Wanaʻao a hoʻomaka ka ʻalihi e hāʻawi i nā ʻike mua o ka mōakāka. Ua hala nā Cumbres de Maltrata nui loa me nā lālani o nā kalaka kaumaha a me nā Kaffir e kūʻē nei i ka make ma nā ana i huki ʻia e ka hohonu.
Ua hala mākou i ka hihia o Esperanza a me nā kaona ʻo Atzizintla a me Texmalaquilla. I kēia manawa piʻi kā mākou kaʻa i ke ala lepo e hiki aku ai i nā pali o nā lua pele Atlitzin a me Citlaltépetl. ʻO ke ala, ma kekahi mau ʻāpana, he mau māwae ma ke kau ua e lilo ana i mea keʻakeʻa Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau mākou a hiki wale i ka 3,500 m mika kahi e kū ai ke kaʻa e hoʻomaka i ka piʻi ʻana i ka wāwae. ʻO Rubén, ka mea i ʻike i ka wahi no 15 mau makahiki (ʻoiai ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo he kiʻekiʻe loa ka Atlitzin), alakaʻi iaʻu i ke alo ʻākau o ka mauna.
Ke holo nei ka lā, pena nā kukuna mua o ka lā i ka pali hikina o Pico de Orizaba a me nā lau nahele o ka lua pele ʻo Sierra Negra a i ʻole Atlitzin (Nuestra Señora de la Agüita) gula.
Maʻemaʻe loa ke kakahiaka ke hele mākou ma waena o kahi ululāʻau nona ka nahelehele i hoʻopau i ka momona no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma ke alo o nā pine i hina ʻia volumous i loaʻa iā mākou ma ke ala, wehewehe ʻo Rubén ua ʻeli ʻia ko lākou aʻa a ʻoki ʻia a hāʻule lākou. No laila, koi nā mea kālai lāʻau ʻaʻole i komo i kona hāʻule ʻana; ua hōʻoia lākou ua hina ka lāʻau "no ka mea kahiko", a hāpai lākou i nā koʻi a me nā pahiolo e hemo ai.
ʻO ka huhū a me ke kaumaha i hopena ʻia e ka nāhelehele o ka nāhelehele e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka ʻāina. Ma kona mau pali hema, hōʻike ʻo Pico de Orizaba i ke koena o kahi chimney i hee ʻia, i ʻike ʻia e nā kuahiwi ʻo Torrecillas: Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ia mea, me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ke kāmela, hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i kahi kiko ʻulaʻula; ka hale hoʻokipa hema o Citlaltépetl. I ka nānā mua hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ke ala e piʻi ai i kahakai o kekahi o nā pele nui.
I ka piʻi ʻana i Atlitzin ʻike mākou i ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻena ʻoi aku ma mua o 4,000 m mau pine e mau nei; Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā lau nahele e mau ana ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu mauna kiʻekiʻe aʻe. ʻIke koke, kahi hoʻonohonoho kūlohelohe o nā pua melemele a me nā ʻōpuʻu hinahina e pīhoihoi iā mākou ma kahi moe o nā pōhaku ʻulaʻula Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā pōhaku igneous i hoʻokalakupua ʻia, pua ʻia kahi kākalaioa mauna e like me ka sunflower maloʻo. Uhi ʻia nā pōhaku ʻē aʻe i ka papa o ka laikini ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha kahi e noho maʻamau ai kekahi mau mea kolo.
Ma kahi o 4,500 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, hiki mākou i kekahi o nā poʻohiwi o ka Sierra Negra mai kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike, ma ka hikina a me ka hikina hema, nā mauna haʻahaʻa o Veracruz, ka Sierra de Zongolica a me kekahi mau awāwa. Ma ka hema i Tehuacán, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka Sierra de Tecamachalco a i ke kūkulu ʻākau ka Pico de Orizaba. Mai kēia wahi hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo maikaʻi, ma nā pali o Citlaltépetl, kahi alelo pōhaku nui e kokoke ana iā Cerro Colorado, a ma muli o ka nui o nā pine ma kona kapa, helu mākou ʻaʻole hiki ke emi ma lalo o 100 m ke kiʻekiʻe. kiʻekiʻe. Kupaianaha nō hoʻi ke noʻonoʻo ʻana, i kahi hanana o ka pō, e heleleʻi iho ana ka pele i lalo o nā pali.
Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ke ala e hopohopo e pili ana i nā ao e hoʻomaka nei e uhi i nā piko o Citlaltépetl a me Atlitzin, akā paʻakikī ka huki hope loa. I kekahi o nā maha, lawe ʻo Rubén i ka manawa kūpono e paʻi kiʻi i ka puʻu ʻo Tepoztécatl, ma ka hikina, ma o ka puka aniani e hāʻawi ai nā ao iā ia no kekahi mau manawa wale nō. Mai kēia manawa, hiki i ke kuahiwi ke hōʻike pono i kahi papa Martian. I ka wā kahiko, mau miliona o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, maliʻi paha i kahi ōlaʻi i hoʻohiolo ai nā paia i hū ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao hema, kahi e ʻike ʻia ke haʻalele ka ʻohu iā Cumbres de Maltrata mai San José Cuyachapa.
Kekahi mau mika ma mua o ka pae ʻana i luna ʻike mākou i ʻekolu mau keʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā lole o ka lua pele i hee ʻia a nalo i loko o ka enopope keʻokeʻo o nā ao e like me nā ʻuhane e noho ana ma laila. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kekahi o nā keʻa i ka Puʻuwai Hemolele o Iesū, hoʻolaʻa ʻia kekahi i ka mea haku mele o ka mauna, kahi ʻano i piʻi i ka lua pele e ʻike i kāna muse, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi he lumi kona i ke ʻano o kahi puʻu kahi kahi kiʻi o plaster me nā mōhai a me nā lei. Uhi mālie ka noe iā mākou, a ʻoiai mākou e kali nei no ka neʻe ʻana o nā ao, hiamoe ʻo Rubén a kū wau i kekahi manawa. Kahi manawa, keʻakeʻa kahi kukuna o ka lā i koʻu hoʻomaha a me nā ʻāpana o ke ao ʻo Citlaltépetl i kahi manawa. Eia naʻe, mau ke ao i ke komohana a hōʻole mai iā mākou i ka ʻike a Popocatépetl a me Iztaccíhuatl.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻihoʻi, nānā wau i mua o ka lua pele i hiolo o ka lua pele ʻo Sierra Negra a i ʻole Atlitzin, ʻaʻole ia he emi aʻe a ʻoi aku paha ka ʻelima piko o ka ʻāina.
Hana mākou i ka iho i kahi ala mālie; I loko o kahi hale ma Texmalaquilla hāʻawi lākou iā mākou i ka meaʻai a ma San José Atlitzin ua māʻona mākou i kā mākou hoʻomaha kiʻi ʻole. I loko o kāna mau ala hele semi-neoneo, ʻaʻole lawa ka lepo i hoʻāla ʻia e kahi ʻohana hipa i hānai ʻia e kahi ʻōpio e hūnā i ka hapa nui o ka Atlitzin. Hāmau ke aloha
SIERRA NEGRA: KA VOLCANO KAULA
Kikokikona: Rubén B. Morante
Inā wau i haʻi aku iā ʻoe ʻo ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe ʻelima o Mekiko i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe kālaihonua, e manaʻoʻiʻo paha ʻoe iaʻu? He mauna kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia ma mua o Malinche, Nevado de Colima a me Cofre de Perote; Eia nō naʻe, inā mākou e hoʻāʻo e loaʻa iā ia i nā puke palapala ʻāina, ʻike mākou i ka hapanui o lākou ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka pakuhi INEGI 1: 50000, kūlike iā Orizaba (E14B56), aia he 4 583 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, a ua kau ʻia ma kahi o 120 m ma luna o La Malinche, kahi lua pele i manaʻo ʻia he ʻelima piko o ka ʻāina a i kēia manawa hiki ke noho i ke kūlana ʻeono. Malia paha kokoke loa i ka piko kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina ʻo Mekiko ke kumu o ka nānā ʻole ʻia. ʻO kona hoalauna pili loa, ʻo Pico de Orizaba, me Popocatépetl, Iztaccíhuatl a me Nevado de Toluca i ʻoi aku ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe.
