I kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o 24,000 km o ka pūnaewele kaʻaahi i pili i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana waiwai o Mekiko, e pili ana i ka ʻāina i ka ʻākau me ka palena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i ka hema me ka palena ʻo Guatemalan, a mai ka hikina a ke komohana a i ka Kahawai o Mexico me ka Pākīpika. ʻO kēia ka hopena o kahi kaʻina lōʻihi o ke kūkulu ʻana o ke alahao, hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nui o nā ʻae a me nā ʻano kū kānāwai me ke kau ʻana i nā laina me nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole.
ʻO ka laina kaʻaahi mua ma Mekiko ka Mekiko Alahao, me ke kapikala Pelekane, mai Mexico City a Veracruz, ma o Orizaba a me kahi lālā mai Apizaco a Puebla. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia, i kona holoʻokoʻa, e Pelekikena Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, i Ianuali 1873. I ka pau ʻana o 1876, ua hiki ka lōʻihi o nā laina kaʻaahi i 679.8 km.
I loko o ke kau mua o ke aupuni o Pelekikena Porfirio Díaz (1876-1880), ua hoʻoholomua ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o nā alahao ma o nā ʻae ʻana i nā aupuni mokuʻāina a me nā kānaka Mekiko, a me nā mea i lawelawe pololei ʻia e ka Mokuʻāina. Ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻana i nā aupuni mokuʻāina, kūkulu ʻia nā laina Celaya-León, Omestuco-Tulancingo, Zacatecas-Guadalupe, Alvarado-Veracruz, Puebla-Izúcar de Matamoros a me Mérida-Peto.
Ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻia i nā poʻe Mekiko, kū i waho nā laina Hidalgo Railroad a me nā laina Yucatan. Ma o ka hoʻoponopono pololei ʻana o ka Mokuʻāina, ka Esperanza-Tehuacán National Railway, ka Puebla-San Sebastián Texmelucan National Railway a me ka Tehuantepec National Railway. Ma hope, ua lilo ka hapa nui o kēia mau laina i ʻāpana o nā alahao nui o nā ʻāina ʻē, a i ʻole e hui pū me nā Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México i kekahi wā i hala.
I 1880, ʻekolu mau ʻae kaʻaahi koʻikoʻi i hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea hoʻopukapuka ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, me nā ʻano pono like ʻole no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana mai o nā waihona a me nā pono hana, i hāpai ai i ke Central Railroad, ka National Railway, a me nā International Railway. I ka pau ʻana o ka manawa mua o ke aupuni ʻo Díaz, i ka 1880, ʻo ka pūnaewele alahao ma lalo o ka mana pekelala ka 1,073.5 km o ke ala.
Ma hope mai, i loko o nā makahiki ʻehā o ke aupuni o Manuel González, ua hoʻohui ʻia he 4,658 km i ka pūnaewele. Ua hoʻopau ka Central i kāna ʻāpana iā Nuevo Laredo ma 1884 a ua holomua ka Nacional i kāna mau ʻāpana mai ka ʻākau a i ke kikowaena a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. I kēlā makahiki he 5,731 km o ke ala pūnaewele.
ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana o Porfirio Díaz a me kona paʻa mau i ka mana mai 1884 a 1910 i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke alahao a me nā pono hana no ka hoʻopukapuka haole. I 1890 9,544 km o ke ala i kūkulu ʻia; 13,615 km i ka makahiki 1900; a me 19,280 km ma 1910. ʻO nā alahao nui nā mea penei: Central Railroad, o ke kapikala nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻae i ka hui ʻo Biansy Achison, Topeka, Santa Fe. Ka laina ma waena o Mexico City a me Ciudad Juárez (Paso del Norte). Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1884 me kahi lālā i ka Pākīpika ma o Guadalajara a me kekahi i ke awa o Tampico ma o San Luis Potosí. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka lālā mua ma 1888 a ʻo ka lua ma 1890. Sonora Railroad, o ke kapikala nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka hana mai ka makahiki 1881, ua ʻae ʻia iā Achison, Topeka, Santa Fe. Laina mai Hermosillo a Nogales, palena me ʻAlikona. ʻO National Railroad, ke kapikala nui o ʻAmelika Hema, mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko a i Nuevo Laredo. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kona laina kumu i ka makahiki 1888. Ma hope, me ke kūʻai ʻana mai o ka South Michoacano Railroad, ua hoʻonui ʻia a hiki i Apatzingán a pili iā Matamoros ma ka ʻākau. Ua pau i ka holoʻokoʻa i 1898. International Railroad, o North American kapikala. ʻO ka laina mai Piedras Negras a Durango, kahi i hōʻea ai i 1892.
