Wahi a Germán Arciniega, ua lawe ʻia ka huaʻōlelo pichilingue mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekania i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, a ʻo ia ke kauoha i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻōiwi makaʻu o ke kapakai o ka Pākīpika, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka huhū, ua ʻike paha lākou i ka ʻōlelo a Shakespeare.
ʻO ka wehewehe lua o ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo Sinaloan kaulana, ʻo Pablo Lizárraga, ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana no Nahuatl ia a no loko mai o pichihuila, kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻūlū e hōʻike ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona akāka: ʻo kona mau maka a me nā hulu e hoʻopuni iā lākou e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo he manu blonde ia.
ʻAʻole hewa ke noʻonoʻo ʻo nā powa, ʻo ka hapanui o nā Nordics, he like blond. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pichilingues ma kahakai, maʻamau i nā coves liʻiliʻi me nā wai hohonu e hiki ai iā lākou ke heleuma i loko o lākou a ma nā wahi pale ʻia, ua alakaʻi ʻia i ke alo o nā kahakai i kapa ʻia he pichilingues ma kekahi mau kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema a, hou hou , ma Mekiko.
Pili ke kolu o ka manaʻo. Ua hele mai kahi nui o nā powa - he inoa generic no nā kāne i hana i kēia ʻano hana - kikoʻī i ka ʻumikūmāhiku kenekulia, mai ke awa Holani o Vlissinghen. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, mau ka paʻakikī o ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo e like me kēlā me kēia kanaka āna i ʻōlelo ai, keu hoʻi i nā kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku a me kumamāwalu
Ua hiki ke komo i loko o ka Pākīpika e ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ka Moana o Magellan, ua hoʻomaka koke nā hakakā me ka poʻe Paniolo, nā mea nona ka "Spanish Spanish", a me ka puni a me ka inaina o ka poʻe Pelekania a me nā Flemings. ʻO ka pichilingue Holani mua e hele i kēia moana ʻo Oliver van Noort i ka makahiki 1597. He kahu mālama hale ʻo Van Noort, he luina ma mua, ʻo ia me kāna mau ʻauwaʻa ponoʻī me nā moku ʻehā a me 240 mau kāne i hana i ka hao wale a me ka hao wale ʻana ma ka Pākīpika Hema ʻAmelika. akā ʻaʻole i hiki aku i nā kapakai o Nu Sepania. ʻO kāna hopena paha ka mea i kūpono iā ia: ua make ʻo ia ma ke kau ʻana ma Manila.
I ka makahiki 1614 hiki aku ka nūhou i Sepania Hou e kokoke mai ana ka pōpilikia Dutch. I ʻAukake o kēlā makahiki, ua hoʻouna ka East India Company ʻehā mau moku pilikino nui (ʻo ia hoʻi, he "marquees" kā lākou mai kā lākou aupuni) a ʻelua "jachts" ma kahi "ʻoihana kalepa" a puni ka honua. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka mikiona maluhia e ka mea kaua ikaika ma luna o nā moku i alakaʻi ʻia e Groote Sonne a me Groote Mann.
Ma ke poʻo o kēia nuʻukia ka admiralious hanohano –prototype o ka privateer– Joris van Spielbergen. ʻO ka mea hoʻokele i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, hānau ʻia ma 1568, he diplomat mākaukau i makemake i kāna moku lawe hae e hoʻolako nani ʻia a hoʻolako ʻia me nā waina maikaʻi loa. Ke ʻai ʻo ia, ua hana ʻo ia pēlā me ka orchestra onboard a me kahi papa mele o nā luina e like me ke ʻano mele. Ua ʻaahu nani kona mau kāne. He komikina kūikawā ʻo Spielbergen mai ka States General a mai Prince Maurice Orange. Maliʻa paha ma waena o nā kauoha huna ka hopu ʻana i kahi galleon. ʻO ka mea hoʻokele pichilingue kaulana loa i hōʻike i kona helehelena ma ke kahakai o New Spain i ka hopena o 1615.
Ma hope o nā hoʻoili kaua kūʻē nui i ka moku kaua Sepania ma ka Pākīpika ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopā aku i kāna mau ʻauwaʻa, me nā pōʻino kanaka a me nā moku i hōʻino iki ʻia, ua hele aku nā pichilingues i ka ʻākau; Eia naʻe, ua mākaukau ʻo New Spain e kali ana no ka poʻe Holani. I Iune 1615, ua kauoha ʻo Viceroy Márques de Guadalcázar i ka Meia o Acapulco e hoʻoikaika i nā pale o ke awa me nā ʻauwaha a me nā pūkuniahi. Ua hui manawaleʻa kahi ʻāpana o nā naita i pūʻali e kaua kūʻē i ka ʻenemi.
