaʻi haipule) nā kaona ʻo Chiapilla a me Totolapa, kahi mea hana nui i ka amber.
ʻO ke kuhi hou aʻe ma ke ala ʻo San Bartolomé de los Llanos (i kēia lā ʻo Venustiano Carranza), kahi kaona ʻo Tzotzil mai ka wā ma mua o ka wā Columbian i kaulana no nā canvases pulupulu i hana ʻia ma ka ihona backstrap, kūpono no ke aniau wela, a ke hoʻohana mau ʻia nei i kēia lā. Hana ʻia lākou i ke ʻano kuʻuna (aia kahi hale hana i wehe ʻia i ka lehulehu). Aia kekahi wai wai viceregal hoihoi e pau i loko o kahi pahu wai a i ʻole ʻano ʻano punawai.
ʻO ka mea aʻe kahi kūlanakauhale ʻo Tzeltal ʻo Copanaguastla - i kēia lā kahi ranchería liʻiliʻi - a me kāna hale pule Plateresque haneli 16th hanohano, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka Renaissance, nona ka mea hoʻolālā, ʻo Fray Francisco de la Cruz, i hoʻolālā ʻia i kahi kaila ʻEulopa maʻemaʻe, me ka ʻole o nā ʻōiwi ʻōiwi; ka nani o kona alo a me ka nui o kona nave (72 m ka lōʻihi e 12 ākea a 20 kiʻekiʻe) e hoʻolilo iā ia i kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa o kēia ala. ʻO "Kipa" o ka mea ma mua ʻo Soyatitán, me kāna hale pule 16th kenekulia a me kahi kuahu kiʻi Mudejar.
Ma hope mai, aia nā kūlanakauhale ʻehā ma ka moku o nā Indian Coxoh (ʻo 20 mau kānaka wale nō i ola a ua nalowale kā lākou ʻōlelo kumu): Coapa, me nā wahi o nā hale pule o 16th kenekulia; ʻO Escuintenango (i kēia lā ʻo Colonia San Francisco), nona ka luakini o ke kenekulia like i hōʻino ʻia, akā nani; ʻO San José Coneta, me kāna hale pule 17st kenekulia kupaianaha e ʻae iā ʻoe e mahalo i nā helehelena kiʻekiʻe o mua me ka Hispanic motifs a me nā kiʻi pena ma stucco i ka puka o ka puka, a me kahi ʻono ma mua o Columbian; Pau ka ʻāpana Mekiko o kēia Camino Real ma Aquespala (i kēia lā ʻo Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez kaiāulu), me kāna hale pule i haʻalele ʻia. ʻO kēia mau koloneial kolepa maikaʻi loa ia: hoʻomanaʻo lākou i nā heluna o ka poʻe i kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā nani o ka wā i hala, i kēia lā ke waiho nei ka hale kūkulu i waena o nā kaona, mamao loa mai nā kauhale a me nā kamaʻāina.
ʻO ka papa hana kolona kolona koloneial i ʻike ʻia ma Jolentón, ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Chicomuselo, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he ala o kēia ala.
Ua hele wāwae ʻo Camino Real, ma ke kua o ka hoki a ma luna o ka lio, i nā manawa i nā litters - i ke ʻano o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka poʻe - a i kekahi manawa i kahi hammock, kahi hana ma mua o ka Hispanic hoihoi i hiki ai i ka mea huakaʻi nui ke noho ʻoluʻolu i kēia hana akamai. Ua helu ʻia nā lā e noho i ka pō i nā wahi me ka wahi kūpono e pono ai a me nā meaʻai no nā poʻe a me kā lākou holoholona. I kēlā mau lā ʻaʻohe poʻe mākaʻikaʻi; ʻo ka poʻe huakaʻi he poʻe kālepa, nā pule pule, a i ʻole nā limahana aupuni aupuni a i ʻole pūʻali koa; ʻAʻole i uku ka hope i nā lawelawe a me nā lako i loaʻa iā lākou, akā kau inoa i kahi puke kākau inoa a i ka hopena o ka makahiki i unuhi ʻia nā kālā mai nā ʻauhau a ke kaona i uku ai i nā luna viceregal.
Ma Escuintenango he lawelawe waʻa e hele i kēlā kapa o ka poʻe huakaʻi ma ka muliwai ʻo San Gregorio, a like ia ma Aquespala e hele i kēlā kapa o ka muliwai Agua Azul. ʻAʻau ʻia nā equine (i ʻole lākou e make make, hāpai ʻia ko lākou ihu mai ka moku me ke kaula). E hoʻolohe mākou i ka wehewehe a ka English Dominican Thomas Gage, ma kahi o 1626: "… hiki i ke awāwa ʻo Copanaguastla kahi aʻu i hauʻoli nui ai me nā haipule a me nā Indians a hoʻolauleʻa ʻia e like me nā loina o ka ʻāina i ʻike nui aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻai Epicurean ma mua o ka ʻEnelani a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o ʻEulopa. [I ke kahawai ʻo Grijalva] ʻaʻohe kāne a holoholona paha e hele i Guatemala i hiki ke komo i loko o laila, a i ʻole haʻalele iā Guatemala, koe wale nō ma ka waiho ʻia ʻana e ka moku. A ʻo ke ala e hoʻohana ākea ʻia a piha i nā huakaʻi, a e ka mea a lākou i kapa ai he bipi (ʻo kēlā me kēia pā he kanalima a kanaono paha nā miula), ʻo ka moku e hele i kēlā kapa o ka muliwai e hana nui i ka pō a me ke ao a hua mai ka nui o ke kālā no ka poʻe i ka hopena o ka makahiki. makahiki ... I ko mākou hele ʻana i ka muliwai, ua hele mua nā waʻa liʻiliʻi me mākou me nā mea hīmeni a me nā mea e hoʻokani ana i kā lākou pahu a me nā pū.