I ka 1902, he lālā kona iā Tepehuanes. ʻO Interoceanic Railroad, o ke kapikala ʻEnelani. Ke laina mai Mexico City a Veracruz, ma o Jalapa. Me ka lālā iā Izúcar de Matamoros a me Puente de Ixtla. ʻO Ferrocarril Mexicano del Sur, ʻae ʻia i nā lāhui, kūkulu ʻia me ke kapikala Pelekane. ʻO ka laina e hele aku mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Puebla a hiki i Oaxaca, e hele ana ma Tehuacán. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1892. I ka makahiki 1899, ua kūʻai mai i nā lālā mai Tehuacán a i Esperanza, mai ka Railway Mekiko. Alanui Alanui Komohana, o ke kapikala ʻEnelani. Ke laina mai ke awa o Altata a Culiacán ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Sinaloa. Ke Alanui Kaaahi ʻo Kansas City, Mexico a me Oriente o ke kapikala nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā kuleana mai Alberto K. Owen i ka makahiki 1899. Ka laina mai Topolobampo a i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kansas i hoʻokele wale i ka ala mai Ojinaga a hiki i Topolobampo, me ka hana a S.C.O.P. o ke Alanui Kaʻa Chihuahua-Pākīpika mai 1940 a 1961.
ʻO Ferrocarril Nacional de Tehuantepec mai ke awa o Salina Cruz ma ka Moana Pākīpika a hiki i Puerto México (Coatzacoalcos) ma ke kahawai ʻo Mexico. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa mua e ke kapikala mokuʻāina, ma 1894 ka firm English Stanhope, Hamposon a me Crothell i kuleana no ke kūkulu ʻana, me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. I ka makahiki 1889 ʻo Pearson lāua ʻo Son Ltd. ke kuleana o ia hana hou ʻana. Ua pili kēia hui like i ka makahiki 1902 me ke aupuni Mekiko no ka hana o ke alahao. I ka makahiki 1917, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻaelike a Pearson a ua lilo ke aupuni i ka laina, a ua hoʻohui ʻia me nā National Railways o Mexico ma 1924. Mekiko Pākīpika Mekiko, ke kapikala nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka laina mai Guadalajara a Manzanillo ma o Colima. Ua pau ia ma 1909. Ke Kai Hema o ka Pakipika Hema, o ka hui o ʻAmelika Hema Pakipika Hema. Huahana o ka anakahi laina maha. Haʻalele ia mai Empalme, Sonora, a hiki i Mazatlán i ka makahiki 1909. ʻO ka hope loa a hiki i Guadalajara i ka makahiki 1927.
Ferrocarriles Unidos de Yucatán, uku kālā ʻia e nā mea kālepa kūloko. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou i 1902 me nā alahao ʻokoʻa e kū nei ma ka peninsula. Ua noho kaʻawale lākou mai ke koena o nā laina kaʻaahi a hiki i 1958, me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lālā Mérida i Campeche a me kona pili me ke Alanui Kaapuni Hema. ʻO Pan-American Railroad, nona mua e ke kapikala US a me ke aupuni Mekiko i nā ʻāpana like. Hoʻohui ʻia ka palena me Guatemala, ma Tapachula a me San Jerónimo, me ka Nacional de Tehuantepec e hele ana ma waena o Tonalá. Ua pau ka hana ʻana i 1908. Ke Northwest Railway o Mexico, i ka hana ma 1910. Mai Ciudad Juárez a i La Junta i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Chihuahua. Ma hope ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka Chihuahua-Pākīpika, ka hema hikina o Mekiko, kahi ʻāpana o ke kikowaena waena o ka Pākīpika, ka penikala ʻo Baja Kaleponi, ka Chihuahua Sierra, kahi ʻāpana o Sonora a me nā wahi kikoʻī i kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina e waiho nei.