IMUA O ACAPULCO
I ke kakahiaka o ʻOkakopa 11, ua ala nā ʻauwaʻa Holani i mua o ka puka komo i ke kai kūʻono. Komo loa ʻo ia iā ia, heleuma nā moku ma mua o ka hale paʻa ma hope o ke awakea. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia lākou me nā pana o nā pūkuniahi i hopena iki. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Spielbergen e luku i ke kauhale inā pono, no ka mea, pono ka meaʻai a me ka wai. Ma ka hopena ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi kuʻikahi a ua kau ʻia ʻo Pedro Álvarez lāua ʻo Francisco Méndez, ka mea i lawelawe ma Flanders, no laila ua ʻike lāua i ka ʻōlelo Dutch.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Spielbergen i panai no nā lako e pono ai, e hoʻokuʻu i nā pio a lākou i lawe aku ai mai kahakai o Peru. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻaelike a me ka pīhoihoi, no hoʻokahi pule, ua lilo ʻo Acapulco i wahi hālāwai nui ma waena o nā pichilingues a me nā Sepania. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia ka luna koa ma luna o ka moku me ka hanohano a me ka paikū o nā luina kākahu pono ʻia, ʻoiai ke keiki ʻōpio a Spielbergen i noho i ka lā me ka meia o ke awa. He hālāwai kūwaho e hoʻohālikelike me nā huakaʻi hope o ka Dutchman ma ke kahakai ʻākau o Acapulco. ʻO Spielbergen kahi hoʻolālā o ke awa i hana mua ʻia.
ʻO ka makaʻu, makaʻu i ka hopu ʻia o Manila Galleon e kokoke ana e hopu ʻia, ua hoʻouna ʻia ma lalo o Sebastián Vizcaíno me 400 mau kāne e pale aku i nā awa o Navidad a me Salagua, a ua hoʻouna ke kiaʻāina o Nueva-Vizcaya i kekahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ke kapakai o Sinaloa. ma lalo o ke kauoha a Villalba, ka mea nona nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e hōʻalo ai i ka pae ʻana o ka ʻenemi.
Ma ke ala, ua hopu ʻo Spielbergen i ka moku momi ʻo Kapalakiko, a laila hoʻololi i ka inoa o ka moku i Perel (momi). I ka pae hou ʻana i Salagua, ua kali ʻo Vizcaíno no nā pichilingues a ma hope o ke kaua maikaʻi ʻole i ka poʻe Paniolo, ua hoʻi ʻo Spielbergen iā Barra de Navidad, a ʻoi aku paha i Tenancatita, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia me ʻelima mau lā me kāna mau kāne i ka ʻoluʻolu. kai kūʻono. ʻO Vizcaíno, i loko o kāna hōʻike i ke kuhina nui, e haʻi ana i nā lilo nui o nā ʻenemi a ʻo ka hōʻoia e hoʻouna iā ia i nā pepeiao ua ʻoki ʻo ia i kahi pichilingue. Ua wehewehe ʻo Vizcaíno i kekahi o nā "pichilingas" āna i lawe pio ai ma ke ʻano he "kāne ʻōpio a kū pololei hoʻi, ʻo kekahi o lākou he ʻIlika, me nā curl a me nā apo pepeiao nui." Ua lure ʻia ka Irish i ka pūʻali koa o Spielbergen e manaʻoʻiʻo ana aia lākou i kahi mikiona maluhia.
Ma Cape Corrientes, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Spielbergen ʻaʻole e hoʻonele i ka manawa hou i ka wai o New Spain a hele i ka hema. I kekahi mau lā ma hope, ua hala ka Manila ʻo Galleon. Ua make ʻo Spielbergen i ka ilihune i ka makahiki 1620. E hoʻomaka koke ana ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o Fort San Diego ma Acapulco ma hope koke iho o ka pale ʻana i ke awa mai nā hoʻouka pōā.
Kūʻē i ka ʻĀPA MANUAHI
I ka makahiki 1621, ua pau ke kuʻikahi manaʻo ʻia ma waena o Holland a me Sepania. Ua mākaukau ka poʻe Dutch e hoʻouna i nāʻauwaʻa ikaika loa e kū i ka Pākīpika, i kapa ʻia ʻo Nassau Fleet - "Nasao" - e ke keiki aliʻi, kā lākou mea kākoʻo. ʻO kāna kumu maoli ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mua o Sepania i kēia moana. Hopu ʻo ia i nā galani waiwai a ʻaihue i nā kūlanakauhale. Ua haʻalele nā ʻauwaʻa iā Holani i ka makahiki 1623 i hoʻouka ʻia me 1626 pichilingues i kauoha ʻia e ka adimarala kaulana ʻo Jacobo L. Hermite, i make ma nā kapakai o Peru. A laila lawe ʻo Vice Admiral Hugo Schapenham i ke kauoha, nāna i kāpae i ka Papu o Acapulco, no ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻae ka Castilian i nā noi a ka powa i nele i ka wai a me nā lako, no laila ua neʻe nā ʻauwaʻa nui i kahakai, i kēia lā ʻike ʻia ʻo Pichilingue, e hoʻāhu waiwai.
