ʻO kekahi o nā kia hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia o ke au gula i kapa ʻia o Mekiko archeology ʻo Kauka Alfonso Caso y Andrade, he archaeologist hanohano nona ka naʻauao, hoʻolaʻa a me nā loina i ka hana o kāna noiʻi, ma ke kula a me ka keʻena hoʻokolohua, ua waiho i kahi waiwai o kauoha mua.
Ma waena o nā mea i loaʻa nui loa, kū i waho ke kūlanakauhale mua o Hispanic o Monte Albán, me kāna Tomb 7 hanohano, a me nā pūnaewele ma Mixteca, e like me Yucuita, Yucuñidahui a me Monte Negro, ma Tilantongo. ʻO ka huahana o kēia mau mea i loaʻa he helu nui o nā puke, nā ʻatikala, nā hōʻike, nā ʻaha kūkā a me nā puke kaulana, e pono ai no ke aʻo ʻana i nā moʻomeheu Mesoamerican, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Zapotec, Mixtec a me Mexico.
He mea nui ʻo Don Alfonso Caso i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o ka wahi moʻomeheu o Oaxaca; E hoʻomaka ana ma 1931, a ʻoi aku ma mua o iwakālua mau makahiki, hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho i ke aʻo ʻana iā Monte Albán, kahi pūnaewele i loaʻa iā ia i hoʻolilo ʻia i ʻāina mahiʻai, me nā mogotes piha i nā mea kanu kahiko. Mahalo i kāna hana nui, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ke kōkua ʻaʻole wale mai nā mea hulikoehana ʻē aʻe akā mai nā mea ʻenehana he nui a me nā limahana o ka lā e noho a e noho nei a puni kēia wahi hanohano, ua hiki iā ia ke ʻike piha ma mua o iwakālua o nā haneli mau hale a ʻoi loa monumental o nā square i hana i nā koena o kēia kūlanakauhale nui ma mua o ka Hispanic. ʻO nā lua kupapaʻu he 176 āna i mākaʻikaʻi ai, no ka mea ma o kāna aʻo ʻana ua hiki iā ia ke wehewehe i ka ʻōnaehana ola o ka poʻe Zapotec a me Mixtec, me ka helu ʻole ʻana i nā hale lehulehu o nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe āna i hoʻonui ai i kāna papahana waena, ma ka wahi Mixtec a me ka ʻO Mitla archaeological kahua, ma ke awāwa ʻo Oaxaca.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kauka Caso ka lunamakaʻāinana o ke au o ka manaʻo i kapa ʻia ke kula archeology Mekiko, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻike o nā moʻomeheu Mesoamerican kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻōnaehana o kā lākou ʻano moʻomeheu like ʻole, e like me ka archeology, linguistics, ethnography, ka mōʻaukala a me ke aʻo ʻana o nā heluna kanaka, hoʻopili ʻia a pau e hoʻomaopopo i ka hohonu o nā aʻa moʻomeheu. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo kēia kula i ka waiwai o ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone nui o kēlā mau moʻomeheu, me ka manaʻo e ʻike hohonu a hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ko mākou poʻe kūpuna, keu hoʻi i nā maka o ka wā ʻōpio. No kēia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia i nā noiʻi koʻikoʻi o nā ʻano manaʻo like ʻole, e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā heiau, nā hale aliʻi a me nā hale kupapaʻu, nā pālolo, nā koena kanaka, nā puke kapu, nā palapala ʻāina, nā mea pōhaku a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a Caso i hele mai ai e wehewehe. ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ke aʻo ʻana.
ʻO kekahi o kāna mau makana nui ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana kākau o nā moʻomeheu mua o ka Hispanic o Oaxaca, e hoʻomaopopo ana i nā hieroglyphs a nā Zapotec i hoʻohana ai mai ka makahiki 500 BC, e inoa i ka poʻe, e helu i ka manawa a me e haʻi i kā lākou naʻi aupuni, i nā huaʻōlelo paʻakikī i kālai ʻia i nā pōhaku nui. I kekahi manawa ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 600 o ko mākou au, me kēia ʻōnaehana kākau i helu ʻia ma luna o kā lākou komo hewa ʻana i loko o nā kaona, e mōhai ana i kekahi a lawe pio ʻana i ko lākou mau alakaʻi, nā mea āpau e hōʻoia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe Zapotec, nona ka kapena ʻo Monte Alban.
