Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Quintana Roo, 12 km ma ka hema o ka pāpū ʻo Tulum, kahi wahi archaeological a me nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi nui ma ke kahakai ʻo Mekiko Caribbean, aia ka Sian Kaʻan Biosfer Reserve, kahi o nā mea nui loa o ka ʻāina a ʻo ka lua o ka nui ma ka peninsula ʻo Yucatan.
Uhi ʻo Sian Kaʻan i ka ʻāpana o 582 tausani hectares kahi e noho ai nā ʻāina terrestrial, e like me nā ululāʻau tropical a me nā wahi wai, a me nā wahi kai, e like me ka lua o nā kahawai nui ākea i ka honua (ʻo ka mua ma Australia).
ʻO nā wai pulu, i hana ʻia me nā savannas, nā kūpā, nā pohō, nā Tasistales (kahi kaiāulu o ka palemaka tasiste e ulu ana i nā lagoone kahakai), nā puʻu kai a me nā mangrove, e noho ana ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o ka ʻili o ka Reserve a lilo i kahua kahua no ka meaʻai a hana kope hou o shorebirds.
Ma kēia wahi nā kahakai o Ascención, ma ka ʻākau, a ʻo Espíritu Santo, ma ka hema; hana ʻia nā kī ʻelua, nā mokupuni a me nā lagoone kahakai kahi home o kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā manu: ʻoi aku ma mua o 328 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou nā kahakai, nona nā ʻano he 86 o ke kai, nā ʻāpā, nā puaʻa, nā ʻūhū a me nā ʻāpana one.
I loko o nā lā ʻehā, mākaʻikaʻi mākou i ke kai kūʻono o Ascención e kipa aku ai iā Gaytanes, Xhobón a me nā kolone pūnana cay, a me nā wahi hānai.
ʻO ke kūkulu ʻākau o ke kai kūʻono, ma waena o ke kai kūʻono kahakai i kapa ʻia ʻo El Río, hele wāwae mākou i loko o ʻelua mau kolone hānau. I ko mākou hōʻea ʻana i nā mokupuni, nui nā silhouette a me nā piko o nā nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole, nā wāwae melemele, nā plumage nani, a me nā squawks maha ʻole i hoʻokipa iā mākou.
ʻO nā pelicans Brown (Pelecanus occidentalis), nā poni a i nā kokoleka (Platalea ajaja), nā ibises keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā cocopathians (Eudocimus albus) a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā herona e noho ana i kēia mau wahi, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā manu o nā makahiki like ʻole: nā moa, nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio, ʻo lākou āpau ke uē nei no ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua.
Ma ka hema, aia mākou i ka wahi hānai ʻo La Glorieta. Ma laila, hana nā plovers, storks a me nā herona i kahi mosaic o nā silhouette hulahula, nā mea ola e neʻe ma waena o nā ʻāina wai e ʻai ana i nā mollusks, nā crustacea, nā ʻeleka, nā iʻa a me nā amphibians.
Ma ka laulā, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kahakai i ʻekolu mau hui: wai, kahakai a me kai, e like me nā wahi noho pinepine a lākou a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike a lākou e hōʻike ai i ka noho ʻana i kēia mau wahi. Eia nō naʻe, hana kope lākou āpau ma ka ʻāina, e hōʻehaʻeha iā lākou i nā haunaele kanaka.
ʻO nā manu wai ka hui nui i nā wahi kai o Sian Kaʻan; ʻAi pinepine lākou i nā kino o ka wai hou a paʻa a ma ka laina o nā manu wai i kēia wahi, pani ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻelemu (Podicipedidae), anhingas (Anhingidae), herons and herons (Ardeidae and Cochleariidae), ibis (Threskiornitidae), storks (Ciconnidae), flamingos (Phoenicoteridae), ducks (Anatidae), rallids (rallidae), caraos (Aramidae), and kingfishers (Alcedinidae).
ʻIke ʻia nā manu neʻe e like me nā ʻāpō a me nā mea like i loko o nā kino pāpaʻu a ʻo kā lākou meaʻai ka mea kanu wai a me nā microorganism; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e ʻai nā manu kolo e like me nā heona, nā ʻūhū, nā lapalapa a me nā ibises i nā kino pāpaʻu o ka wai.
Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, he ʻumikūmālua mau ʻohana ka hui o nā kahakai, e pili ana i nā wahi wai pulu, ʻo ka hapa nui o kahakai a hānai ʻia i nā microorganism invertebrate i nā kahakai, nā silts, nā marshes, nā wai o kekahi mau kenimika hohonu, a ma ia wahi. moana intertidal (ʻāpana i palena ʻia e nā kai kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa). ʻO kahi helu nui o kēia ʻano laha neʻe nui a hoʻokomo i nā neʻe transequatorial.
I kēia Quintana Roo Reserve, hōʻike ʻia nā shorebirds e jacanas (Jacanidae), avocets (Recurvirostridae), ʻoystercatchers (Haematopodidae), plovers (Charadriidae) a me nā sandpipers (Scolopacidae). ʻEhā wale nō mau ʻano manu manu kai i hānau ʻia ma Sian Kaʻan, ʻo ke koena he neʻe ʻana i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole nā mea neʻe hele aku.
Pili ka poʻe neʻe i ka loaʻa a me ka wā nui o nā kumuwaiwai a lākou e hoʻopau ai ma kā lākou huakaʻi neʻe. Hoʻohana kekahi mau laha i ka nui o ka ikehu i loko o kā lākou huakaʻi lōʻihi, a lilo i ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o ke kino, no laila pono lākou e ola i kahi manawa pōkole i nalowale ka ikehu i ka hope o ka lele. No laila, he wahi nui nā wahi pulu o ka Reserve no kahi alahele no nā shorebirds neʻe.
ʻO nā kai moana nā hui like ʻole e hilinaʻi i ke kai no kā lākou meaʻai, a loaʻa nā hoʻololi physiological e noho i kahi kaona o ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe. ʻAi nā manu kai āpau ma Sian Kaʻan i nā iʻa (ichthyophages), i loaʻa iā lākou i nā wai pāpaʻu kokoke i ke kahakai.
ʻO nā hui o kēia mau manu i hiki ke loaʻa ma ka Reserve he pelicans (Pelecanidae), boobies (Sulidae), cormorants a camachos (Phalacrocoracidae), anhingas (Anhingidae), frigate bird a frigate bird (Fregatidae), seagulls, terns a skimmers. (Lariidae) a me ka manure (Stercorariidae).
Mai ke kaona ʻo Felipe Carrillo Puerto, lawe mākou i ʻelima mau hola a hiki i ka hale kukui ʻo Punta Herrero, ke kahua komo i ka Bahía del Espíritu Santo. I ka wā o ka huakaʻi, ua kū mākou e ʻike i kahi mau kike bidentate (Harpagus bientatus), kekahi mau chachalacas maʻamau (Ortalis vetula), nā honu ʻoka (Tigrisoma mexicanum), nā caraos (Aramus guarauna), a me nā ʻano manu nūnū ʻelua, nā ʻāko a me nā ʻākena, a me nā manu mele.
I kēia kai kūʻono, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka Ascension, hūnā ʻia nā kolone manu ma waena o nā peninsulas a me nā wai pāpaʻu. He mea paʻakikī kēia e komo ai i kēia mau kolone a ma kekahi mau ʻāpana pono mākou e pahu i ka moku.
Ma kēia wahi he nui nā pūnana o osprey (Pandion haliaetus), e like me ka inoa o ka inoa, hānai i nā iʻa i loaʻa me kahi hana hoʻohanohano. ʻO kekahi ʻano lūlū pū kekahi pueo kihi (Bubo virginianus) ʻai i kekahi mau manu wai e noho ana i nā kolone.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano manu manu wai nā kamaʻāina i hānai ma Sian Kaʻan, a ʻaneʻane e mahele pinepine i nā mokupuni a me nā mokupuni me nā kai kai. ʻO nā kolone kahakai ma kēia wahi ma kahi o 25, a he ʻumikūmāhā i loko o ka Ascension a he ʻumikūmākahi i ka ʻUhane Hemolele. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau kolone o hoʻokahi ʻano (monospecific) a i ʻole ʻumikūmālima mau ʻano ʻokoʻa (nā kolone hui); i ka Reserve kahi hapa nui o nā kolone huikau.
