Ua hele wāwae ʻoe ma waena o nā alanui ʻololī, wili a pōpō a me nā alaloa o Guanajuato, a i hoʻomaha paha i kekahi o kāna mau kiʻi nani a maluhia hoʻi. Me kēia mau ʻano a me nā loina hoʻoilina, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua hoʻokomo ʻo UNESCO iā ia ma ka World Heritage List, ma Kēkēmapa 9, 1988.
KEKAHI KINOHI
ʻO Guanajuato a i ʻole Cuanaxhuato, kahi huaʻōlelo Taraska ʻo ia hoʻi "puʻu o nā rana", e hoʻonui ʻia ma luna o kahi awāwa e wili ana ma waena o nā kuahiwi maloʻo. Ma kahi mamao, hōʻike ia i kahi hoʻonohonoho nani me nā hale he nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka pali ʻāina o ka ʻāina. Kahi kū wale kona hoʻonohonoho kūlanakauhale, no laila e ʻokoʻa ana iā ia iho mai nā kūlanakauhale kolone i New Spain. Ua loaʻa nā waihona kālā manawaleʻa e ka poʻe Sepania i ka makahiki 1548, a no ka pale ʻana i nā mea minia a me nā mea noho hou o ia wahi, ua kūkulu ʻia he ʻehā mau hale paʻa: Marfil, Tepetapa, Santa Ana a me Cerro del Cuarto, a ma kahi o 1557, ke kikowaena o Santa Fe y Real de Minas de Guanajuato, kona inoa kumu. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Madre de Plata Vein, kekahi o nā mea waiwai loa o ka honua, me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā maina Cata, Mellado, Tepeyac a me Valenciana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hana i ke kuni no ke kālā e hoʻonui ai i ka lehulehu o ia wahi. kulanakauhale i nā kānaka he 78,000, ma ka hopena o ka XVI.
NA WAIWAI UNIVERSAL
I ke kenekulia 18, ua lilo ʻo Guanajuato i kikowaena waiwai nui i ka honua e ʻimi nei i ke kālā, ʻoiai i hāʻule nā mines Potosí ma Bolivia. ʻO kēia mea i ʻae iā ia e kūkulu i kahi moʻo o nā luakini kūpilikiʻi e like me ko San Diego a me kona alo nani, ka Basilica o ko mākou Lede o Guanajuato, a me ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻoihana a me kāna helehelena ʻāpala mānoanoa. ʻO nā hale aliʻi a me nā hale ʻahaʻōlelo, ka Alhóndiga de Granaditas, a me ka Casa Real de Ensaye, ka mākeke Hidalgo a me ka hale kiʻi ʻo Juárez kekahi o nā laʻana hoʻohālike o kāna kālaiʻike kīwila. Pili ʻia kēia mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻoihana o ka ʻāina. I kēia ʻano, no ke koho ʻana i Guanajuato, ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻonohonoho kupaianaha o nā hale baroque a me nā neoclassical, a i ʻole ka hoʻonohonoho kūlanakauhale, akā ʻo ka ʻoihana mining a me ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka pūnaewele.
I loko o kāna loiloi, ua pane ʻo ia i ka Criterion One, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke Kōmike Hoʻoilina o ka Honua, e pili ana i kēlā mau hana he huahana o ke akamai hana kanaka, ʻoiai he mau hiʻohiʻona nani loa o ka hoʻolālā Baroque i ka New World. ʻO nā luakini o ka Hui (1745-1765) a me nā Valenciana (1765-1788), he mau mea hanohano o ka kaila Mekiko Churrigueresque. Ma ke kahua o ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻenehana, hiki iā mākou ke haʻaheo i kekahi o kāna mau pahu maina i kapa ʻia ʻo Boca del Infierno, no kona 12 mika i ke anawaena a me kahi hohonu hohonu o 600 mika.
Ua hoʻomaopopo pū ke Kōmike like i ka mana o Guanajuato i ka hapa nui o nā kaona mining o ka ʻākau o Mekiko, ma loko o ka viceroyalty, kahi e waiho ai i kahi preponderant i ka mōʻaukala honua o ka ʻoihana. Mahalo ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he hanana kūloko-kuhikuhipuʻuone poʻokela, e hoʻohui i nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, kahi huahana o kāna hana mining. No laila, pili pololei nā hale baroque i ka bonanza o nā mines, ka luakini o Valenciana, a me Casa Rul i uku kālā ʻia e nā mines holomua. ʻOiai ʻo nā loaʻa kūpono haʻahaʻa loa mai nā mines Cata a me Mellado i hana pū ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā heiau, nā hale aliʻi a i ʻole nā hale e waiho kokoke ana i nā waihona a i ke kūlanakauhale paha.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua kuhikuhi ʻia e pili pololei ana kēia kūlanakauhale kolone i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i kūlike i ka kenekulia 18. Hoʻonui kēia hana i ka haʻaheo i ko mākou haʻaheo, a ʻae iā mākou e waiwai hou aku iā ia, ma ka ʻike ʻana iā ia mai kahi kuanaʻike ʻē aʻe.