ʻOiai aia kahi poʻe Sepania e kakali ana iā lākou, pono i ka Dutch e hāpai i ka heleuma i Zihuatanejo kahi i kali lapuwale ai lākou no ka "mea i kali lōʻihi ʻia": ʻo ka galleon elusive. Eia nō naʻe, ua kūleʻa ka Nassau Fleet i manaʻo ʻia he invincible, he lana palena ʻole nā manaʻolana a hoʻopukapuka miliona o florins. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke au o nā pichilingues me ka Peace of Westphalia i ka makahiki 1649, eia naʻe, ua haku ʻia ka huaʻōlelo pichilingue no ka wā mau loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka powa a me nā huaʻōlelo Sepania.
Ua pau ka Pakipika, e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Antonio de Robles (1654-172).
1685: ”Nowemapa, 1. I kēia lā ua ʻike hou ʻia nā ʻenemi me nā moku ʻehiku "" Pōʻakahi 19. Ua ʻike hou ʻia nā peʻa e ke kahakai o Colima o nā ʻenemi a ua hoʻokani ʻia kahi pule "" Kēkēmapa 1st. Ua hele mai ʻo Mail mai Acapulco mai me ka nūhou e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o ka ʻenemi i Cape Corrientes a ua hoʻāʻo lākou e komo i ke awa ʻelua a hōʻole ʻia ”.
1686: "Pepeluali 12. Ua kīloi ka waina hou mai Compostela i ka poʻe a hana i ka ʻiʻo a me ka wai, lawe ʻehā a ʻeono mau ʻohana: noi lākou no ka uku pānaʻi."
1688: "Nowemapa 26. ʻO ka waina hou i ka wā i komo ai ka ʻenemi ma Acaponeta a lawe i kanahā mau wahine, he nui ke kālā a me ka poʻe a me kahi makuakāne o ka Hui a ʻo kekahi me La Merced.
1689: “Mei. Lāpule 8. Ua hiki mai nā nūhou e pili ana i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻEnelani i nā pepeiao a me nā ihu o Pāpā Fray Diego de Aguilar, e koi ana i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ko mākou poʻe e make ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo e pili ana i kēia hihia i ka English pichilinque-buccaneers Swan a me Townley, ka mea i luku i ke kapakai komohana komohana o New Spain no ke kali makehewa no kahi galleon.
ʻO nā kahakai o ka Pākīpika, kona mau awa a me nā kauhale lawaiʻa e hoʻopuni mau ʻia e ka Pichilingues, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokō i ka pahuhopu i makemake ʻia e hopu iā Manila Galleon a hiki i ke kenekulia aʻe. ʻOiai loaʻa iā lākou ka waiwai pio, loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau mea hoʻohoka nui. I ko lākou hopu ʻana i ka moku ʻo Santo Rosario e hāpai ana i nā paʻa i nā kī kala, ua manaʻo ka ʻEnelani he tin ia a hoʻolei aku iā lākou i ka moana. ʻO kekahi o lākou i mālama i kahi ingot ma ke ʻano he hoʻomanaʻo. I kona hoʻi ʻana i ʻEnelani, ua ʻike ʻo ia he kālā paʻa. Ua hoʻolei lākou ma mua o 150 tausani mau paona kālā i ke kai!
ʻO Cromwell, ka "Coromuel" kaulana, nāna i hoʻokumu i kona keʻena nui ma waena o La Paz a me Los Cabos, ma Baja Kaleponi, kū i waena o nā pichilingues i haʻalele i ka māka nui loa ma kahi kikoʻī o Nu Sepania. Ua noho kona inoa i ka makani e hoʻomanaʻo ai iā ia, "ka coromuel", āna i holo ai a alualu i kekahi moku kalena waiwai a momi paha. ʻO kona wahi paʻa ke kahakai e lawe i ka inoa ʻo Coromuel, kokoke i La Paz.
Ua waiho ʻo Cromwell i kekahi o kāna mau lepa a i ʻole "joli roger" i kēia wahi mamao a hoʻokalakupua. I kēia lā aia ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Papu San Diego. ʻO Coromuel, ke kāne, nalo pohihihi, ʻaʻole kona hoʻomanaʻo.