ʻO Copanaguastla i ke kenekulia 16th kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale nui ʻekolu ma Chiapas (ʻo nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ʻo Tecpatán a me Chiapa de los Indios), me kona poʻe 10,000 ma 1545; Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopau nā maʻi ʻino i lawe ʻia e ka Paniolo a i ka waena o ke kenekulia 17 ua noho wale ʻia e 10 ʻohana. ʻO ka mea like i hana ʻia ma nā kaona ʻē aʻe ma Camino Real, a ʻoiai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ulu ʻo Chiapa de los Españoles (i kēia lā ʻo San Cristóbal de Las Casas) a lilo i mea nui, ua haʻalele ʻia kā mākou Camino Real. I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 17, ua holo mua ke ala hou mai Chiapas a Guatemala ma Los Altos, e hele ana ma waena o Comitán.
ʻO nā kaona ma ka Camino Real kahiko, ʻo Chiapa de los Indios wale nō, ʻo Acala, a me San Bartolomé i ola e like me ia. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau he "gula honua" no nā archaeologists, ʻoiai ke ola pōkole o hoʻokahi kenekulia wale nō e ʻae i kekahi e ʻike ma waena o kona mau koena i ka wanaʻao o ke kolone me ka maopopo loa; ʻoiai ʻaʻohe vestiges o nā manawa hope i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, he ʻano snapshot lākou. (Kūlike ʻole i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ʻaʻole nānā ka poʻe kāhuna i nā mea kāhiko a i ʻole nā hana noʻeau no nā hale hōʻikeʻike, he hale kupapaʻu kā lākou mau waiwai a me nā ʻōpala ʻōpala kahiko, e ʻae ai iā lākou e ʻike pehea i ulu ai ka nohona o kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale)
Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka pono o ke kipa ʻana i nā wahi o ka Camino Real mua me kāna haumāna ʻepekema nui, ʻo ka archaeologist ʻo Thomas A. Lee Whiting (Chiapas ma hope o ka noho ʻana he ʻehā mau makahiki). Ke haʻalele nei i ka mokulele ma Ocozocuautla (ke kahua mokulele e lawelawe ana iā Tuxtla Gutiérrez), ua lawe pololei ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi kokoke iā Sima de las Cotorras, kahi ana hohonu me nā kiʻi ana o ke ana, a he mau lima kanaka ia e hiki ai iā mākou ke nānā i ka piʻi piʻi hoihoi. I ka lā aʻe ua haʻalele mākou no ke kahawai ʻo La Angostura, a ma ke ala e kahe ana ma luna o kona pale maka weliweli, hele mākou i ka muliwai Grijalva, a hiki i V. Carranza.
I ke ala i Copanaguastla, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi kuahiwi me nā wailele loloa ma kahi mamao, a ma kekahi mau ʻāpana e hāʻule pākū a i kekahi e iho vertiginously i lalo i ka pali kiʻekiʻe. ua hiki iā mākou ke kiʻi iā lākou ma o ke kaona i kapa ʻia ʻo San Cristobalito La Cascada a hiki iā mākou ke leʻaleʻa i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani e ana ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilomika ka lōʻihi: he paradaiso no nā mea hoʻomoana, nā mea hele wāwae, nā mea ʻenekini a me nā ʻauʻau kai ʻO nā loko wai he nui ʻole he wai ʻauʻau kūlohelohe ia. ʻO kēia hui o nā wailele, ʻaʻohe inoa inoa ʻia, e kiʻi ʻia ma ke ala e hele ai mai V. Carranza a Tzimol, kokoke i ke kaona hope.
Ma hope o kā mākou pahuhopu nui - nā hale pule o Camino Real–, ua hoʻopau mākou i kā mākou huakaʻi ma kahi pūnaewele nui ma kēlā ala i nā manawa ma mua o ka Hispanic: Lagartero, aia ma ka palena me Guatemala. Noho ʻia mai 200 BC. A hiki i ka makahiki 1523 AD, aia ʻo Lagartero ma kahi mokupuni e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kahawai a me nā ululāʻau chicozapote; ʻaʻole kūlike kona inoa: hoʻopiha ʻia ka wahi me nā moʻo. Aia kekahi mau punawai nani e hana i ka Lagos de Colón a me nā loko iʻa kūlohelohe kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻauʻau. ʻO ka ʻāpana archaeological he 165 mau hale, ʻelua mau pā kinipōpō, nā paia paʻa, temazcales, nā hana neaa a me ka wai i lalo a me kahi uapo!
Puna: Mekiko ʻAno ʻole No 287 / Ianuali 2001