Manaʻo mākou he pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia kōmike, no ka mea e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai ma hope, he hui kūʻokoʻa ia mai ka Citlaltépetl, a ʻaʻole wale ia i hana ʻia i kahi manawa ʻokoʻa akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kāna mau lua pele i nā mea like ʻole. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka lua pele Atlitzin, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia ʻo Sierra Negra a i ʻole ʻo Cerro La Negra, aia ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Puebla, ʻoiai e piʻi ana kona mau kahakai i ka moku ʻo Veracruz.
ʻO ka lua pele Atlitzin, ʻo Sierra Negra a i ʻole ʻo Cerro La Negra, ua loaʻa kēia inoa ʻelua no ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kekahi ʻaoʻao o nā hau keʻokeʻo o Pico de Orizaba, ua like ia me ka nui pouli ma mua o ka maoli. He lua pele nui i haki ʻia kahi ʻāpana o kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana lua pele nui i kū i ka Neovolcanic Axis a i ʻole Transversal Volcanic Mountain Range, nona nā kuahiwi nui o ko mākou ʻāina. Ua hana ʻia ia ma mua o ka Citlaltépetl, ma ka hopena o ka Miocene. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he chimney lua o ka Pico de Orizaba, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia ai e kahi hoʻolōʻihi o ka ʻāina me kahi pali liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaka ana ma 4,000 m asl a lilo i ka lole hema o ka Citlaltépetl. Ma kēia pali, ma ke komohana, puka mai kahi cone parasite, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kahawai ʻelua o ka Pico de Orizaba, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Cerro Colorado a he 4,460 ka kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēlā puʻu, ʻae mākou, ʻaʻole ia he kūlana kūʻokoʻa.
Ua kaumaha ka lua pele ʻo Sierra Negra i kahi hana erosion ka mea i lilo ka paia o kāna chimney. I loko o kāna aʻo nui ʻana iā Pico de Orizaba i hana ʻia ma mua o kēia kenekulia, ua ʻōlelo ke kanaka hulihonua ʻo Paul Waitz ua hana ʻia ka Sierra Negra ma o ke kaʻina lōʻihi, a i loko o kēia wā ua piha ka lua pele o ka pele i ka pele. o kahi ninini hope, a ʻo ia ke kumu o kahi hou e like me kahi i hana hou ʻia ai ke kaʻina hana, e hoʻonui ana i ka lua pele a nui hou aku. ʻO ke kaulahao mauna kahi o ka Sierra Negra ka piko loa ma ka hema, hele ia mai ka hema a i ke kūkulu ʻākau, hiki i ka Cofre de Perote a pani i ka Basin Hikina, e pale ana i ka puka o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai mai ke awāwa ʻo Puebla i ke kahawai ʻo Mexico. .
Aia ka Sierra Negra ma loko o ka Pico de Orizaba National Park, a ʻōlelo mākou i waho no ka mea no nā wahi kanaka a me ka hana hoʻomāinoino i kāna mau ululāʻau ua lilo ka hapa o kāna kumu 19,750 maoli, kahi e waiho ai ma lalo. ʻo ka palena iki he 10,000 ha no kahi pāka aupuni i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka un ma ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā Honua ʻElua ma National Parks i Kepakemapa 1972.
ʻO ke aniau ma ka Sierra Negra kahi anuanu semi-ʻelemu a hiki ke mahana i kāna mau mahana mai 10ºC a 20ºC. I ka wā hoʻoilo hoʻololi pinepine ka hau iā ia i kahi "mauna mauna keʻokeʻo", akā i ka puna ke one hina a me nā pōhaku igneous e hoʻihoʻi iā ia i ka physiognomy nāna i hāʻawi i kona inoa. Hana ʻia nā mea kanu i nā laʻalāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau pinnaceous, i waena o nā pine o nā ʻano bartwegii e noho aliʻi ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 3,800 m. ʻIke pū mākou i nā kākalaioa (kakalaioa laʻa), nāʻu mauʻu (i kapa ʻia ʻo zacatones) a me nā ulu pua nani e like me jarritos a me elamaxbuitl. ʻO nā moʻo a me nā laikini wale nō ka mea i lanakila ma ka piko, a ma waena o nā holoholona aia kekahi mau lāpaki, nā coyote, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻāhiu, nā moʻo a me nā manu e like me nā ʻalalā a me nā ʻio.
Puna: Un Mexico Mexico No. 217 / Malaki 1995
