ʻO Ixtlahuacán kahi ʻāina kahi e waiwai ai ka mōʻaukala, i ʻike ʻia i nā lole o ka moʻomeheu Nahuatl, i hui pū ʻia me ka nani maoli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa.
ʻOiai aia kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Ixtlahuacán, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o kēia kaona ʻo "kahi mai kahi e nānā ʻia a nānā ʻia ai", i haku ʻia me nā huaʻōlelo: ixtli (maka, nānā, wahi o ka nānā); hua (ma hea, a i ʻole) a hiki i (kahi a i ʻole awelika manawa). ʻO kekahi kumu no ka ʻae ākea o kēia manaʻo ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻāina kahiko o Ixtlahuacán - ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka wā o kēia manawa - kahi ala i koi ʻia no nā ʻohana Purépecha i hoʻāʻo e lawe i nā pā paʻakai. Kuhi ʻia kekahi mea no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kekahi o nā kaua nui ma ia wahi i kaua ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele e pale i nā mea komo hewa i ka wā o ka naʻi Sepania.
Ma muli o kēia mau hanana, hiki ke kuhi ʻia he kūlanakauhale koa ia, kahi e lawe ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā puʻu e hoʻopuni ana i ua wahi lā, ua nānā ʻia a hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ka hiki mai o nā hui i waho. He aupuni kiwikā ʻo Ixtlahuacán ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Colima ma ka hema hikina o ka mea, ma ka hema o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Colima a ma ka palena me Michoacán. Ma kēia wahi, kahi e hui pū ʻia ai ka waiwai o ka moʻomeheu Nahuatl me nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe maikaʻi, aia kekahi mau pūnaewele i kūpono e kipa aku. Aia mākou i kekahi mau wahi hoihoi e kū kokoke ana i ka noho kūloko o Ixtlahuacán, kahi hoʻomaka o kā mākou huakaʻi.
KA GRUTTA DE SAN GABRIEL
ʻO ka wahi mua a mākou i kipa aku ai ʻo ke ana ʻo San Gabriel a i ʻole Teoyostoc (ana kapu a i ʻole nā akua), aia ma ka puʻu o ka inoa like. I kēia manawa no ia no ke kaona ʻo Tecomán akā ua manaʻo ʻia ia he ʻāpana o Ixtlahuacán, ʻoiai ma mua he ʻāpana ia o kēia kaona. Ua haʻalele mākou ma ke ala pāpaʻi e hoʻomaka ana mai ka square Ixtlahuacán a i ka hema, kahi e ʻike ai mākou i nā māla tamarind e pili kokoke ana i ke kaona. Ma hope ma kahi o 15 mau minuke e hoʻomau mākou i ka hoʻololi i ka ʻākau ke hoʻomaka ka pali o ka puʻu.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao i luna, hiki ʻole ke nānā a leʻaleʻa i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani: kahi pā liʻiliʻi ma ka mua; ma ʻō aku, nā puʻu e hoʻopuni iā Ixtlahuacán a ma kahi mamao aku, nā kuahiwi nunui e hoʻohālike ana he mau kiaʻi o ia wahi. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hola o ka hele wāwae ua hōʻea mākou i ke kaiāulu o San Gabriel, ua aloha aku mākou i kekahi o nā hoalauna a ua hāʻawi kahi keikikāne e hele pū me mākou i ka grotto e waiho ana ma kahi mau mika mai nā hale, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia kēlā e ka poʻe ʻike ʻole. aia nō kēia hana kupaianaha o ke kūlohelohe.
Me ka maopopo e hele ana mākou i ke ala pololei, hoʻomaka mākou i kā mākou huakaʻi. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika ma mua, ua alakaʻi ke alakaʻi iā mākou ma ka ulu o ka ulu, 20 m hou aʻe a aia kahi puka nui ma kahi o 7 m ke anawaena i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā pōhaku a me kahi kumulāʻau nunui ma kekahi o kona kapa, kahi mea e kono ai i ka poʻe hoihoi e pīheʻe pū me ia ke aʻa e iho ma kahi o 15 m i ka puka o ke ana. Ua hōʻike mai ko mākou hoa iā mākou pehea ka maʻalahi o ka iho ʻana me ke kōkua ʻole ma mua o kona mau wāwae a me nā lima, eia naʻe, makemake mākou e iho i lalo me ke kōkua o kahi kaula ikaika. ʻO kahi e komo ai i ke ana kahi puka liʻiliʻi i ka papahele ma waena o nā pōhaku, kahi ʻaʻohe wahi no kahi kanaka hoʻokahi. Ma laila, e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ke alakaʻi, ua heʻe mākou a pūʻiwa mākou i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi pueo i hōʻeha ʻia a ua puʻuhonua ma ka puka o ke ana.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ke kukui i hiki ke kānana i loko o ka hale, pono e lawe i nā kukui i hiki ke nānā i ka nani o kahi: kahi keʻena ma kahi o 30 m ka hohonu, 15 ākea a me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 20 mika. ʻO ke kaupaku kahi o nā stalactite i hana ʻia, a ma nā hihia i hui pū ʻia me nā stalagmite e puka mai ana mai ka honua a e ʻālohilohi pū ke alakaʻi ʻia ke kukui iā lākou. ʻO kekahi mea kaumaha ka mahalo ʻana i ke ʻano o kekahi mau malihini kipa ma mua, me ka mahalo ʻole i nā ʻano o ke ʻano i hana ʻia no nā makahiki he mau kaukani, i haki i nā ʻāpana nui o kēia mea kupaianaha kūlohelohe e lawe i mau mea hoʻomanaʻo.