Hoʻokomo nā manu i nā mangrove a i nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "mogotes"; hiki ke loaʻa ka substrate reproductive mai kokoke i ka pae wai a hiki i ka piko o ka bakau. Lawe ʻia kēia mau mokupuni mai ka ʻāina nui a mai nā wahi noho kanaka. Ke piʻi nei ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu o nā mogotes ma waena o ʻekolu a me ʻumi mau mika, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā bakau ʻulaʻula (Rizophora mangle).
ʻAʻole lūlū lūlū laha ʻole ʻia e pili ana i nā mea kanu, akā ʻo ke ʻano o ka mahele i ka manu i nā pūnana e hilinaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano pūnana: ʻo kā lākou makemake no kekahi mau lālā, kiʻekiʻe, kaʻe a i loko o nā mea kanu.
I kēlā me kēia kolone aia ka mahele o ka substrate a me ka manawa pūnana o ka laha. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka manu, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā pūnana o kēlā me kēia a me nā ʻano eʻoi aku ka nui.
E pili ana i ka hānai ʻana, noho like nā manu kahakai ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kā lākou ʻano hānai i ʻehā mau ʻano: ʻano hei, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana nohe, nā wahi noho e loaʻa ai kā lākou meaʻai a me nā hola o ka lā.
Hiki i ke herona ke lilo i laʻana maikaʻi. ʻO ka heron ʻulaʻula (Egretta rufescens) hānai mehameha i nā wai wai palau, ʻoiai ʻo ka heron hau (Egretta thula) e kiʻi i kāna meaʻai i nā hui, i nā kino wai hou a hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana hānai ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka spoon-heron (Cochlearius cochlearius) a me nā herons-night coroniclara (Nycticorax violaceus) a me nā kalaunu ʻeleʻele (Nycticorax nycticorax) hānai nui ʻia i ka pō a nui nā maka no ka ʻike maka pō maikaʻi aʻe.
I ka Sian Kaʻan Biosphere Reserve, ʻaʻole nā mea āpau ke ola a me ke kala i nā manu. Pono lākou e kū i nā ʻano mea ʻaihue like me nā manu lele, nāhesa a me nā crocodiles.
Hoʻomanaʻo wau me ke kaumaha i kahi manawa a mākou i kipa aku ai i kahi mokupuni hānau o Least Swallow (Sterna antillarum), kahi ʻano i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka make, ma ke kai kūʻono o Espiritu Santo. I ko mākou hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka moku liʻiliʻi o 4 m ke anawaena, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i kekahi manu e lele ana i ka wā a mākou e hele aku ai.
Ua iho mākou mai ka moku a kāhāhā ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻohe mea. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke piliwi, ʻoiai 25 mau lā ma mua o ko mākou noho ʻana ma ia wahi a ua loaʻa iā mākou he ʻumikūmālua pūnana me nā hua manu, i hā ʻia e ko lākou mau mākua. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kā mākou pūʻiwa i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koena o nā manu i nā pūnana. Me he mea lā, ua hāʻule ka make a me ka ʻole o ka pō i luna o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi a palupalu.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hana pololei i kēia ma June 5, World Environment Day. ʻAʻole ia he manu lele, malia he mammal a mea kolo paha; akā naʻe, hoʻomau ka kānalua a me ka ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo ua haʻalele mākou i ka mokupuni e hele i ka hopena o kā mākou hana.
ʻO nā wahi wai o ka moku ʻo Caribbean kahi mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa ma nā Central a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka hōʻino e loaʻa nei i ka Caribbean ma muli o ka mānoanoa o ka heluna kanaka o ia wahi a me ka kaomi e kau nei ma nā wai pulu. Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻoweliweli pololei i nā manu kamaʻāina e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻāina wai i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka meaʻai, a no nā manu neʻe i kū ka hopena i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i nā wahi wai o ka moku Caribbean. .
He mea nui ka mālama ʻana a me ka mahalo ʻana i kēia wahi no kēia mau mea ola e hele pū me mākou i kēia manawa pōkole o ke ola.