I 1908 ka National Railway o Mexico i hānau ʻia me ka hoʻohui o ka Central, ka National a me ka International (me nā alahao liʻiliʻi e pili ana iā ia: Hidalgo, Noroeste, Coahuila y Pacífico, Mexicano del Pacífico). Ua loaʻa i ka Nationals o Mekiko ka huina o 11,117 km o nā alahao ma ka ʻāina aupuni.
I ka makahiki 1910 ua hū ka Mekiko Revolution, kaua ma nā kaʻaahi. I ka wā o ke aupuni o Francisco I. Madero ua hoʻonui ka pūnaewele i 340 km. Ma ka 1917 ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana Tampico-El Higo (14.5 km), Cañitas-Durango (147 km), Saltillo al Oriente (17 km) a me Acatlán a Juárez-Chavela (15 km) i ka pūnaewele o Nationals of Mexico.
I ka 1918 ʻo ka pūnaewele rail ma lalo o ka mana pekelala ka nui o 20,832 km. ʻO nā mokuʻāina, no kā lākou ʻāpana, he 4,840 km. Na 1919 ua hoʻonui ka pūnaewele pekelala i 20,871 km.
Ma waena o 1914 a me 1925, ua kūkulu ʻia he 639.2 km mau ala aʻe, ua hāpai ʻia he 238.7 km, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi mau laina a ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā ala hou.
I ka makahiki 1926, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka Nationals o Mexico i ko lākou mau ona mua, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke Komisina no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka uku a me nā mea waiwai pohō. Ua loaʻa i nā mea kuleana pilikino ka pūnaewele Nationals me 778 km hou aʻe o nā alanui.
I ka 1929, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke Kōmike Hoʻonohonoho Hou o nā Alanui Aupuni, alakaʻi ʻia e Plutarco Elías Calles. I kēlā manawa, hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana o ke Alanui Sub-Pacific Railroad i hui pū me Nogales, Hermosillo, Guaymas, Mazatlán, Tepic a me Guadalajara. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua holomua i ka laina e uhi ana i nā mokuʻāina ʻo Sonora, Sinaloa a me Chihuahua.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1930, he 23,345 km o nā alanui o ka ʻāina. I ka 1934, me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o Lázaro Cárdenas i ka pelekikena o ka repubalika, ua hoʻomaka kahi pae hou o ke komo ʻana o ka Mokuʻāina i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻaahi, a ua hui pū ʻia me ka hana ʻana i kēlā makahiki like o ka hui ʻo Lineas Férreas SA, me ka manaʻo e loaʻa , e kūkulu a hana i nā ʻano laina kaʻaahi āpau a lawelawe i ka Nacional de Tehuantepec, Veracruz-Alvarado a me nā laina pōkole ʻelua.
I 1936 ka General Directorate o ke kūkulu ʻana o Ferrocarriles S.C.O.P. i hana ʻia, e mālama ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā laina kaʻaahi hou, a i ka 1937 ua lawe ʻia nā National Railways o Mexico ma ke ʻano he hui pono lehulehu.
ʻO ka ʻuhane kūkulu e hoʻolako i ka ʻāina me kahi kikowaena pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa - me kahi laʻana, nā wahi i waiwai nui ka waiwai ma hope o ke kau mua ʻana - hoʻomau ʻia i nā makahiki i hala. Mai 1939 a 1951, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā alahao hou e ka federation he 1,026 km, a ua loaʻa hoʻi i ke aupuni ka Alanui Alanui Mekiko, a lilo ia i hui aupuni lehulehu.