Pēlā nō, ua unuhi ʻo ia i ka ʻōnaehana kākau ʻo Mixtec, ka poʻe nona ka lāhui i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻili i hana ʻia me ka ʻili dia a pena ʻia me nā kala ʻōlinolino, e haʻi i nā kaʻao e pili ana i ke kumu, ke kumu mai ka honua a me nā ao, nā kumu lāʻau a me nā pōhaku. , a me nā mōʻaukala paʻakikī - mawaena o nā mea maoli a me nā kaʻao - o nā mea nui, e like me nā kāhuna, nā luna a me nā koa o kēlā mau lāhui. ʻO kekahi o nā huaʻōlelo mua e wehewehe ʻia ʻo Map of Teozacoalco, kahi a Kauka Caso i hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i nā pilina ma waena o ka kalena kahiko a me ka hoʻohana o kā mākou moʻomeheu i kēlā me kēia lā, e ʻae pū ana hoʻi iā ia e huli i ka wahi i noho ʻia e Mixtecos a i ʻole ñuusavi, nā kāne o ke ao.
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Oaxaca i noho i ka noʻonoʻo kā Caso, ua aʻo pū ʻo ia i ka moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana Aztec a lilo i hoʻokahi o kāna mau loea alakaʻi. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i nā pōhaku kaulana i kālai ʻia e kū ana i nā akua o ke kikowaena ʻo Mexico, e like me ka Piedra del Sol, ka mea i hopohopo nā poʻe ʻepekema ʻē aʻe he nui i nā wā ma mua. Ua ʻike ʻo Caso he ʻōnaehana calendrical kekahi ia, kahi ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu Mekiko ma ke aʻa o ia mau moʻolelo kaʻao e pili ana. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i nā palena palena ʻāina a me nā hanana he nui i pili i nā akua o ka mea āna i kapa ai ʻo Pueblo del Sol, ka poʻe Mekiko, ka mea nāna i mālama nui i nā hopena o nā poʻe Mesoamerican ʻē aʻe i kahi manawa kokoke i ka Hispanic lanakila. .
Ua ʻaiʻē nui ka archeology o Mekiko iā Don Alfonso Caso, ʻoiai, ʻo ia ka mea ʻike nui loa, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana i hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā noiʻi archaeological, e like me ka National School of Anthropology, kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai ʻo ia i kahi nui o nā haumāna, me nā inoa o nā archeologists a me nā anthropologists o ke kiʻekiʻe o Ignacio Bernal, Jorge R. Acosta, Wigberto Jiménez Moreno, Arturo Romano, Román Piña Chan a me Barbro Dahlgren, e haʻi wale i kekahi; a me ka Society of Anthropology o Mekiko, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hānai ʻana i ka hoʻololi mau o nā manaʻo i waena o nā ʻepekema e kia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kanaka.
Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻo Caso i kēlā mau hui i hōʻoia i ka pale o nā hoʻoilina archaeological o nā Mexico, e like me ka National Institute of Anthropology and History and the National Museum of Anthropology. ʻO kāna mau aʻo ʻana i nā moʻomeheu kahiko i waiwai ai ʻo ia i ka lāhui ʻōiwi o kēia wā e hakakā nei no ko lākou ʻike ʻia i kēia lā ʻo Mekiko. No kāna kākoʻo, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka National Indigenous Institute, kahi hui i holo mau ʻo ia ma mua iki o kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1970, i kona makemake e revalue, e like me kāna i ʻōlelo ai, "the Indian Indian, through knowledge of the dead Indian."
I ko mākou mau lā, ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana a Caso i hoʻokumu i ke kulekele moʻomeheu aupuni, ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka ʻike kupaianaha a kēia ʻepekema, nona wale nō kāna mikiona, e like me kāna i ʻike ai, ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