I ko mākou mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i loko o ka grotto a me ka hauʻoli o kona nani, ʻike mākou pehea, mai ka puka komo a i lalo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻanuʻu pōhaku ākea, kahi e like me nā ʻimi a me nā noiʻi i hana ʻia, ua kūkulu ʻia i nā manawa mua o ka Hispanic me ke kumu o e hoʻolilo i kēia hakahaka i kikowaena kikowaena. Aia nō ke kumumanaʻo i ʻike ʻia nā hale kupapaʻu lāʻau i nā mokuʻāina ʻo Colima a me Michoacán a me nā repubalika o ʻEkuador a me Colombia, he pilina paha me kēia ana a i ʻole nā mea like, no ka mea like nā ʻano o kā lāua kūkulu. Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ma kēia wahi, kahi e like me ka mōʻaukala i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1957 e nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona, ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i nā hopena o nā ʻāpana archaeological. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike maopopo ʻia ia e nā kamaʻāina o ke kaona i nā ʻike like ʻole o nā wahi o ka moʻomeheu Nahuatl ma aneane e pau loa ka hao wale ʻana a ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke wehewehe kahi o kahi nui o nā ʻāpana i loaʻa.
LAURA'S POND
Ma hope o ka pīhoihoi e nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi i loko o ke ana ʻo San Gabriel, hoʻomau mākou i kā mākou huakaʻi i Las Conchas, kahi kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi aia ma 23 km ma ka hikina o Ixtlahuacán. Hoʻokahi kilomita ma mua o Las Conchas ua kū mākou ma kahi nui i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka loko iʻa ʻo Laura, kahi e hui pū ai nā kumulāʻau e hāʻawi i kahi wahi maikaʻi ma lalo o kā lākou malu e pili ana i ka Rio Grande. Ma laila, ma ke kapa o ka muliwai e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā mokuʻāina ʻo Colima a me Michoacán, ua ʻike mākou i kekahi mau keiki e ʻauʻau ana i loko o kona wai ʻoiai mākou e hoʻolohe ana i ka namunamu o ka muliwai me ke mele o nā calandrias, nona nā kala, ʻeleʻele a me melemele, e lele ana i loko. ma nā wahi āpau. Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i kahi e hiki aku ai, ua kuhikuhi ke alakaʻi i kekahi mau pūnana i kūkulu ʻia e kēia mau manu. Ma kēia mea, ua haʻi ʻo ia iā mākou e like me nā kūpuna, inā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pūnana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻaʻole nui nā hau ʻino; Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā lākou ma nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa, he hōʻailona ia e hele mai ka wā ua me nā gale ikaika.
KA TOMBS DE TIRO DE CHAMILA
Mai Las Conchas hoʻomau mākou ma ke ala e hele aku ai i Ixtlahuacán, i hoʻopuni ʻia i kēia manawa e nā māla nui o ka mango, tamarind a me ka lemon. Ma ke ala ua pīhoihoi mākou i kahi dia liʻiliʻi e holo ma mua o mākou. Pehea ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha o ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi poʻe, ma kahi o ka leʻaleʻa a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kēia mau hālāwai, e kaha kiʻi koke i kā lākou mea kaua a hoʻāʻo e alualu i kēia mau holoholona e paʻakikī e loaʻa.
Ma kahi o 8 km mai Las Conchas hiki aku mākou i Chamila, kahi kaiāulu e waiho nei ma ka wāwae o ka puʻu o ka inoa like. Ke hele nei ma waena o ka māla lemon a me kahi māla kulina a hiki mākou i kahi ʻāpana i luna iki aʻe ma mua o ke koena o ka ʻāina, ma kahi o 30 a 30 mau mika, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi ilina ma mua o ka Hispanic, mai kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma kahi o 25 mau ilina. Kūlike kēia hale kupapaʻu i ka hui ʻo Ortices, i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka makahiki 300 o ko mākou au a lilo i hoʻokahi o nā kumu waiwai nui o ka ʻike ma mua o ka Hispanic o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Colima. ʻOiai ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā hale kupapaʻu i ka nui, ka hohonu a me ke kinona, manaʻo ʻia he ʻano like ia o ka ʻāina no ka mea kūkulu ʻia ia mau mea ma nā ʻāina tepetate, a he kumu a me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau keʻena kanu kupapaʻu kahi i loaʻa ai nā koena o ka mea i make. a me kā lākou mōhai. ʻO ke kiko komo i kēlā me kēia lua kupapaʻu kahi luawai me ke anawaena o waena o 80 a me 120 cm a me kahi hohonu ma waena o 2 a me 3 mau mika. ʻO nā keʻena kanu ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika a 20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, e 3 m ka lōʻihi, e kamaʻilio ana ma o nā puka liʻiliʻi ma waena o kekahi o lākou.
I ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai nā hale kupapaʻu, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana o ke kī me ke kāmela e keakea ʻia e nā ʻāpana o ka ceramic a i ʻole ka pōhaku, e like me nā ipu hao, nā moku a me nā metates. Kuhi kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi he hōʻailona nui ka lua kupapaʻu, ʻoiai e pili ana i ka ʻōpū a me ka lua kupapaʻu, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hopena o ke ola ola: hoʻomaka ia me ka hānau ʻana a hoʻopau ma ka hoʻi ʻana i ka ʻōpū o ka honua. Ma kahi e pau ai ka ʻāina ilina kahi petroglyph, kahi pōhaku nui i kahakaha ʻia kahi palapala ma luna. Me he mea lā he palapala ʻāina ia e hōʻike ana i kahi o nā hale kia pana ma ia wahi, me kekahi mau laina e hōʻike ana i ke kamaʻilio ma waena o lākou. Hoʻohui ʻia, kahakaha ʻia kahi mea hoihoi loa ma ka pōhaku: ʻelua mau kapuwaʻi wāwae, hoʻokahi mea i ʻike ʻia no nā mākua ʻInia a hoʻokahi a kahi keiki. Eia hou, i ko mākou minamina, i ka nīnau ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana archaeological i loaʻa ma kēia pūnaewele, ua hōʻike ʻia nā pane mai nā kamaʻāina a me nā luna o ke kaona i ka hao wale ʻia ʻana o nā hale kupapaʻu. E pili ana i kēia, aia kekahi e koi nei i ka waiwai pio i loaʻa ma aneʻi e nā mea ʻaihue ʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻē.
KA LAWE ANA I KA CIUDADELA
Ke hoʻi nei mākou i Ixtlahuacán, ma kahi o 3 km ma mua, e ukali mākou i kahi ala liʻiliʻi e ʻike iā La Toma, kahi loko iʻa nani i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1995 ma ke ʻano he mahiʻai kai, kahi e kanu ʻia ai ka carp keʻokeʻo. Ke haʻalele nei mākou iā La Toma, nānā mākou i kahi mamao, i nā ʻāina o "Las haciendas", kekahi mau puʻu i uhi ʻia me nā pōhaku, no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ia wahi, e ʻumeʻume i kā mākou nānā. Kuhi nā mea āpau ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka honua he mau kūkulu mai ka wā ma mua o ka Hispanic, ʻoiai ko lākou ʻano e like me nā pyramid liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea e hoʻopuni ana i ka mea e lilo i kahua pāʻani. Ma waho o kēia mau hana kūkulu ʻehā mau puʻu, ma waenakonu o ia - e like me ka mea a lākou i haʻi mai ai iā mākou a ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoia ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu - aia ka mea e ʻike ʻia he kuahu pōhaku. Ua loohia mākou e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā piramida liʻiliʻi aia nā ʻāpana o nā ipu lepo i hoʻopuehu ʻia a me nā kiʻi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
ʻO kēia wahi hope loa i kā mākou huakaʻi i alakaʻi iā mākou i ka noʻonoʻo aʻe: ua waiwai kēia wahi āpau i nā vestiges o kekahi o ko mākou moʻomeheu kūpuna, mahalo i hiki ai ke ʻike i kekahi i kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea e ʻike nei i kēia wale nō ka pōmaikaʻi o ka loaʻa pilikino. Lana ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo lākou wale nō ka mea e hoʻohana pono ana i kēia waiwai a hoʻopakele ʻia ka mea i koe no ka pono o nā mea āpau, no laila ma kēia ala e emi ai ka liʻiliʻi o Mexico.
Inā ʻoe e hele i IXTLAHUACÁN
Mai Colima hele i ke alaloa 110 a hiki i ke awa o Manzanillo. Ma ka kilomita 30 ukali ʻoe i ka hōʻailona ma ka hema a ʻewalu mau kilomita ma hope hiki aku ʻoe i Ixtlahuacán, e hele iki ana ma mua o ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Tamala. Ke hoʻomaka nei i ka wanaʻao hiki ke hoʻopau i ke ala holoʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi lā. No ke kipa i ka grotto pono e loaʻa i kahi kaula kūʻē ma ka liʻiliʻi he 25 mau mika a mai poina e lawe i nā kukui. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka huakaʻi, he mea maʻalahi ke kāhea iā Mr. José Manuel Mariscal Olivares, ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ia wahi, i ka pelekikena aupuni o Ixtlahuacán, ka mea a mākou e mahalo nui ai no kāna kākoʻo i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia hōʻike.