ʻO nā laina nui i kūkulu ʻia e ka federation ma waena o 1934 a me 1970 nā mea penei: ʻO Caltzontzin-Apatzingán Line ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Michoacán i ka Pākīpika. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1937. Sonora-Baja Kaleponi Railroad 1936-47. Hoʻomaka ia mai Pascualitos ma Mexicali, hele i ka wao akua ʻo Altar a hoʻohui iā Punta Peñasco me ka puʻu ʻo Benjamín Hill, kahi e pili ai ka South-Pacific Railroad. Alanui Hema Hikina Hema 1934-50. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ke awa o Coatzacoalcos i Campeche. Pili ia me ka States de Yucatán ma 1957 me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lālā Mérida-Campeche. Chihuahua al Pacífico Railroad 1940-61. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā laina i kū mai ka kenekulia 19 a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana hou, hoʻomaka ia ma Ojinaga, Chihuahua, a pau i ke awa o Topolobampo, Sinaloa. nā laina a me nā hōʻano hou ʻana o ke kelepona, keu hoʻi ma ka laina Mekiko-Nuevo Laredo.
Ma 1957 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Campeche-Mérida Railroad a kūkulu ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻo Izamal-Tunkás ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka States de Yucatán, a me Achotal-Medias Aguas e hoʻoponopono i nā kaʻa mai Veracruz a i ka Isthmus. I kēlā makahiki nō, ua hoʻomaka hou nā hana ma ke Alanui Aliʻi Michoacán el Pacífico, e haʻalele ana iā Coróndiro i ke awa o Pichi, kokoke i Las Truchas. Eia hou, ua pau ka lālā ʻo San Carlos-Ciudad Acuña, kahi e hoʻohui ai i kēlā kūlanakauhale palena ma Coahuila i ka pūnaewele aupuni.
I ka makahiki 1960, ua hui pū ka mokuahi Mekiko i nā Nationals o Mekiko. I ka 1964 aia he ʻumi mau mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe i nā alahao ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pūnaewele i 23,619 km, a nona ka 16,589 no nā Nationals o Mexico.
Ma 1965 ua lawe ka hui i ka Nacozari Railway. I 1968 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke Kōmike Hoʻohui Hoʻohui a hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu no ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā kaʻaahi aupuni. I ʻAukake o kēlā makahiki, ua hui pū ka Railroad Hikina Hema a me ka United Yucatan Railroad.
I Pepeluali 1970, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka laina mai Coahuila a Zacatecas i nā Nationals o Mexico, a i Iune ua loaʻa iā ia ka laina Tijuana-Tecate Railway, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia ai ka nationalization o nā alahao ma Mexico, kahi hana i hoʻomaka ʻia e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia. i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia. I kēlā makahiki nō hoʻi ua hōʻano hou ʻia ke ala a hoʻoponopono ʻia nā laina mai ke kapikala a Cuatla a me San Luis Potosí, a me ka laina i Nuevo Laredo.
I nā makahiki kanawalukumamāwā, hoʻomoana nui ʻia nā hana kaʻaahi i nā ala hou loa, nā kelekila a me nā pono hana, e hoʻoponopono ana i nā pali a me ke hoʻolālā ʻana i nā laina hou.
Loaʻa nā loaʻa mai nā ʻae a me nā hana hoʻopukapuka pilikino i nā makahiki he 5 e hiki mai ana i uku ʻia (miliona o nā kālā) Kālā hoʻopukapuka i nā makahiki he 5 (miliona o nā kālā) Mai ka ʻĀkau Hikina 1, 384678 North Pacific * 527327 Coahuila-Durango 2320 Mai ka Hikina Hema 322 278 Huina 2 , 2561,303 * Aia pū me ka laina pōkole ʻo Ojinaga- Topolobampo.
